Difference between revisions of "Category:Fort Ontario (subject)"

Latest revision as of 15:48, 10 June 2023

Fort Ontario Refugee Center (see Holocaust Children Studies)

Overview

See YouTube

On June 12, 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced his plan to create a free port at Fort Ontario in Oswego, New York. Under this plan, 982 refugees from eighteen different countries were transported from Italy to an emergency shelter at Fort Ontario. They left from Naples, Italy, in late July 1944. On Aug. 3, 1944 the Henry Gibbins arrived at Pier 84 in the Hudson River.

Roosevelt circumvented the rigid immigration quotas by identifying these refugees as his “guests,” but that status gave them no legal standing and required their return to Europe once conditions permitted their repatriation.

Because of their undefined immigrant status, the refugees were not permitted to leave Fort Ontario, even to work or to visit family members already settled in the United States. They struggled to create a community within the camp, but the close quarters and their uncertain futures made for tense relations.

Advocates for the refugees continually lobbied Congress and the President to allow them to stay in America. Finally, after eighteen months in the camp, President Truman permitted their legal entry into the country. The shelter closed a short time later in February 1946.

The Children

Among the refugees were 187 children, aged 16 or younger. The largest family group were the Dresdners (from Romania).

All children had arrived as refugees in Italy from the Balkans, with adult relatives. Many had spent the years of the war in Italian internment camps (some of the youngest were even born there). Those who were interned in Southern Italy (in Ferramonti or other camps) had being liberated in 1943 before the German occupation. Those who were in Northern or Central Italy had to spend several months in hiding before Liberation in summer 1944. Some reached Southern Italy directly from the Balkans after Sep 8, 1943.

USHMM

On June 12, 1944, President Roosevelt sent a message to Congress announcing that he was establishing an Emergency Refugee Shelter at Fort Ontario, a US Army camp in Oswego, NY. Relief and rescue organizations, as well as interested members of the public, had been suggesting bringing refugees under the threat of Nazi persecution to the United States for a number of months. At the beginning of March 1944, the War Refugee Board prepared a memo proposing the opening of safe havens (also called free ports) in the United States for refugees, where they would be admitted outside of American immigration quotas and repatriated to Europe at the end of the war. The project was presented to Roosevelt in May 1944. He was supportive of it, but feared his critics in Congress would attack the idea. So, the President asked the WRB to find an emergency situation which the removal of refugees would ameliorate. At the time, the WRB was receiving reports that refugee camps in Italy were almost full and the American military had issued a directive discouraging refugees fleeing to Italy from Yugoslavia. The WRB’s director, John Pehle, presented the situation to President Roosevelt, who issued instructions that the movement of refugees to Italy should not be discouraged, and used the situation to formally approve the establishment of a refugee shelter. In early June 1944, the camp of Fort Ontario was selected to house the refugees. WRB representative Leonard Ackermann traveled to Italy and interviewed interested refugees. In total, 982 refugees were selected for the Fort Ontario project. Seventy-five per cent of the group came from transit camps in southern Italy, including Bari, Ferramonti, Santa Maria di Bagni and Compagna, and twenty-five per cent from Rome, where most had been living in hiding until the recent withdrawal of the Germans. Approximately 165 of the refugees were children below the age of seventeen. In order to avoid complaints, officials recruited non-Jews as well as Jews. Still, Jewish refugees constituted 918 of the 982 members of the group, representing fourteen nationalities. The group was assembled in Aversa, Italy and set sail aboard the Henry Gibbins, a US Army transport vessel. The ship arrived in New York on August 5, and the refugees were taken to Fort Ontario near the town of Oswego in upstate New York. Their eighteen month sojourn at the shelter was a frustrating experience for the refugees. At first their freedom was severely restricted. They were not permitted to work or serve in the army. Their contact with the outside world was extremely limited. Requests to live with or visit relatives in the US were denied. Though rudimentary cultural, political and social organizations eventually came into being, they were plagued by divisiveness among their members. Following V-E Day, pressure from Jewish groups, relief agencies, Congressmen and members of Truman's cabinet, led to the Truman Directive of December 1945, which permitted the immigration to the United States of displaced persons in America's zones of occupation and removed restrictions on war refugees already in the US.

Picture (USHMM)

Jewish youth living at the Fort Ontario refugee shelter sing songs accompanied by an accordionist. Those pictured include Elfi Strauber, Liesel Bader, Ruth Hendel, Walter Arnstein, Ernest Spitzer, Leo Levic, Wilko Kremer, David Hendel, Henny Notowitz, Adam Munz, Fortunee Levic, Paul Bokros, Ivo Lederer, Paul Arnstein, Neli Bokros, Herman Kremer, and Joseph Bernard Hirt, standing on the far left next to the American flag. The pen and ink drawing on the wall was drawn by Adam Munz. (USHMM)

Children and leaders of a Fort Ontario cub scout troop. Pictured in the front row (left to right) are Jakov Kampos, Wilhelm Wittenberg, Milan Poljokan, Silvestro Wachsmann, and Mika Finci (Miko Finzi). Pictured in the second row are Walter Grunberg, Nikola Marinkovic, Miroslav Lang, Mr. Lawrence, Ferdinand Kaska, Heinz Grun, Josef Hazan, and Erik Levy. Pictured in the third row are Branko Hochwald, Michael Hirt; Julius Krauthamer; possibly Jakov Levi, Walter Cohen, Pietri Albrecht, and two unidentified boys. (USHMM)

Group portrait of Jewish youth dressed in Purim costumes at the Fort Ontario refugee shelter. One of them is dressed as Adolf Hitler. Left to right (front row) Ivo Svencenski, Jacob Broner, unknown, unknown and Leo Levic. Second row: Liesel Bader, Henny Notovitz, Edward Levic (?), Neva Svecenski, Edith Broner and Elfi Strauber. Third row: Herman Kremer, Manci Broner, unknown, Lillian Danon, Ralf Kuznitzki, and Ivo Lederer in the Hitler costume. Back row: Dorit Reisner, Ginette Cygelman, Adam Munz, Silvio Levy, Neli Bokros, Paul Bokros, and Paul Arnstein. (USHMM)

Group portrait of children dressed in Purim costumes in the Fort Ontario refugee center. Those pictured include Ray Harding, John Hirshler, Ruth Hendel, Walter Grunberg, and Willie Kramer. (USHMM)

Jakov & Luna Kampos (MF / Croatia, 1936, 1938), Holocaust survivors -- Children of Josef and Sol

Paul & Wilhelm Wittenberg (MM / Czechia, 1933, 1934), Holocaust survivors

Milan Poljokan (M / Yugoslavia, 1936) July 14, 1936. AL campo con l amadre Sarafina.

Silvestro Wachsmann (Waksman) Poland

Samuel Waksman (Oct 20, 1935) & Andre Waksman (Jun 12, 1943) -- No Italian records.

Mika & Sonja Finzi (MF / Yugoslavia, 1935, 1938), Holocaust survivors Jun 24, 1935 & Aug 25, 1938

Walter Grunberg (OK)

Katica, Vicko & Nikola Marinkovic ( Children of Simun and Vinka Katica (Jun 5, 1927), Feb 15, 1929; May 25, 1935. [no Italian records]

Vladimir Lang (Osijek, Jul 26, 1932) & Miroslav Lang (Zagreb, Nov 26, 1936) [Italian records]. Children of Geza Lang and Garabela Wischnik. Refugees from Croatia. They were in Ferramonti from 30.04.1942 to the Liberation in Sept 1943.

Heinz Grun (M / Austria, Apr 30, 1936) (CDEC Yes!) Son of Leopold Grun and Franziska Offenberg. . They were sent to Sepino (near Campobasso). Moved to ROme in hiding. In July 1944 the family sailed form Naples to Fort Ontario

Josef Hazan (M / Croatia, 1934), Holocaust survivor. (Sarajevo, Dec 1, 1934) Yugoslavia. Son of Hajim and Rika Kajon. (Giuseppe) His younger brother Jack was born at Fort Ontarioon Jun 1, 1945. In 1941 they were sent to Tarzo (near Treviso). After Sept 1943 they were in hiding. In July 1944 the family sailed from Naples to Fort Ontario (CDED!)

Silvio Levy (May 8, 1928) and Erik Levy (Mar 27, 1931). Children of Leon Levy and Irene. They wished to return to Yugoslavia.

Branko Hochwald (M / Polje, Croatia, Jan 31, 1935) Yugoslavia. Son of Mane Hochwald and Jelika Stern. They were in Castelnuovo Don Bosco (AT) in 13.12.1941 and then in Ferramonti, from 27 February 1943 from until liberation in Sept 1943. (CDEC!)

Joseph Hirt (July 10, 1930) and Michael Hirt (M / Feb 19, 1934). Poland. Children of Artur and Amalia. In Jan 1943 they were sent to Rapino (Chieti). They were in hiding after Nov 1943. In July 1944 the family sailed from Naples to Fort Ontario [CDEC!]

Simon Krauthamer (M / Poland, Aug 6, 1932) Julius Krauthamer (M / Poland Oct 21, 1933) Susanna Krauthamer (F / France, May 22, 1939). Children of Naftali and Resel. [CDEC ??}

Jakov Levi (JaKov Zika Levi; Mar 11, 1935) no Father, mother Stella (???)

Walter Cohen

Pietri Albrecht (???)

Interviews to Boy Scouts

Alfred, Heinrich & Edith Rosenthal (MMF / Yugoslavia, 1932, 1934, 1936) (American records but no Italian record?)

Their father was a German prisoner (?). They were at the camp with their mother (Lida). Alfred (Jan 18, 1932), Heinrich (Apr 28, 1934( and Edith (Nov 7, 1936). They spent 3 months in an unspecified concentration camp.

David Hajon (M / Yugoslavia, 1931). Father died, Mother Rosa. Dec 14, 1931 (No CDEC)

Raymond, Silven & Claude Boni (MMM / France, 1928, 1931, 1933), Holocaust survivors. France, originally from Bulgaria. Father died, mother (Bellina). Raymond (Dec 2, 1928), Sylvain [Silven] (Nov 12, 1931) & Claude (May 15, 1933). [No Italian records] . MEMOIRS 2012: Imperfect memory : how we survived the Holocaust [Oswego, NY] : Mitchell's Speedway Press, 2014. ©2012

< [[Mirko Fussbaum (M / Yugoslavia) Father died. Mother (no CDEC record) >

< Erik Levy (M / Croatia) Both parents alive (no CDEC record) >

< [[Vlado Arnstein (M / Croatia) 00 Mother & Father brothers & sisters. Wants to go to Palestine. (no CDEC record) >

!! Slavko Schwarzenberg (M / Riga, Latvia, Apr 11, 1932). Son of Sigmund "Ziga" Schwarzenberg and Anna Blunger. Both are alive. They were at Posina (near Vicenza), then in hiding. In July 1944 the family sailed from Naples to Fort Ontario [FO! & CDEC!]

Irena Danon (June 6, 1929) Ika Danon (M / Yugoslavia, Mar 8 , 1933) Mika Danon (M / Apr. 1 1944. Children of Sima and Rasela. Father & mother alive.

Walter Grunberg (M / Italy, 1933)

List of children

See List of refugees

La partenza della nave avviene da Napoli nel luglio 1944

AA

The Adanja Family ([Joka Adanja], Sofja Adanja + 2 Children)

Mika Adanja (Jan 2, 1936) and Marela Adanja (May 18, 1939) were born in Belgrado, Serbia, to Sofja Adanja. They were in Kraljevica and then in KZ Arbe (3 Dec 43). They arrived at Fort Ontario with their mother only.

The Alaluf Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)

Moric (Moritz) Alaluf (Aug 9, 1929) and Benko (Branko) Alaluf (Apr 15, 1941) were born in Yugoslavia (?), to Alfred Alaluf and Dudun. They arrived at Fort Ontario with their parents.

The Albrecht Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)

Peter Albrecht (Sep 5, 1934) and Renata Albrecht (Jul 7, 1939) were born in Austria (?), to Herbert and Beatrice Albrecht. They arrived at Fort Ontario with their parents.

The Altarac Family (Mother, Child)

Hana Altarac (F / Yugoslavia, 1937), Holocaust survivor

The Altarac Family (Mother, 2 Children)

Belja (Deya) Altarac (Oct 27, 1932) and Dora Altarac (Oct 13, 1936) were born in Sarayevo, Bosnia, to Leone Altarac and Estera Papo. From Spalato, they were sent to Asti, Italy in December 1941. Deported to Ferramonti in May 1943, until Liberation (Sep 10, 1943). They arrived at Fort Ontario with their mother.

The Altarac Family (Hana Altarac + Child, with Uncle)

@ Laura Altarac (F / Bosnia / Italy, 1942), Holocaust survivor

Laura was born in Bassano del Grappa (9 May 42). Her family had been confined in San Nazario, Vicenza, since Nov 1941. They fled on 10 Sep 1943, going South. They survived in Central Italy until Liberation (June 1944). -- ALTARAC Laura, di NN (figlia di Hana Altarac e, forse, di Ernesto Pollacek), nata a Bassano del Grappa il 09.05.1942. Di nazionalità croata. Internata a Carpanè di San Nazario. Si allontana dal comune di internamento il 10 settembre 1943. Nell’estate 1944 raggiunge il campo di Fort Ontario negli Stati Uniti.

The Arnstein Family (Father, Mother, 3 Children)

Pavle "Paul" Arnstein (Nov 20, 1928 - 2015), Vlado "Walter" Arnstein (Feb 25, 1932), and Eva Arnstein (Jul 14, 1935) were born in Zagreb, Croatia, to Laroslav and Jelka Arnstein. They arrived at Fort Ontario with their parents.

The Autias Family (Mother, Child)

? Laura Autias (F / Yugoslavia, 1937), Holocaust survivor

Laura Autias was born Oct 6, 1937, to Flora (Atias). She arrived at Fort Ontario with her mother.

BB

The Bader Family (Father, Mother, Child)

@ Liesl Bader (F / Austria, 1931), Holocaust survivor

From Ljubljana, the family was sent to Ferramonti (31 Jul 41), where they stayed until Liberation.

The Baeder Family (Father, Mother, Child)

? Vera Baeder (F / Yugoslavia, 1932), Holocaust survivor

The Baruch Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)

@ Aneta Baruch (M / Serbia, 1922), Holocaust survivor
@ Jenny Baruch (M / Serbia, 1926), Holocaust survivor

From Spalato they were sent to San Vincenzo della Fonte (AO) on 9 Dec 1941, and then to Ferramonti (10 May 43), where they remained until Liberation.

The Bass Family (Mother, 3 Children)

From Genova, they went sent to Corleto Perticara, Potenza on 30 August 1940. They remained there until Liberation.

The Bjelic Family (Father, Mother, Child)

@ Branko Bjelic (M / Yugoslavia, 1928), Holocaust survivor

Branko Bjelic was born June 8, 1928 in Yugoslavia. Presente nel campo di Kraljevica al 13.05.1943. Then Arbe. He arrived at Fort Ontario with his parents. They departed for Yugoslavia (May 31, 1945)

The Blaustein Family (Father, Mother, Child)

? Susanna Blaustein (F / Yugoslavia, 1933), Holocaust survivor

The Bleier Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Ronald (9 Nov 42) & George (2 Feb 44). Wife deceased (Dec 29, 1944)

The Blumenkranz Family (Mother, Father, 2 Children)

Derritt (Apr 25, 1938) and Ruth (nov 13, 1943) were the children of Efraim and Bertha Goldstein. They lived in Genoa in 1940. Interned in Guardiagrele (Chieti) from Sep 1940 to Sep 1943. Survived in hiding. Arrived at Fort Ontario with their parents.

The Bokros Family (Mother, Father, 3 Children)

Paul Bokros (1928), Nelly "Neli" (1929) and Mira (1935) were the children of Filip and Alice. {no other data}

The Bonacic Family (Mother, Child)

? Ana Bonacic (F / Yugoslavia, 1936), Holocaust survivor

{no other data}

The Boni Family (Mother, 3 Children)

{no other data}

The Brenner Family (Father, Mother, Child)

@ Jakob Brenner (M / Poland, 1927), Holocaust survivor

"Jacki" Brenner. They arrived at Ferramonti from Spezzano della Sila (CS) on 28.07.1943

The Breuer Family (Father, Mother, Child)

? Diana Kay Breuer (F / Austria / USA, 1945), Holocaust survivor

{no other data}

The Bronner Family (Father, Mother, 4 Children)

{no other data}

The Buchler Family (Father, Mother, 4 Children)

From Ljubljana, they were sent to Malo, Vicenza 13 nov 1941). They fled on 14 Sep 43. They went South, surviving in hiding until Liberation (June 44). Father deceased at Fort Ontario (19 Feb 45)

CC

The Cohen Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Walter Cohen (M / Spain?, 1935), Holocaust survivor

The Cygelman Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)

DD

The Danon Family (Father, Mother, 3 Children)

The Dresdner Family (Mother, Father, 9 Children)

The Drucks Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Herbert Drucks (M / Poland, 1937), Holocaust survivor

FF

The Fajnzylberg Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Karl Fajnzylberg (M / France, 1930), Holocaust survivor

The Feilbogen Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Pietro Feilbogen (M / Austria / Italy, 1940), Holocaust survivor

The Finci Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)

The Finger Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Arnon Finger (M / Slovakia, 1940), Holocaust survivor

The Finzi Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)

The Flatau Family (Father, Mother, 2 Twins)

Fred & Rold Flatau (MM / Germany, 1931), Holocaust survivors

The Frajerman Family (Father, Mother, 3 Children)

The Franco Family (Father, Mother, 3 Children)

The Fried Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)

The Friedmann Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Anna Friedmann (F / Slovakia / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor

GG

The Gal Family (Mother, 2 Children)

The Gaon Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Zanko Gaon (M / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor

The Goldman-Lapajowker Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Liana Goldman-Lapajowker (F / Italy, 1939), Holocaust survivor

The Grin Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Paul Grin / Pavel Gruen (M / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor

Father departed for Yugoslavia (May 31, 1945)

The Gross Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Vera Gross (F / Hungary, 1935), Holocaust survivor Ferramonti

The Grun Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Heinz Grun (M / Austria, 1936), Holocaust survivor Campagna

The Grunberg Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Walter Grunberg / Walter Greenberg (M / Italy, 1933), Holocaust survivor Hidden

The Guttmann Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Renate Guttmann (F / Austria, 1937), Holocaust survivor Hidden

HH

The Hajon Family (Father, Mother, Child)

David Hajon (M / Yugoslavia, 1931), Holocaust survivor

The Hazan Family (Father, Mother, Child)

The Hendel Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children, 2 orphan nieces)

David Hendel (M / Croatia, 1928), Holocaust survivor
Ruth Hendel / Tamar Hendel-Fishman (F / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor
Jeta Hendel (F / Croatia, 1925), Holocaust survivor, niece (orphan) Hidden
Gisela Hendel (F / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor, niece (orphan) Hidden

The Hirschler Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Ivo Hirschler (M / Yugoslavia, 1934), Holocaust survivor Hidden

The Hirschsohn Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Ivo Hirschsohn (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor

The Hirt Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)

The Hochwald Family (Father, Mother, Child)

Branko Hochwald / Raymond B. Harding (M / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor Ferramonti

KK

1. Luna Kabiljo (F / Yugoslavia, 1939), Holocaust survivor

2. Silvia Kabiljo (F / Yugoslavia / USA, 1945), Holocaust survivor

3. Bruno Kaiser (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor

The Kalderon Family

Kavaja, Albania (from Mar to Sep 43). [Pizzuti]

6. Moric Kamhi (M / Yugoslavia, 1932), Holocaust survivor

7. Lela Kampos (F / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor Hidden

8. Jakov Kampos (M / Yugoslavia, 1936), Holocaust survivor Hidden
9. Luna Kampos (F / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor Hidden

The Kaufmann Family

@ 10. Eva Kaufmann (F / Germany, 1936), Holocaust survivor Hidden

Fiume (41-42) - Aprica (SO) - Rapino (Chieti) - In hiding (1 nov 43) until Liberation.

11. Renee Konforte (F / Greece, 1940), Holocaust survivor

The Kopp Family

@ 12. Theodor Kopp (M / Yugoslavia / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor Hidden

Papozze, Rovigo [Pizzuti]

The Kranz Family

@ 16. Edith Kranz (F / Austria, 1936), Holocaust survivor

Ljubljana, Slovenia - Ferramonti (31 Jul 41), until liberation [Pizzuti]

@ 20. Hermann Kremer (M / Croatia, 1930), Holocaust survivor Hidden
@ 21. Vilko Kremer (M / Croatia, 1934), Holocaust survivor Hidden

@ 22. Peter Kuttner (M / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor Ferramonti

The Kuznitzki Family

@ 23. Manfred Kuznitzki (M / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor

Casoli, Chieti (Jul40) - Lungro, Cosenza (Mar41)

LL

The Lang Family

@ 1. Vladimir Lang (M / Croatia, 1932), Holocaust survivor Ferramonti
@ 2. Miroslav Lang (M / Croatia, 1936), Holocaust survivor Ferramonti

The Langnas Family

@ 3. Josef Langnas (M / Austria, 1931), Holocaust survivor Hidden
@ 4. Bettina Langnas (F / Austria, 1936), Holocaust survivor Hidden

The Lapajowker Family

@ Liana Lapajowker (F / Italy, 1939), Holocaust survivor Melfi (Potenza) See Goldman-Lapajowker

The Lederer Family

@ 5. Ivo Lederer (M / Croatia, 1929), Holocaust survivor Hidden

6. Eva Ruth Lepehne / Eva Rosenfeld (F / Germany, 1927), Holocaust survivor

7. Netti Levi (F / Yugoslavia, 1937), Holocaust survivor

10. Sara Levi (F / Yugoslavia, 1941), Holocaust survivor

@ 11. David Levi (M / Yugoslavia, 1937), Holocaust survivor

12. Jakov Zika Levi (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor Hidden

The Levitch Family

@ 13. Leon Levitch (M / Yugoslavia, 1927), Holocaust survivor "Leone Levic"
@ 14. Manon Levitch (F / Yugoslavia, 1931), Holocaust survivor "Miriam Levic" (?)

15. Ellena Levinson (F / France, 1939), Holocaust survivor

The Lowy Family

@ 18. Maria Ruth Lowy (M / Czechia, 1933), Holocaust survivor Hidden

RR

@ # Rena Romano (F / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor now "Rena Romano Block" Ferramonti "Regina Romano"

@ # Zaharja Romano (M / Yugoslavia, 1927), Holocaust survivor Hidden "Zarie"

@ # Lavoslav Rothstein (M / Croatia, 1938), Holocaust survivor Hidden "Leopoldo"
@ # Mirjam Rothstein (F / Croatia, 1940), Holocaust survivor Hidden

SS

# Elisabeta Salzstein (F / Poland / Italy, 1939), Holocaust survivor

# Steven Schroeter (M / Germany, 1941), Holocaust survivor

@ # Slavko Schwarzenberg (M / Yugoslavia, 1932), Holocaust survivor Hidden

@ # Branko Selan (M / Croatia, 1939), Holocaust survivor Hidden

@ # Ingeborg Spitz (F / Austria, 1930), Holocaust survivor Hidden
# Silvia Spitz (F / Italy, 1940), Holocaust survivor Hidden

@# Margarita Spitzer (F / Yugoslavia, 1926), Holocaust survivor Hidden "Greta" (1928 sic!)
@ # Ernest Spitzer (M / Yugoslavia, 1928), Holocaust survivor Hidden

@ Renee Sterensis (M / Austria, 1933), Holocaust survivor See Wolken (Ferramonti)

The Strauber Family

@ # Elfrieda Strauber (F / Austria, 1932), Holocaust survivor Hidden
@ # Marian Strauber (F / Austria, 1937), Holocaust survivor Hidden

# Gertrude Striks (F / Poland, 1937), Holocaust survivor Hidden

@ # Ivan Svecenski (M / Croatia, 1928), Holocaust survivor Hidden "GIovanni"?
@ # Nevenka Svecenski (F / Croatia, 1931), Holocaust survivor Hidden

TT

# Lea Ternbach (F / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor

@ # Edna Tusak (F / Croatia / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor

WW

The Wajsbrot Family

The Waksman Family

The Weinstein Family

The Weissenberg Family

Adolfo Weissenberg (M / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor See Jankovici (Ferramonti)

The Wittenberg Family

The Sterensis Family

Renee Wolken Sterensis (M / Austria, 1933), Holocaust survivor

ZZ

The Zabotin Family

Konstantin Zabotin (M / Germany, 1928-2014), Holocaust survivor "Costantino"

The Zindorf Family

Ernica Zindorf (F / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor

Pages in category "Fort Ontario (subject)"

The following 78 pages are in this category, out of 78 total.

Difference between revisions of "Category:Fort Ontario (subject)"

Latest revision as of 15:48, 10 June 2023

Contents

Overview

The Children

USHMM

Picture (USHMM)

Interviews to Boy Scouts

List of children

AA

BB

CC

DD

FF

GG

HH

KK

LL

MM

NN

PP

RR

SS

TT

WW

ZZ

Pages in category "Fort Ontario (subject)"

1

Navigation menu

Search

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 == Overview ==
+* See [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WyAN1O3Dv7M YouTube]
 On June 12, 1944, President Franklin D. Roosevelt announced his plan to create a free port at Fort Ontario in Oswego, New York. Under this plan, 982 refugees from eighteen different countries were transported from Italy to an emergency shelter at Fort Ontario. They left from Naples, Italy, in late July 1944. On Aug. 3, 1944 the Henry Gibbins arrived at Pier 84 in the Hudson River.
@@ Line 11: / Line 13: @@
 Advocates for the refugees continually lobbied Congress and the President to allow them to stay in America. Finally, after eighteen months in the camp, President Truman permitted their legal entry into the country. The shelter closed a short time later in February 1946.
-Among the refugees were 200 children, aged 16 or younger.
+=== The Children ===
+Among the refugees were 187 children, aged 16 or younger. The largest family group were the Dresdners (from Romania).
+All children had arrived as refugees in Italy from the Balkans, with adult relatives. Many had spent the years of the war in Italian internment camps (some of the youngest were even born there). Those who were interned in Southern Italy (in [[Ferramonti]] or other camps) had being liberated in 1943 before the German occupation. Those who were in Northern or Central Italy had to spend several months in hiding before Liberation in summer 1944. Some reached Southern Italy directly from the Balkans after Sep 8, 1943.
 == USHMM ==
@@ Line 21: / Line 27: @@
 [[File:Fort Ontario Children.jpg|700px]]
-Jewish youth living at the Fort Ontario refugee shelter sing songs accompanied by an accordionist. Those pictured include [[Elfi Strauber]], [[Liesel Bader]], [[Ruth Hendel]], [[Walter Arnstein]], [[Ernest Spitzer]], [[Leo Levic]], [[Wilko Kremer]], [[David Hendel]], [[Henny Notowitz]], [[Adam Munz]], [[Fortunee Levic]], [[Paul Bokros]], [[Ivo Lederer]], [[Paul Arnstein]], [[Neli Bokros]], [[Herman Kremer]], and [[Joseph Bernard Hirt]], standing on the far left next to the American flag. The pen and ink drawing on the wall was drawn by [[Adam Munz]]. (USHMM)
+Jewish youth living at the Fort Ontario refugee shelter sing songs accompanied by an accordionist. Those pictured include [[Elfrieda Strauber (F / Austria, 1932), Holocaust survivor|Elfi Strauber]], [[Liesl Bader (F / Austria, 1931), Holocaust survivor|Liesel Bader]], [[Ruth Hendel]], [[Vlado Arnstein (M / Croatia, 1932), Holocaust survivor|Walter Arnstein]], [[Ernest Spitzer (M / Yugoslavia, 1928), Holocaust survivor|Ernest Spitzer]], [[Leo Levic]], [[Wilko Kremer]], [[David Hendel]], [[Henny Notowicz (F / Poland, 1930), Holocaust survivor|Henny Notowitz]], [[Adam Munz (M / Poland, 1927), Holocaust survivor|Adam Munz]], [[Fortunee Levic]], [[Paul Bokros (M / Yugoslavia, 1928), Holocaust survivor|Paul Bokros]], [[Ivo Lederer (M / Croatia, 1929), Holocaust survivor|Ivo Lederer]], [[Pavle Arnstein (M / Croatia, 1928), Holocaust survivor|Paul Arnstein]], [[Nelly Bokros (F / Yugoslavia, 1929), Holocaust survivor|Neli Bokros]], [[Herman Kremer]], and [[Joseph Hirt (M / Poland, 1930), Holocaust survivor|Joseph Bernard Hirt]], standing on the far left next to the American flag. The pen and ink drawing on the wall was drawn by [[Adam Munz (M / Poland, 1927), Holocaust survivor|Adam Munz]]. (USHMM)
 [[File:Fort Ontario Boy Scouts.jpg|700px]]
-Children and leaders of a Fort Ontario cub scout troop. Pictured in the front row (left to right) are [[Jakov Kampos]], [[Wilhelm Wittenberg]], [[Milan Poljokan]], [[Silvestro Wachsmann]], and [[Mika Finci]] (Miko Finzi). Pictured in the second row are [[Walter Grunberg]], [[Nikola Marinkovic]], [[Miroslav Lang]], Mr. Lawrence, Ferdinand Kaska, [[Heinz Grun]], [[Josef Hazan]], and [[Erik Levy]]. Pictured in the third row are [[Branko Hochwald]], [[Michael Hirt]]; [[Julius Krauthamer]]; possibly [[Jakov Levi]], [[Walter Cohen]], [[Pietri Albrecht]], and two unidentified boys. (USHMM)
+Children and leaders of a Fort Ontario cub scout troop. Pictured in the front row (left to right) are [[Jakov Kampos (M / Yugoslavia, 1936), Holocaust survivor|Jakov Kampos]], [[Wilhelm Wittenberg (M / Czechia, 1934), Holocaust survivor|Wilhelm Wittenberg]], [[Milan Poljokam (M / Yugoslavia, 1936), Holocaust survivor|Milan Poljokan]], [[Silvestro Wachsmann]], and [[Mika Finci (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor|Mika Finci]] (Miko Finzi). Pictured in the second row are [[Walter Grunberg]], [[Nikola Marinkovic (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor|Nikola Marinkovic]], [[Miroslav Lang (M / Croatia, 1936), Holocaust survivor|Miroslav Lang]], Mr. Lawrence, Ferdinand Kaska, [[Heinz Grun (M / Austria, 1936), Holocaust survivor|Heinz Grun]], [[Josef Hazan (M / Bosnia, 1933), Holocaust survivor|Josef Hazan]], and [[Erik Levy (M / Yugoslavia, 1931), Holocaust survivor|Erik Levy]]. Pictured in the third row are [[Branko Hochwald / Raymond B. Harding (M / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor|Branko Hochwald]], [[Michael Hirt (M / Poland, 1934), Holocaust survivor|Michael Hirt]]; [[Julius Krauthamer (M / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor|Julius Krauthamer]]; possibly [[Jakov Zika Levi (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor|Jakov Levi]], [[Walter Cohen]], [[Peter Albrecht (M / Austria, 1934), Holocaust survivor|Pietri Albrecht]], and two unidentified boys. (USHMM)
 [[File:Fort Ontario Purim Children.jpg|700px]]
-Group portrait of Jewish youth dressed in Purim costumes at the Fort Ontario refugee shelter. One of them is dressed as Adolf Hitler. Left to right (front row) [[Ivo Svencenski]], [[Jacob Broner]], unknown, unknown and [[Leo Levic]]. Second row: [[Liesel Bader]], [[Henny Notovitz]], [[Edward Levic]], [[Neva Svecenski]], [[Edith Broner]] and [[Elfi Strauber]]. Third row: [[Herman Kremer]], [[Manci Broner]], unknown, [[Lillian Danon]], [[Ralf Kuznitzki]], and [[Ivo Lederer]] in the Hitler costume. Back row: [[Dorit Reisner]], [[Ginette Cygelman]], [[Adam Munz]], [[Silvio Levy]], [[Neli Bokros]], [[Paul Bokros]], and [[Paul Arnstein]]. (USHMM)
+Group portrait of Jewish youth dressed in Purim costumes at the Fort Ontario refugee shelter. One of them is dressed as Adolf Hitler. Left to right (front row) [[Ivan Svecenski (M / Croatia, 1928), Holocaust survivor|Ivo Svencenski]], [[Jacob Bronner (M / Poland, 1931), Holocaust survivor|Jacob Broner]], unknown, unknown and [[Leon Levitch (M / Yugoslavia, 1927), Holocaust survivor|Leo Levic]]. Second row: [[Liesl Bader (F / Austria, 1931), Holocaust survivor|Liesel Bader]], [[Henny Notowicz (F / Poland, 1930), Holocaust survivor|Henny Notovitz]], [[Edward Levic]] (?), [[Nevenka Svecenski (F / Croatia, 1931), Holocaust survivor|Neva Svecenski]], [[Edith Broner]] and [[Elfrieda Strauber (F / Austria, 1932), Holocaust survivor|Elfi Strauber]]. Third row: [[Herman Kremer]], [[Manci Broner]], unknown, [[Lillian Danon]], [[Ralf Kuznitzki]], and [[Ivo Lederer (M / Croatia, 1929), Holocaust survivor|Ivo Lederer]] in the Hitler costume. Back row: [[Dorit Reisner]], [[Ginette Cygelman]], [[Adam Munz (M / Poland, 1927), Holocaust survivor|Adam Munz]], [[Silvio Levy]], [[Nelly Bokros (F / Yugoslavia, 1929), Holocaust survivor|Neli Bokros]], [[Paul Bokros (M / Yugoslavia, 1928), Holocaust survivor|Paul Bokros]], and [[Pavle Arnstein (M / Croatia, 1928), Holocaust survivor|Paul Arnstein]]. (USHMM)
@@ Line 65: / Line 71: @@
 * [[Branko Hochwald]] (M / Polje, Croatia, Jan 31, 1935) Yugoslavia. Son of Mane Hochwald and Jelika Stern. They were in Castelnuovo Don Bosco (AT) in 13.12.1941 and then in [[Ferramonti]], from 27 February 1943 from until liberation in Sept 1943. (CDEC!)
-* [[Joseph Hirt]] (July 10, 1930) and [[Michael Hirt]] (M / Feb 19, 1934). Poland. Children of Artur and Amalia. In Jan 1943 they were sent to Rapino (Chieti). They were in hiding after Nov 1943. In July 1944 the family sailed from Naples to [[Fort Ontario]] [CDEC!]
+* [[Joseph Hirt (M / Poland, 1930), Holocaust survivor|Joseph Hirt]] (July 10, 1930) and [[Michael Hirt (M / Poland, 1934), Holocaust survivor|Michael Hirt]] (M / Feb 19, 1934). Poland. Children of Artur and Amalia. In Jan 1943 they were sent to Rapino (Chieti). They were in hiding after Nov 1943. In July 1944 the family sailed from Naples to [[Fort Ontario]] [CDEC!]
 * [[Simon Krauthamer]] (M / Poland, Aug 6, 1932) [[Julius Krauthamer]] (M / Poland Oct 21, 1933) [[Susanna Krauthamer]] (F / France, May 22, 1939). Children of Naftali and Resel. [CDEC ??}
@@ Line 96: / Line 102: @@
 * [[Walter Grunberg]] (M / Italy, 1933)
-====Other children:====
-* [[Josef & Bettina Langnas (MF / Austria 1931, 1936), Holocaust survivors]]
-* [[Eva Ruth Lepehne]] / Eva Rosenfeld (F / Germany, Apr 22, 1927). Alone. No father, no mother. Born in Konigsburg. Came to Italy in 1937 with her parents. Mother died and father was sent to France where he was arrested and deported by the Germans.
-* [[Dimitri, Sonia, Peter & Gioconda Sommerburg (MFMF / Germany, 1928, 1929, 1930, 1935), Holocaust survivors]]
-They were born in Hamburg (May 10, 1928 -- Aug 11, 1929 -- Oct 26, 1900 -- Gioconda, July 30, 1935).
-Father was arrested. Their mother was artist Miriam Sommerburg (1900–1980)
-They fler to Italy.
 == List of children ==
@@ Line 118: / Line 111: @@
 ==== AA ====
-Mika Adanja (Jan 2, 1936) and Marela Adanja (May 18, 1939) were born in Yugoslavia, to Sofja Adanja. They arrived at Fort Ontario with their mother only.
+The '''Adanja''' Family ([Joka Adanja], Sofja Adanja + 2 Children)
-* 1. + [[Mika Adanja (M / Yugoslavia, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]  Mother only
+* @ [[Mika Adanja (M / Serbia, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 2. + [[Marela Adanja (F / Yugoslavia, 1939), Holocaust survivor]]
+* @ [[Marela Adanja (F / Serbia, 1939), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Mika Adanja (Jan 2, 1936) and Marela Adanja (May 18, 1939) were born in Belgrado, Serbia, to Sofja Adanja. They were in [[Kraljevica]] and then in [[KZ Arbe]] (3 Dec 43). They arrived at Fort Ontario with their mother only.
-Moric (Moritz) Alaluf (Aug 9, 1929) and Benko (Branko) Alaluf (Apr 15, 1941) were born in Yugoslavia (?), to Alfred Alaluf and Dudun. They arrived at Fort Ontario with their parents.
+The '''Alaluf''' Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)
-* 3. = [[Moric Alaluf (M / Yugoslavia, 1929), Holocaust survivor]]
+* @ [[Moric Alaluf (M / Yugoslavia, 1929), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 4. = [[Benko Alaluf (M / Yugoslavia, 1941), Holocaust survivor]]
+* @ [[Benko Alaluf (M / Yugoslavia, 1941), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Moric (Moritz) Alaluf (Aug 9, 1929) and Benko (Branko) Alaluf (Apr 15, 1941) were born in Yugoslavia (?), to Alfred Alaluf and Dudun. They arrived at Fort Ontario with their parents.
-Peter Albrecht (Sep 5, 1934) and Renata Albrecht (Jul 7, 1939) were born in Austria (?), to Herbert and Beatrice Albrecht. They arrived at Fort Ontario with their parents.
+The '''Albrecht''' Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)
-* 5. + [[Peter Albrecht (M / Austria, 1934), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Peter Albrecht (M / Austria, 1934), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 6. + [[Renata Albrecht (F / Austria, 1939), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Renata Albrecht (F / Austria, 1939), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Peter Albrecht (Sep 5, 1934) and Renata Albrecht (Jul 7, 1939) were born in Austria (?), to Herbert and Beatrice Albrecht. They arrived at Fort Ontario with their parents.
-* 7. [[Hana Altarac (F / Yugoslavia, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Altarac''' Family (Mother, Child)
+# [[Hana Altarac (F / Yugoslavia, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]
-Belja (Deya) Altarac (Oct 27, 1932) and Dora Altarac (Oct 13, 1936) were born in Sarayevo, Bosnia, to Leone Altarac and Estera Papo. They were in Asti, Italy in December 1941. Deported to [[Ferramonti]] in May 1943, until Liberation (Sep 10, 1943). They arrived at Fort Ontario with their mother.
+The '''Altarac''' Family (Mother, 2 Children)
-* 8. = [[Belja Altarac (F / Bosnia, 1932), Holocaust survivor]]
+# @ [[Belja Altarac (F / Bosnia, 1932), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 9. = [[Dora Altarac (F / Bosnia, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]
+# @ [[Dora Altarac (F / Bosnia, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Belja (Deya) Altarac (Oct 27, 1932) and Dora Altarac (Oct 13, 1936) were born in Sarayevo, Bosnia, to Leone Altarac and Estera Papo. From Spalato, they were sent to Asti, Italy in December 1941. Deported to [[Ferramonti]] in May 1943, until Liberation (Sep 10, 1943). They arrived at Fort Ontario with their mother.
-* 10. = [[Laura Altarac (F / Bosnia / Italy, 1942), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Altarac''' Family (Hana Altarac + Child, with Uncle)
+# @ [[Laura Altarac (F / Bosnia / Italy, 1942), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Laura was born in Bassano del Grappa (9 May 42). Her family had been confined in San Nazario, Vicenza, since Nov 1941. They fled on 10 Sep 1943, going South. They survived in Central Italy until Liberation (June 1944). -- ALTARAC Laura, di NN (figlia di Hana Altarac e, forse, di Ernesto Pollacek), nata a Bassano del Grappa il 09.05.1942. Di nazionalità croata. Internata a Carpanè di San Nazario. Si allontana dal comune di internamento il 10 settembre 1943. Nell’estate 1944 raggiunge il campo di Fort Ontario negli Stati Uniti.
-Pavle Arnstein (Nov 20, 1928), Vlado Arnstein (Feb 25, 1932), and Eva Arnstein (Jul 14, 1935) were born in Yugoslavia, to Laroslav and Jelka Arnstein. They arrived at Fort Ontario with their parents.
+The '''Arnstein''' Family (Father, Mother, 3 Children)
-* 11. + [[Pavle Arnstein / Paul Arnstein (M / Yugoslavia, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Pavle Arnstein (M / Croatia, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 12. + [[Vlado Arnstein / Walter Arnstein (M / Yugoslavia, 1932), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Vlado Arnstein (M / Croatia, 1932), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 13. + [[Eva Arnstein (F / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Eva Arnstein (F / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Pavle "Paul" Arnstein (Nov 20, 1928 - 2015), Vlado "Walter" Arnstein (Feb 25, 1932), and Eva Arnstein (Jul 14, 1935) were born in Zagreb, Croatia, to Laroslav and Jelka Arnstein. They arrived at Fort Ontario with their parents.
-Laura Autias was born Oct 6, 1937, to Flora (Atias). She arrived at Fort Ontario with her mother.
+The '''Autias''' Family (Mother, Child)
-* 14. + [[Laura Autias (F / Yugoslavia, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Laura Autias (F / Yugoslavia, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Laura Autias was born Oct 6, 1937, to Flora (Atias). She arrived at Fort Ontario with her mother.
 ==== BB ====
-* 1. = [[Liesl Bader (F / Austria, 1931), Holocaust survivor]] -
+The '''Bader''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# @ [[Liesl Bader (F / Austria, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
+: From Ljubljana, the family was sent to Ferramonti (31 Jul 41), where they stayed until Liberation.
-* 2. [[Vera Baeder (F / Yugoslavia, 1932), Holocaust survivor]] -
+The '''Baeder''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+* ? [[Vera Baeder (F / Yugoslavia, 1932), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 3. - [[Jenny Baruch (M / Serbia, 1926), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Baruch''' Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)
+# @ ''Aneta Baruch (M / Serbia, 1922), Holocaust survivor''
+# @ [[Jenny Baruch (M / Serbia, 1926), Holocaust survivor]]
+: From Spalato they were sent to San Vincenzo della Fonte (AO) on 9 Dec 1941, and then to [[Ferramonti]] (10 May 43), where they remained until Liberation.
-* 4. = [[Joachim Bass (M / Poland / Switzerland, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Bass''' Family (Mother, 3 Children)
-* 5. + [[Jolanda Bass (F / Poland / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor]]
+* @ [[Joachim Bass (M / Poland / Switzerland, 1931), Holocaust survivor]] (1932?)
-* 6. + [[Susanna Bass (F / Poland / United States, 1945), Holocaust survivor]]
+* @ [[Jolanda Bass (F / Poland / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor]]
+* @ [[Susanna Bass (F / Poland / United States, 1945), Holocaust survivor]]
+: From Genova, they went sent to Corleto Perticara, Potenza on 30 August 1940. They remained there until Liberation.
-Branko Bjelic was born June 8, 1928 in Yugoslavia. He arrived at Fort Ontario with his parents.
+The '''Bjelic''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
-* 7. + [[Branko Bjelic (M / Yugoslavia, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
+# @ [[Branko Bjelic (M / Yugoslavia, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Branko Bjelic was born June 8, 1928 in Yugoslavia. Presente nel campo di Kraljevica al 13.05.1943. Then Arbe. He arrived at Fort Ontario with his parents. They departed for Yugoslavia (May 31, 1945)
-* 8. + [[Susanna Blaustein (F / Yugoslavia, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Blaustein''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# ? [[Susanna Blaustein (F / Yugoslavia, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 9. + [[Ronald Bleier (M / Yugoslavia, 1942), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Bleier''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
-* 10. + [[George Bleier (M / Yugoslavia, 1942), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Ronald Bleier (M / Yugoslavia, 1942), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[George Bleier (M / Yugoslavia / Italy, 1944), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Ronald (9 Nov 42) & George (2 Feb 44). Wife deceased (Dec 29, 1944)
-Derritt (Apr 25, 1938) and Ruth (nov 13, 1943) were the children of Efraim and Bertha Goldstein. They lived in Genoa in 1940. Interned in Guardiagrele (Chieti) from Sep 1940 to Sep 1943. Survived in hiding. Arrived at Fort Ontario with their parents.
+The '''Blumenkranz''' Family (Mother, Father, 2 Children)
-* 11. = [[Derrit Blumenkranz (F / Austria, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+# @ [[Derrit Blumenkranz (F / Austria, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 12. + [[Ruth Blumenkranz (F / Austria / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor]]
+# @ [[Ruth Blumenkranz (F / Austria / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Derritt (Apr 25, 1938) and Ruth (nov 13, 1943) were the children of Efraim and Bertha Goldstein. They lived in Genoa in 1940. Interned in Guardiagrele (Chieti) from Sep 1940 to Sep 1943. Survived in hiding. Arrived at Fort Ontario with their parents.
-Paul Bokros (1928), Nelly (1929) and Mira (1935) were the children of Filip and Alice.
+The '''Bokros''' Family (Mother, Father, 3 Children)
-* 13. + [[Paul Bokros (M / Yugoslavia, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Paul Bokros (M / Yugoslavia, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 14. + [[Nelly Bokros (F / Yugoslavia, 1929), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Nelly Bokros (F / Yugoslavia, 1929), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 15. + [[Mira Bokros (F / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Mira Bokros (F / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Paul Bokros (1928), Nelly "Neli" (1929) and Mira (1935) were the children of Filip and Alice. {no other data}
-* 16. + [[Ana Bonacic (F / Yugoslavia, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Bonacic''' Family (Mother, Child)
+# ? [[Ana Bonacic (F / Yugoslavia, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]
+: {no other data}
-* 17. [[Raymond Boni (M / France, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Boni''' Family (Mother, 3 Children)
-* 18. [[Silven Boni / Sylvain Boni (M / France, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Raymond Boni (M / France, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 19. [[Claude Boni (M / France, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Silven Boni / Sylvain Boni (M / France, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Claude Boni (M / France, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
+: {no other data}
-Jakob Brenner (Feb 23, 1927) was the son of Mosè Brenner and Berta Brav. They lived in Milan in 1940. Interned in Spezzano della Sila (CS) and then Ferramonti, where they were liberated on Sep 10, 1943. Arrived at Fort Ontario with his parents.
+The '''Brenner''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
-* 20. = [[Jakob Brenner (M / Poland, 1927), Holocaust survivor]] "Jacki" Brenner,
+# @ [[Jakob Brenner (M / Poland, 1927), Holocaust survivor]]
+: "Jacki" Brenner. They arrived at Ferramonti from Spezzano della Sila (CS) on 28.07.1943
-* 21. [[Diana Kay Breuer (F / Austria / USA, 1945), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Breuer''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# ? [[Diana Kay Breuer (F / Austria / USA, 1945), Holocaust survivor]]
+: {no other data}
-* <-> [[Lilly Bronner (F / Poland, 1925), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Bronner''' Family (Father, Mother, 4 Children)
-* 22. [[Edith Bronner (F / Poland, 1926), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Lilly Bronner (F / Poland, 1925), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 23. [[Margarete Bronner (F / Poland, 1929), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Edith Bronner (F / Poland, 1926), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 24. [[Jacob Bronner (M / Poland, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Margarete Bronner (F / Poland, 1929), Holocaust survivor]]
+# ? [[Jacob Bronner (M / Poland, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
+: {no other data}
-* 25. [[Pavac Buchler (M / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Buchler''' Family (Father, Mother, 4 Children)
-* 26. [[Blanka Buchler (F / Croatia, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]
+# @ [[Pavac Buchler (M / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 27. [[Dan Buchler (M / Croatia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+# @ [[Blanka Buchler (F / Croatia, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 28. [[Hanna Buchler (F / Croatia / Italy, 1942), Holocaust survivor]]
+# @ [[Dan Buchler (M / Croatia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+# @ [[Hanna Buchler (F / Croatia / Italy, 1942), Holocaust survivor]]
+: From Ljubljana, they were sent to Malo, Vicenza 13 nov 1941). They fled on 14 Sep 43. They went South, surviving in hiding until Liberation (June 44). Father deceased at [[Fort Ontario]] (19 Feb 45)
 ==== CC ====
-* 1. [[Walter Cohen (M / Spain?, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Cohen''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+* [[Walter Cohen (M / Spain?, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 2. [[Ginette Cygelman (F / France, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Cygelman''' Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)
-* 3. [[Isidore Andre Cygelman (M / France, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]
+* [[Ginette Cygelman (F / France, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
+* [[Isidore Andre Cygelman (M / France, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]
 ==== DD ====
-* 1. = [[Isak Danon (M / Serbia, 1929), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Danon''' Family (Father, Mother, 3 Children)
-* 2. = [[Sari Danon (F / Serbia, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Isak Danon (M / Serbia, 1929), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 3. = [[Ester Danon (F / Serbia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Sari Danon (F / Serbia, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Ester Danon (F / Serbia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 4. = [[Irena Danon (F / Serbia, 1929), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Danon''' Family (Father, Mother, 3 Children)
-* 5. = [[Ica Danon (M / Serbia, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Irena Danon (F / Serbia, 1929), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 6. = [[Mika Danon (M / Serbia / Italy, 1944), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Ica Danon (M / Serbia, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Mika Danon (M / Serbia / Italy, 1944), Holocaust survivor]]
-* <-> [[Elisabeta Dresdner (F / Romania, 1925), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Dresdner''' Family (Mother, Father, 9 Children)
-* 7. [[Abraham Dresdner (M / Romania, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
+* ''Elisabeta Dresdner (F / Romania, 1925), Holocaust survivor''
-* 8. [[Isidor Dresdner (M / Romania, 1930), Holocaust survivor]]
+* [[Abraham Dresdner (M / Romania, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 9. [[Rudolf Dresdner (M / Romania, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
+* [[Isidor Dresdner (M / Romania, 1930), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 10. [[Salomon Dresdner (M / Romania, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
+* [[Rudolf Dresdner (M / Romania, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 11. [[Rosena Dresdner (F / Romania, 1934), Holocaust survivor]]
+* [[Salomon Dresdner (M / Romania, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 12. [[Josef Dresdner (M / Romania, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]
+* [[Rosena Dresdner (F / Romania, 1934), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 13. [[Paula Dresdner (F / Romania, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+* [[Josef Dresdner (M / Romania, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 14. [[Franka Dresdner (F / Romania, 1940), Holocaust survivor]]
+* [[Paula Dresdner (F / Romania, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+* [[Franka Dresdner (F / Romania, 1940), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 15. [[Herbert Drucks (M / Poland, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Drucks''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+* [[Herbert Drucks (M / Poland, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]
 ==== FF ====
-* 1. [[Karl Fajnzylberg (M / France, 1930), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Fajnzylberg''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Karl Fajnzylberg (M / France, 1930), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 2. [[Pietro Feilbogen (M / Austria / Italy, 1940), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Feilbogen''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Pietro Feilbogen (M / Austria / Italy, 1940), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 3. [[Mika Finci (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Finci''' Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)
-* 4. [[Sonja Finci (F / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+* [[Mika Finci (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+* [[Sonja Finci (F / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 5. = [[Arnon Finger (M / Slovakia, 1940), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Finger''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+* [[Arnon Finger (M / Slovakia, 1940), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 6. [[Iso Finzi (M / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Finzi''' Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)
-* 7. [[Ria Finzi (F / Yugoslavia, 1940), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Iso Finzi (M / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Ria Finzi (F / Yugoslavia, 1940), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 8-9. [[Fred & Rold Flatau (MM / Germany, 1931), Holocaust survivors]]
+The '''Flatau''' Family (Father, Mother, 2 Twins)
+# [[Fred & Rold Flatau (MM / Germany, 1931), Holocaust survivors]]
-* 10. [[Rachel Frajerman (F / Poland / Italy, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Frajerman''' Family (Father, Mother, 3 Children)
-* 11. [[Salomon Frajerman (M / Poland / Italy, 1940), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Rachel Frajerman (F / Poland / Italy, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 12. [[Jacob Frajerman (M / Poland / Italy, 1942), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Salomon Frajerman (M / Poland / Italy, 1940), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Jacob Frajerman (M / Poland / Italy, 1942), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 13. [[Rachele Franco (F / Yugoslavia, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Franco''' Family (Father, Mother, 3 Children)
-* 14. [[David Franco (M / Yugoslavia, 1939), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Rachele Franco (F / Yugoslavia, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 15. [[Miriam Franco (F / Yugoslavia / USA, 1945), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[David Franco (M / Yugoslavia, 1939), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Miriam Franco (F / Yugoslavia / USA, 1945), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 16. [[Anita Fried (F / Croatia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Fried''' Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)
-* 17. [[Aleksander Fried (M / Croatia / Italy, 1942), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Anita Fried (F / Croatia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Aleksander Fried (M / Croatia / Italy, 1942), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 18. [[Anna Friedmann (F / Slovakia / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Friedmann''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Anna Friedmann (F / Slovakia / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor]]
 ==== GG ====
-* 1. [[Charlotte Gal (F / France, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Gal''' Family (Mother, 2 Children)
-* 2. [[Albert Gal (M / France, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Charlotte Gal (F / France, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Albert Gal (M / France, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 3. [[Zanko Gaon (M / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Gaon''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Zanko Gaon (M / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 4. [[Liana Goldman-Lapajowker (F / Italy, 1939), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Goldman-Lapajowker''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Liana Goldman-Lapajowker (F / Italy, 1939), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 5. [[Paul Grin / Pavel Gruen (M / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Grin''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Paul Grin / Pavel Gruen (M / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Father departed for Yugoslavia (May 31, 1945)
-* @ 6. [[Vera Gross (F / Hungary, 1935), Holocaust survivor]] Ferramonti
+The '''Gross''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Vera Gross (F / Hungary, 1935), Holocaust survivor]] Ferramonti
-* 7. [[Heinz Grun (M / Austria, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]  Campagna
+The '''Grun''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Heinz Grun (M / Austria, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]  Campagna
-* 8. [[Walter Grunberg / Walter Greenberg (M / Italy, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
+The '''Grunberg''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Walter Grunberg / Walter Greenberg (M / Italy, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
-* @ 9. [[Renate Guttmann (F / Austria, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
+The '''Guttmann''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Renate Guttmann (F / Austria, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
 ==== HH ====
-* 1. [[David Hajon (M / Yugoslavia, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Hajon''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[David Hajon (M / Yugoslavia, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
-* @ 2. [[Josef Hazan (M / Bosnia, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Hazan''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
-* 3. [[Jack Hazan (M / Bosnia / USA, 1945), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Josef Hazan (M / Bosnia, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Jack Hazan (M / Bosnia / USA, 1945), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 4. [[David Hendel (M / Croatia, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Hendel''' Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children, 2 orphan nieces)
-* 5. [[Ruth Hendel / Tamar Hendel-Fishman (F / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[David Hendel (M / Croatia, 1928), Holocaust survivor]]
-* @ 6. [[Jeta Hendel (F / Croatia, 1925), Holocaust survivor]], niece (orphan)   Hidden
+# [[Ruth Hendel / Tamar Hendel-Fishman (F / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
-* @ 7. [[Gisela Hendel (F / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]], niece (orphan)  Hidden
+# [[Jeta Hendel (F / Croatia, 1925), Holocaust survivor]], niece (orphan)   Hidden
+# [[Gisela Hendel (F / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]], niece (orphan)  Hidden
-* 8. [[Ivo Hirschler (M / Yugoslavia, 1934), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
+The '''Hirschler''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Ivo Hirschler (M / Yugoslavia, 1934), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
-* 9. [[Ivo Hirschsohn (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Hirschsohn''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Ivo Hirschsohn (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
-* @ 10. [[Josef Hirt (M / Poland, 1930), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
+The '''Hirt''' Family (Father, Mother, 2 Children)
-* @ 11. [[Michael Hirt (M / Poland, 1934), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
+# [[Joseph Hirt (M / Poland, 1930), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
+# [[Michael Hirt (M / Poland, 1934), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
-* @ 12. [[Branko Hochwald / Raymond B. Harding (M / Poland, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]   Ferramonti
+The '''Hochwald''' Family (Father, Mother, Child)
+# [[Branko Hochwald / Raymond B. Harding (M / Croatia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]   Ferramonti
 ==== KK ====
@@ Line 302: / Line 361: @@
 * 3. [[Bruno Kaiser (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
-* 4. [[Simon Kalderon (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]] Hidden
+The '''Kalderon''' Family
-* 5. [[Flora Kalderon (F / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]] Hidden
+# [[Simon Kalderon (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]] Hidden
+# [[Flora Kalderon (F / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]] Hidden
+: Kavaja, Albania (from Mar to Sep 43). [Pizzuti]
 * 6. [[Moric Kamhi (M / Yugoslavia, 1932), Holocaust survivor]]
@@ Line 312: / Line 373: @@
 * 9. [[Luna Kampos (F / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]] Hidden
-* @ 10. [[Eva Kaufmann (F / Germany, 1936), Holocaust survivor]] Hidden
+The '''Kaufmann''' Family
+* @ 10. [[Eva Kaufmann (F / Germany, 1936), Holocaust survivor]] Hidden
+: Fiume (41-42) - Aprica (SO) - Rapino (Chieti) - In hiding (1 nov 43) until Liberation.
 * 11. [[Renee Konforte (F / Greece, 1940), Holocaust survivor]]
-* @ 12. [[Theodor Kopp (M / Yugoslavia / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
+The '''Kopp''' Family
+* @ 12. [[Theodor Kopp (M / Yugoslavia / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
+: Papozze, Rovigo [Pizzuti]
 * 13. [[Stella Kouzouca (F / Greece, 1939), Holocaust survivor]]
@@ Line 322: / Line 387: @@
 * 15. [[Evangela Kouzouca (F / Greece, 1941), Holocaust survivor]]
-* @ 16. [[Edith Kranz (F / Austria, 1936), Holocaust survivor]] Ferramonti
+The '''Kranz''' Family
+* @ 16. [[Edith Kranz (F / Austria, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]
+: Ljubljana, Slovenia - Ferramonti (31 Jul 41), until liberation [Pizzuti]
 * 17. [[Zigmund Krauthamer / Simon Krauthamer (M / Germany, 1932), Holocaust survivor]]
@@ Line 333: / Line 400: @@
 * @ 22. [[Peter Kuttner (M / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor]] Ferramonti
-* @ 23. [[Manfred Kuznitzki (M / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor]] Lungro cosenza
+The '''Kuznitzki''' Family
+* @ 23. [[Manfred Kuznitzki (M / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor]]
+:Casoli, Chieti (Jul40) - Lungro, Cosenza (Mar41)
 ==== LL ====
+The '''Lang''' Family
 * @ 1. [[Vladimir Lang (M / Croatia, 1932), Holocaust survivor]] Ferramonti
 * @ 2. [[Miroslav Lang (M / Croatia, 1936), Holocaust survivor]] Ferramonti
+The '''Langnas''' Family
 * @ 3. [[Josef Langnas (M / Austria, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
 * @ 4. [[Bettina Langnas (F / Austria, 1936), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
+The '''Lapajowker''' Family
 * @ [[Liana Lapajowker (F / Italy, 1939), Holocaust survivor]]   Melfi (Potenza) See Goldman-Lapajowker
+The '''Lederer''' Family
 * @ 5. [[Ivo Lederer (M / Croatia, 1929), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
@@ Line 360: / Line 433: @@
 * 12. [[Jakov Zika Levi (M / Yugoslavia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]  Hidden
+The '''Levitch''' Family
 * @ 13. [[Leon Levitch (M / Yugoslavia, 1927), Holocaust survivor]]  "Leone Levic"
 * @ 14. [[Manon Levitch (F / Yugoslavia, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]  "Miriam Levic" (?)
@@ Line 368: / Line 442: @@
 * 17. [[Erik Levy (M / Yugoslavia, 1931), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Lowy''' Family
 * @ 18. [[Maria Ruth Lowy (M / Czechia, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
@@ Line 482: / Line 557: @@
 * @ [[Renee Sterensis (M / Austria, 1933), Holocaust survivor]] See Wolken (Ferramonti)
+The '''Strauber''' Family
 * @ # [[Elfrieda Strauber (F / Austria, 1932), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
 * @ # [[Marian Strauber (F / Austria, 1937), Holocaust survivor]]   Hidden
@@ Line 498: / Line 574: @@
 ==== WW ====
-* # [[Paul Wajsbrot (M / French, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Wajsbrot''' Family
-* # [[Josef Wajsbrot (M / Poland / United States, 1945), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Paul Wajsbrot (M / French, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Josef Wajsbrot (M / Poland / United States, 1945), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Waksman''' Family
 * # [[Samuel Waksman (M / Poland, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
 * # [[Andre Waksman (M / Poland, 1943), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Weinstein''' Family
 * # [[Miriam Weinstein (F / Czechia, 1926), Holocaust survivor]]
 * # [[Bernard Weinstein (M / Czechia, 1930), Holocaust survivor]]
@@ Line 510: / Line 589: @@
 * # [[Nathan Weinstein (M / Czechia, 1935), Holocaust survivor]]
-* @ # [[Adolfo Weissenberg (M / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor]]  See Jankovici (Ferramonti)
+The '''Weissenberg''' Family
+# [[Adolfo Weissenberg (M / Italy, 1943), Holocaust survivor]]  See Jankovici (Ferramonti)
-* @ # [[Paul Wittenberg (M / Czechia, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Wittenberg''' Family
-* @ # [[Wilhelm Wittenberg (M / Czechia, 1934), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Paul Wittenberg (M / Czechia, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
+# [[Wilhelm Wittenberg (M / Czechia, 1934), Holocaust survivor]]
-* # [[Renee Wolken Sterensis (M / Austria, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Sterensis''' Family
+# [[Renee Wolken Sterensis (M / Austria, 1933), Holocaust survivor]]
 ==== ZZ ====
-* @ 1. [[Konstantin Zabotin (M / Germany, 1928-2014), Holocaust survivor]] "Costantino"
+The '''Zabotin''' Family
+# [[Konstantin Zabotin (M / Germany, 1928-2014), Holocaust survivor]] "Costantino"
-* 2. [[Ernica Zindorf (F / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]
+The '''Zindorf''' Family
+# [[Ernica Zindorf (F / Yugoslavia, 1938), Holocaust survivor]]