Difference between revisions of "Category:Languages"

From 4 Enoch: : The Online Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism, and Christian and Islamic Origins
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The page: '''Languages''' lists (in alphabetical order) the many languages of scholarly and fictional works in the field of Second Temple Judaism (Jewish, Christian and Islamic Origins), from the mid-15th century to the present.  
The page: '''Languages''' lists (in alphabetical order) the many languages of scholarly and fictional works in the field of Second Temple Judaism (Jewish, Christian and Islamic Origins), from the mid-15th century to the present.  
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* '''[[Languages]]''' : [[English language|English]] -- [[French language|French]] -- [[German language|German]] -- [[Italian language|Italian]] -- [[Spanish language|Spanish]] -//- [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] -- [[Albanian language|Albanian]] -- [[Arabic language|Arabic]] -- [[Armenian language|Armenian]] -- [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] -- [[Catalan language|Catalan]] -- [[Chinese language|Chinese]] -- [[Croatian language|Croatian]] -- [[Czech language|Czech]] -- [[Danish language|Danish]] -- [[Dutch language|Dutch]] -- [[Estonian language|Estonian]] -- [[Farsi language|Farsi]] -- [[Finnish language|Finnish]] -- [[Flemish language|Flemish]] -- [[Greek language|Greek]] -- [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] -- [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] -- [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] -- [[Japanese language|Japanese]] -- [[Korean language|Korean]] -- [[Latin language|Latin]] -- [[Latvian language|Latvian]] -- [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] -- [[Maltese language|Maltese]] -- [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] -- [[Polish language|Polish]] -- [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] -- [[Romanian language|Romanian]] -- [[Russian language|Russian]] -- [[Serbian language|Serbian]] -- [[Slovak language|Slovak]] -- [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] -- [[Swedish language|Swedish]] -- [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] -- [[Welsh language|Welsh]] -- [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]  
* '''[[Languages]]''' : [[English language|English]] -- [[French language|French]] -- [[German language|German]] -- [[Italian language|Italian]] -- [[Spanish language|Spanish]] -//- [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] -- [[Albanian language|Albanian]] -- [[Arabic language|Arabic]] -- [[Armenian language|Armenian]] -- [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] -- [[Catalan language|Catalan]] -- [[Chinese language|Chinese]] -- [[Croatian language|Croatian]] -- [[Czech language|Czech]] -- [[Danish language|Danish]] -- [[Dutch language|Dutch]] -- [[Estonian language|Estonian]] -- [[Farsi language|Farsi]] -- [[Finnish language|Finnish]] -- [[Flemish language|Flemish]] -- [[Greek language|Greek]] -- [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] -- [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] -- [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] -- [[Japanese language|Japanese]] -- [[Korean language|Korean]] -- [[Latin language|Latin]] -- [[Latvian language|Latvian]] -- [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] -- [[Maltese language|Maltese]] -- [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] -- [[Polish language|Polish]] -- [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] -- [[Romanian language|Romanian]] -- [[Russian language|Russian]] -- [[Serbian language|Serbian]] -- [[Slovak language|Slovak]] -- [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] -- [[Swedish language|Swedish]] -- [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] -- [[Welsh language|Welsh]] -- [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]  


* '''[[Timeline]]''' : [[2020s]] -- [[2010s]] -- [[2000s]] -- [[1990s]] -- [[1980s]] -- [[1970s]] -- [[1960s]] -- [[1950s]] -- [[1940s]] -- [[1930s]] -- [[1920s]] -- [[1910s]] -- [[1900s]] -- [[1850s]] -- [[1800s]] -- [[1700s]] -- [[1600s]] -- [[1500s]] -- [[1450s]]
* '''[[Timeline]]''' : [[2020s]] -- [[2010s]] -- [[2000s]] -- [[1990s]] -- [[1980s]] -- [[1970s]] -- [[1960s]] -- [[1950s]] -- [[1940s]] -- [[1930s]] -- [[1920s]] -- [[1910s]] -- [[1900s]] -- [[1850s]] -- [[1800s]] -- [[1700s]] -- [[1600s]] -- [[1500s]] -- [[1450s]] -- [[Medieval]]  
 
}}
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In the Middle Ages and Early modern times Latin was the international language of scholarship in Europe, also in the study of Jewish, Christian and Islamic Origins. The vernacular languages had at first more relevance in the development of national literature, poetry and dramas. Italian in particular established itself in the 17th and 18th centuries as the international language of music and opera. If the emergence of national schools can be traced back to the Reformation, it was the Enlightenment and the Napoleon Era that launched French as the new international language of scholarship and caused the rapid demise of Latin. In the 19th and early 20th century German and English also raised as distinguished languages in the critical historical and philological study of the Bible. After World War II and especially with the computer revolution of the 1990s, English has established itself as the dominant world language, while the globalization of higher education has stimulated the production of works in countries and languages that never before had a tradition in the field, and even boosted the international usage of languages (like Spanish) which are rooted in the some of the most dynamic emerging countries.
In the Middle Ages and Early modern times Latin was the international language of scholarship in Europe, also in the study of Jewish, Christian and Islamic Origins. The vernacular languages had at first more relevance in the development of national literature, poetry and dramas. Italian in particular established itself in the 17th and 18th centuries as the international language of music and opera. If the emergence of national schools can be traced back to the Reformation, it was the Enlightenment and the Napoleon Era that launched French as the new international language of scholarship and caused the rapid demise of Latin. In the 19th and early 20th century German and English also raised as distinguished languages in the critical historical and philological study of the Bible. After World War II and especially with the computer revolution of the 1990s, English has established itself as the dominant world language, while the globalization of higher education has stimulated the production of works in countries and languages that never before had a tradition in the field, and even boosted the international usage of languages (like Spanish) which are rooted in the some of the most dynamic emerging countries.
}}
}}
{{WindowMain
{{WindowMain
  |title= [[Translations]]
  |title= Scholarship
  |backgroundLogo= Bluebg_rounded_croped.png
  |backgroundLogo= Bluebg_rounded_croped.png
  |logo= contents.png
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  |content= [[File:Translate.jpg|thumb|280px]]
  |content= [[File:Fields research.jpg|thumb|250px]]


'''[[Timeline]]''' : [[2020s]] -- [[2010s]] -- [[2000s]] -- [[1990s]] -- [[1980s]] -- [[1970s]] -- [[1960s]] -- [[1950s]] -- [[1940s]] -- [[1930s]] -- [[1920s]] -- [[1910s]] -- [[1900s]] -- [[1850s]] -- [[1800s]] -- [[1700s]] -- [[1600s]] -- [[1500s]] -- [[1400s]] -- [[Medieval]]


''Timeline'' : [[:Category:Translations--2010s|2010s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--2000s|2000s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1990s|1990s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1980s|1980s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1970s|1970s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1960s|1960s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1950s|1950s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1940s|1940s]] --  [[:Category:Translations--1930s|1930s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1920s|1920s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1910s|1910s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1900s|1900s]] --  [[:Category:Translations--1850s|1850s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1800s|1800s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1700s|1700s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1600s|1600s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1500s|1500s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1400s|1400s]]
'''[[Fields of research]]''' : [[Apocalyptic Studies]] -- [[Archaeology]] -- [[Bible Studies]] -- [[Christian Origins Studies]] -- [[Early Christian Studies]] -- [[Early Islamic Studies]] -- [[Early Jewish Studies]] -- [[Early Samaritan Studies]] -- [[Enochic Studies]] -- [[Gospels Studies]] -- [[Hebrew Bible Studies]] -- [[Hellenistic-Jewish Studies]] -- [[Historical Jesus Studies]] -- [[Johannine Studies]] -- [[Josephus Studies]] -- [[New Testament Studies]] -- [[NT Apocrypha Studies]] -- [[Qumran Studies]] -- [[OT Apocrypha Studies]] -- [[OT Pseudepigrapha Studies]] -- [[Pauline Studies]] -- [[Petrine Studies]] -- [[Philo Studies]] -- [[Reception History]] -- [[Second Temple Studies]] -- [[Septuagint Studies]] -- [[Wisdom Studies]] -- [[Women's Studies]]
 
 
''From'' : [[:Category:Translated from Armenian|Armenian]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Danish|Danish]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Dutch|Dutch]] -- [[:Category:Translated from English|English]] -- [[:Category:Translated from French|French]] -- [[:Category:Translated from German|German]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Hebrew|Hebrew]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Hungarian|Hungarian]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Italian|Italian]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Latin|Latin]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Portuguese|Portuguese]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Russian|Russian]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Spanish|Spanish]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Swedish|Swedish]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Yiddish|Yiddish]]
 
 
''Into'' : [[:Category:Translated into Armenian|Armenian]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Bulgarian|Bulgarian]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Czech|Czech]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Danish|Danish]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Dutch|Dutch]] -- [[:Category:Translated into English|English]] -- [[:Category:Translated into French|French]] -- [[:Category:Translated into German|German]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Hebrew|Hebrew]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Hungarian|Hungarian]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Italian|Italian]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Japanese|Japanese]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Korean|Korean]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Latin|Latin]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Polish|Polish]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Portuguese|Portuguese]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Romanian|Romanian]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Russian|Russian]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Spanish|Spanish]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Swedish|Swedish]] -- [[:Category:Translated into Yiddish|Yiddish]]  
}}
}}
{{WindowMain
{{WindowMain
  |title= Fields of research
  |title= [[Fiction]]
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  |logo= contents.png
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  |content= [[File:Thinking.jpg|thumb|250px]]
 
 
''Timeline'' : [[2020s]] -- [[2010s]] -- [[2000s]] -- [[1990s]] -- [[1980s]] -- [[1970s]] -- [[1960s]] -- [[1950s]] -- [[1940s]] -- [[1930s]] -- [[1920s]] -- [[1910s]] -- [[1900s]] -- [[1850s]] -- [[1800s]] -- [[1700s]] -- [[1600s]] -- [[1500s]] -- [[1400s]] -- [[PreModern]] -- [[Medieval]]  


'''[[Timeline]]''' : [[:Category:Fiction--2010s|2010s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--2000s|2000s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1990s|1990s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1980s|1980s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1970s|1970s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1960s|1960s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1950s|1950s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1940s|1940s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1930s|1930s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1920s|1920s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1910s|1910s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1900s|1900s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1850s|1850s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1800s|1800s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1700s|1700s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1600s|1600s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1500s|1500s]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--1450s|1450s]] -- [[Fiction|Home]]


''Fields of research'' : [[:Category:Second Temple Studies|Second Temple Studies]] -- [[:Category:Enochic Studies|Enochic Studies]] -- [[:Category:Apocalyptic Studies|Apocalyptic Studies]] -- [[:Category:Qumran Studies|Qumran Studies]] -- [[:Category:OT Apocrypha Studies|OT Apocrypha Studies]] -- [[:Category:Wisdom Studies|Wisdom Studies]] -- [[:Category:OT Pseudepigrapha Studies|OT Pseudepigrapha Studies]] -- [[:Category:Hellenistic-Jewish Studies|Hellenistic-Jewish Studies]] -- [[:Category:Philo Studies|Philo Studies]] -- [[:Category:Josephus Studies|Josephus Studies]] -- [[:Category:Historical Jesus Studies|Historical Jesus Studies]] -- [[:Category:Pauline Studies|Pauline Studies]] -- [[:Category:Johannine Studies|Johannine Studies]] -- [[:Category:Petrine Studies|Petrine Studies]] -- [[:Category:Gospels Studies|Gospels Studies]] -- [[:Category:Christian Origins Studies|Christian Origins Studies]] -- [[:Category:New Testament Studies|New Testament Studies]] -- [[:Category:Early Christian Studies|Early Christian Studies]] -- [[:Category:Early Jewish Studies|Early Jewish Studies]] -- [[:Category:Early Islamic Studies|Early Islamic Studies]] -- [[:Category:Early Samaritan Studies|Early Samaritan Studies]] -- [[:Category:Hebrew Bible Studies|Hebrew Bible Studies]]  
'''[[Languages]]''' : [[:Category:Fiction--English|English]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--French|French]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--German|German]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Italian|Italian]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Spanish|Spanish]] -/- [[:Category:Fiction--Afrikaans‏‎|Afrikaans‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Albanian‏‎|Albanian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--|Catalan‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--|Chinese‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Croatian‏‎|Croatian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Czech‏‎|Czech‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Danish‏‎|Danish‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Dutch‏‎|Dutch‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Filipino‏‎|Filipino‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Greek‏‎|Greek‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Hebrew‏‎|Hebrew‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Hungarian‏‎|Hungarian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Icelandic‏‎|Icelandic‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Japanese‏‎|Japanese‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Latin‏|Latin‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Norwegian‏‎|Norwegian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Polish‏‎|Polish‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Portuguese‏‎|Portuguese‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Romanian‏|Romanian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Russian‏‎|Russian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Serbian‏‎|Serbian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Slovenian‏‎|Slovenian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Spanish‏‎|Spanish‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Swedish|Swedish]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Welsh‏‎|Welsh‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Yiddish‏‎|Yiddish‏‎]]
}}
}}
{{WindowMain
{{WindowMain
  |title= [[Fiction]]  
  |title= [[Translations]]
  |backgroundLogo= Bluebg_rounded_croped.png
  |backgroundLogo= Bluebg_rounded_croped.png
  |logo= contents.png
  |logo= contents.png
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  |content= [[File:Translate.jpg|thumb|250px]]


'''[[Timeline]]''' : [[:Category:Translations--2010s|2010s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--2000s|2000s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1990s|1990s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1980s|1980s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1970s|1970s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1960s|1960s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1950s|1950s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1940s|1940s]] --  [[:Category:Translations--1930s|1930s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1920s|1920s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1910s|1910s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1900s|1900s]] --  [[:Category:Translations--1850s|1850s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1800s|1800s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1700s|1700s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1600s|1600s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1500s|1500s]] -- [[:Category:Translations--1400s|1400s]]


''Timeline'' : [[:Category:Fiction--2010s|2010s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 2010s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--2000s|2000s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 2000s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1990s|1990s]]  ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1990s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1980s|1980s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1980s|Top]])  -- [[:Category:Fiction--1970s|1970s]]  ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1970s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1960s|1960s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1960s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1950s|1950s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1950s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1940s|1940s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1940s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1930s|1930s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1930s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1920s|1920s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1920s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1910s|1910s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1910s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1900s|1900s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1900s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1850s|1850s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1850s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1800s|1800s]]  ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1850s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1700s|1700s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1700s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1600s|1600s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1600s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1500s|1500s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1500s|Top]]) -- [[:Category:Fiction--1400s|1400s]] ([[:Category:Fiction--Top 1400s|Top]])
''''From''' : [[:Category:Translated from Armenian|Armenian]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Danish|Danish]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Dutch|Dutch]] -- [[:Category:Translated from English|English]] -- [[:Category:Translated from French|French]] -- [[:Category:Translated from German|German]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Hebrew|Hebrew]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Hungarian|Hungarian]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Italian|Italian]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Latin|Latin]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Portuguese|Portuguese]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Russian|Russian]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Spanish|Spanish]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Swedish|Swedish]] -- [[:Category:Translated from Yiddish|Yiddish]]  
 
 
''Languages'' : [[:Category:Fiction--English|English]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--French|French]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--German|German]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Italian|Italian]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Spanish|Spanish]] -/- [[:Category:Fiction--Afrikaans‏‎|Afrikaans‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Albanian‏‎|Albanian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--|Catalan‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--|Chinese‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Croatian‏‎|Croatian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Czech‏‎|Czech‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Danish‏‎|Danish‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Dutch‏‎|Dutch‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Filipino‏‎|Filipino‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Greek‏‎|Greek‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Hebrew‏‎|Hebrew‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Hungarian‏‎|Hungarian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Icelandic‏‎|Icelandic‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Japanese‏‎|Japanese‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Latin‏|Latin‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Norwegian‏‎|Norwegian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Polish‏‎|Polish‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Portuguese‏‎|Portuguese‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Romanian‏|Romanian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Russian‏‎|Russian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Serbian‏‎|Serbian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Slovenian‏‎|Slovenian‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Spanish‏‎|Spanish‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Swedish|Swedish]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Welsh‏‎|Welsh‏‎]] -- [[:Category:Fiction--Yiddish‏‎|Yiddish‏‎]]
}}
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[[File:German dictionary.jpg|140px]] [[File:German dictionary2.jpg|135px]]


[[:Category:German language--2010s|2010s]] -- [[:Category:German language--2000s|2000s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1990s|1990s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1980s|1980s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1970s|1970s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1960s|1960s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1950s|1950s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1940s|1940s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1930s|1930s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1920s|1920s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1910s|1910s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1900s|1900s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1850s|1850s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1800s|1800s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1700s|1700s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1600s|1600s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1500s|1500s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1400s|1450s]]
[[:Category:German language--2010s|2010s]] -- [[:Category:German language--2000s|2000s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1990s|1990s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1980s|1980s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1970s|1970s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1960s|1960s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1950s|1950s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1940s|1940s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1930s|1930s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1920s|1920s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1910s|1910s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1900s|1900s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1850s|1850s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1800s|1800s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1700s|1700s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1600s|1600s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1500s|1500s]] -- [[:Category:German language--1400s|1450s]]
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== Language codes - Sorted by code ==
* Zulu zu zul zoulou
* Zhuang; Chuang za zha zhuang; chuang
* Yoruba yo yor yoruba
* Yiddish yi yid yiddish
* Xhosa xh xho xhosa
* Wolof wo wol wolof
* Western Frisian fy fry frison occidental
* Welsh cy wel gallois
* Walloon wa wln wallon
* Volapük vo vol volapük
* Vietnamese vi vie vietnamien
* Venda ve ven venda
* Uzbek uz uzb ouszbek
* Urdu ur urd ourdou
* Ukrainian uk ukr ukrainien
* Uighur; Uyghur ug uig ouïgour
* Twi tw twi twi
* Turkmen tk tuk turkmène
* Turkish tr tur turc
* Tswana tn tsn tswana
* Tsonga ts tso tsonga
* Tonga (Tonga Islands) to ton tongan (Îles Tonga)
* Tigrinya ti tir tigrigna
* Tibetan bo tib tibétain
* Thai th tha thaï
* Telugu te tel télougou
* Tatar tt tat tatar
* Tamil ta tam tamoul
* Tajik tg tgk tadjik
* Tahitian ty tah tahitien
* Tagalog tl tgl tagalog
* Swedish sv swe suédois
* Swati ss ssw swati
* Swahili sw swa swahili
* Sundanese su sun soundanais
* Spanish; Castilian es spa espagnol; castillan
* Sotho, Southern st sot sotho du Sud
* Somali so som somali
* Slovenian sl slv slovène
* Slovak sk slo slovaque
* Sinhala; Sinhalese si sin singhalais
* Sindhi sd snd sindhi
* Sichuan Yi; Nuosu ii iii yi de Sichuan
* Shona sn sna shona
* Serbian sr srp serbe
* Sardinian sc srd sarde
* Sanskrit sa san sanskrit
* Sango sg sag sango
* Samoan sm smo samoan
* Russian ru rus russe
* Rundi rn run rundi
* Romansh rm roh romanche
* Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan ro rum roumain; moldave
* Quechua qu que quechua
* Pushto; Pashto ps pus pachto
* Portuguese pt por portugais
* Polish pl pol polonais
* Persian fa per persan
* Panjabi; Punjabi pa pan pendjabi
* Pali pi pli pali
* Ossetian; Ossetic os oss ossète
* Oromo om orm galla
* Oriya or ori oriya
* Ojibwa oj oji ojibwa
* Occitan (post 1500) oc oci occitan (après 1500)
* Norwegian Nynorsk nn nno norvégien nynorsk; nynorsk, norvégien
* Norwegian Bokmål nb nob norvégien bokmål
* Norwegian no nor norvégien
* Northern Sami se sme sami du Nord
* Nepali ne nep népalais
* Ndonga ng ndo ndonga
* Ndebele, South; South Ndebele nr nbl ndébélé du Sud
* Ndebele, North; North Ndebele nd nde ndébélé du Nord
* Navajo; Navaho nv nav navaho
* Nauru na nau nauruan
* Mongolian mn mon mongol
* Marshallese mh mah marshall
* Marathi mr mar marathe
* Maori mi mao maori
* Manx gv glv manx; mannois
* Maltese mt mlt maltais
* Malayalam ml mal malayalam
* Malay ms may malais
* Malagasy mg mlg malgache
* Macedonian mk mac macédonien
* Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch lb ltz luxembourgeois
* Luba-Katanga lu lub luba-katanga
* Lithuanian lt lit lituanien
* Lingala ln lin lingala
* Limburgan; Limburger; Limburgish li lim limbourgeois
* Latvian lv lav letton
* Latin la lat latin
* Lao lo lao lao
* Kurdish ku kur kurde
* Kuanyama; Kwanyama kj kua kuanyama; kwanyama
* Korean ko kor coréen
* Kongo kg kon kongo
* Komi kv kom kom
* Kirghiz; Kyrgyz ky kir kirghiz
* Kinyarwanda rw kin rwanda
* Kikuyu; Gikuyu ki kik kikuyu
* Kazakh kk kaz kazakh
* Kashmiri ks kas kashmiri
* Kanuri kr kau kanouri
* Kannada kn kan kannada
* Kalaallisut; Greenlandic kl kal groenlandais
* Javanese jv jav javanais
* Japanese ja jpn japonais
* Italian it ita italien
* Irish ga gle irlandais
* Inupiaq ik ipk inupiaq
* Inuktitut iu iku inuktitut
* Interlingue; Occidental ie ile interlingue
* Interlingua ia ina interlingua
* Indonesian id ind indonésien
* Igbo ig ibo igbo
* Ido io ido ido
* Icelandic is ice islandais
* Hungarian hu hun hongrois
* Hiri Motu ho hmo hiri motu
* Hindi hi hin hindi
* Herero hz her herero
* Hebrew he heb hébreu
* Hausa ha hau haoussa
* Haitian; Haitian Creole ht hat haïtien; créole haïtien
* Gujarati gu guj goudjrati
* Guarani gn grn guarani
* Greek, Modern (1453-) el gre grec moderne (après 1453)
* German de ger allemand
* Georgian ka geo géorgien
* Ganda lg lug ganda
* Galician gl glg galicien
* Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic gd gla gaélique; gaélique écossais
* Fulah ff ful peul
* French fr fre français
* Finnish fi fin finnois
* Fijian fj fij fidjien
* Faroese fo fao féroïen
* Ewe ee ewe éwé
* Estonian et est estonien
* Esperanto eo epo espéranto
* English en eng anglais
* Dzongkha dz dzo dzongkha
* Dutch; Flemish nl dut néerlandais; flamand
* Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian dv div maldivien
* Danish da dan danois
* Czech cs cze tchèque
* Croatian hr hrv croate
* Cree cr cre cree
* Corsican co cos corse
* Cornish kw cor cornique
* Chuvash cv chv tchouvache
* Church Slavic; Slavonic;
* Old Bulgarian cu chu slavon d'église; slavon liturgique;
* vieux bulgare
* Chinese zh chi chinois
* Chichewa; Chewa; Nyanja ny nya chichewa; chewa; nyanja
* Chechen ce che tchétchène
* Chamorro ch cha chamorro
* Central Khmer km khm khmer central
* Catalan; Valencian ca cat catalan; valencien
* Burmese my bur birman
* Bulgarian bg bul bulgare
* Breton br bre breton
* Bosnian bs bos bosniaque
* Bislama bi bis bichlamar
* Bihari languages bh bih langues biharis
* Bengali bn ben bengali
* Belarusian be bel biélorusse
* Basque eu baq basque
* Bashkir ba bak bachkir
* Bambara bm bam bambara
* Azerbaijani az aze azéri
* Aymara ay aym aymara
* Avestan ae ave avestique
* Avaric av ava avar
* Assamese as asm assamais
* Armenian hy arm arménien
* Aragonese an arg aragonais
* Arabic ar ara arabe
* Amharic am amh amharique
* Albanian sq alb albanais
* Akan ak aka akan
* Afrikaans af afr afrikaans
* Afar aa aar afar
* Abkhazian ab abk abkhaze

Latest revision as of 03:51, 12 May 2024

Languages (Home Page)
Languages (Home Page)
Languages.jpg

The page: Languages lists (in alphabetical order) the many languages of scholarly and fictional works in the field of Second Temple Judaism (Jewish, Christian and Islamic Origins), from the mid-15th century to the present.

Overview
Overview

In the Middle Ages and Early modern times Latin was the international language of scholarship in Europe, also in the study of Jewish, Christian and Islamic Origins. The vernacular languages had at first more relevance in the development of national literature, poetry and dramas. Italian in particular established itself in the 17th and 18th centuries as the international language of music and opera. If the emergence of national schools can be traced back to the Reformation, it was the Enlightenment and the Napoleon Era that launched French as the new international language of scholarship and caused the rapid demise of Latin. In the 19th and early 20th century German and English also raised as distinguished languages in the critical historical and philological study of the Bible. After World War II and especially with the computer revolution of the 1990s, English has established itself as the dominant world language, while the globalization of higher education has stimulated the production of works in countries and languages that never before had a tradition in the field, and even boosted the international usage of languages (like Spanish) which are rooted in the some of the most dynamic emerging countries.

Scholarship
Scholarship
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Timeline : 2020s -- 2010s -- 2000s -- 1990s -- 1980s -- 1970s -- 1960s -- 1950s -- 1940s -- 1930s -- 1920s -- 1910s -- 1900s -- 1850s -- 1800s -- 1700s -- 1600s -- 1500s -- 1400s -- Medieval

Fields of research : Apocalyptic Studies -- Archaeology -- Bible Studies -- Christian Origins Studies -- Early Christian Studies -- Early Islamic Studies -- Early Jewish Studies -- Early Samaritan Studies -- Enochic Studies -- Gospels Studies -- Hebrew Bible Studies -- Hellenistic-Jewish Studies -- Historical Jesus Studies -- Johannine Studies -- Josephus Studies -- New Testament Studies -- NT Apocrypha Studies -- Qumran Studies -- OT Apocrypha Studies -- OT Pseudepigrapha Studies -- Pauline Studies -- Petrine Studies -- Philo Studies -- Reception History -- Second Temple Studies -- Septuagint Studies -- Wisdom Studies -- Women's Studies

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Timeline : 2010s -- 2000s -- 1990s -- 1980s -- 1970s -- 1960s -- 1950s -- 1940s -- 1930s -- 1920s -- 1910s -- 1900s -- 1850s -- 1800s -- 1700s -- 1600s -- 1500s -- 1400s

'From : Armenian -- Danish -- Dutch -- English -- French -- German -- Hebrew -- Hungarian -- Italian -- Latin -- Portuguese -- Russian -- Spanish -- Swedish -- Yiddish

English language.jpg

2010s -- 2000s -- 1990s -- 1980s -- 1970s -- 1960s -- 1950s -- 1940s -- 1930s -- 1920s -- 1910s -- 1900s -- 1850s -- 1800s -- 1700s -- 1600s -- 1500s -- 1400s


French language.jpg

2010s -- 2000s -- 1990s -- 1980s -- 1970s -- 1960s -- 1950s -- 1940s -- 1930s -- 1920s -- 1910s -- 1900s -- 1850s -- 1800s -- 1700s -- 1600s -- 1500s


German language.jpg

2010s -- 2000s -- 1990s -- 1980s -- 1970s -- 1960s -- 1950s -- 1940s -- 1930s -- 1920s -- 1910s -- 1900s -- 1850s -- 1800s -- 1700s -- 1600s -- 1500s -- 1450s


Italian language.jpg

2010s -- 2000s -- 1990s -- 1980s -- 1970s -- 1960s -- 1950s -- 1940s -- 1930s -- 1920s -- 1910s -- 1900s -- 1850s -- 1800s -- 1700s -- 1600s -- 1500s -- 1400s


Spanish language.jpg

2010s -- 2000s -- 1990s -- 1980s -- 1970s -- 1960s -- 1950s -- 1940s -- 1930s -- 1920s -- 1910s -- 1900s -- 1850s -- 1800s -- 1700s -- 1600s -- 1500s -- 1400s


Language codes - Sorted by code

  • Zulu zu zul zoulou
  • Zhuang; Chuang za zha zhuang; chuang
  • Yoruba yo yor yoruba
  • Yiddish yi yid yiddish
  • Xhosa xh xho xhosa
  • Wolof wo wol wolof
  • Western Frisian fy fry frison occidental
  • Welsh cy wel gallois
  • Walloon wa wln wallon
  • Volapük vo vol volapük
  • Vietnamese vi vie vietnamien
  • Venda ve ven venda
  • Uzbek uz uzb ouszbek
  • Urdu ur urd ourdou
  • Ukrainian uk ukr ukrainien
  • Uighur; Uyghur ug uig ouïgour
  • Twi tw twi twi
  • Turkmen tk tuk turkmène
  • Turkish tr tur turc
  • Tswana tn tsn tswana
  • Tsonga ts tso tsonga
  • Tonga (Tonga Islands) to ton tongan (Îles Tonga)
  • Tigrinya ti tir tigrigna
  • Tibetan bo tib tibétain
  • Thai th tha thaï
  • Telugu te tel télougou
  • Tatar tt tat tatar
  • Tamil ta tam tamoul
  • Tajik tg tgk tadjik
  • Tahitian ty tah tahitien
  • Tagalog tl tgl tagalog
  • Swedish sv swe suédois
  • Swati ss ssw swati
  • Swahili sw swa swahili
  • Sundanese su sun soundanais
  • Spanish; Castilian es spa espagnol; castillan
  • Sotho, Southern st sot sotho du Sud
  • Somali so som somali
  • Slovenian sl slv slovène
  • Slovak sk slo slovaque
  • Sinhala; Sinhalese si sin singhalais
  • Sindhi sd snd sindhi
  • Sichuan Yi; Nuosu ii iii yi de Sichuan
  • Shona sn sna shona
  • Serbian sr srp serbe
  • Sardinian sc srd sarde
  • Sanskrit sa san sanskrit
  • Sango sg sag sango
  • Samoan sm smo samoan
  • Russian ru rus russe
  • Rundi rn run rundi
  • Romansh rm roh romanche
  • Romanian; Moldavian; Moldovan ro rum roumain; moldave
  • Quechua qu que quechua
  • Pushto; Pashto ps pus pachto
  • Portuguese pt por portugais
  • Polish pl pol polonais
  • Persian fa per persan
  • Panjabi; Punjabi pa pan pendjabi
  • Pali pi pli pali
  • Ossetian; Ossetic os oss ossète
  • Oromo om orm galla
  • Oriya or ori oriya
  • Ojibwa oj oji ojibwa
  • Occitan (post 1500) oc oci occitan (après 1500)
  • Norwegian Nynorsk nn nno norvégien nynorsk; nynorsk, norvégien
  • Norwegian Bokmål nb nob norvégien bokmål
  • Norwegian no nor norvégien
  • Northern Sami se sme sami du Nord
  • Nepali ne nep népalais
  • Ndonga ng ndo ndonga
  • Ndebele, South; South Ndebele nr nbl ndébélé du Sud
  • Ndebele, North; North Ndebele nd nde ndébélé du Nord
  • Navajo; Navaho nv nav navaho
  • Nauru na nau nauruan
  • Mongolian mn mon mongol
  • Marshallese mh mah marshall
  • Marathi mr mar marathe
  • Maori mi mao maori
  • Manx gv glv manx; mannois
  • Maltese mt mlt maltais
  • Malayalam ml mal malayalam
  • Malay ms may malais
  • Malagasy mg mlg malgache
  • Macedonian mk mac macédonien
  • Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch lb ltz luxembourgeois
  • Luba-Katanga lu lub luba-katanga
  • Lithuanian lt lit lituanien
  • Lingala ln lin lingala
  • Limburgan; Limburger; Limburgish li lim limbourgeois
  • Latvian lv lav letton
  • Latin la lat latin
  • Lao lo lao lao
  • Kurdish ku kur kurde
  • Kuanyama; Kwanyama kj kua kuanyama; kwanyama
  • Korean ko kor coréen
  • Kongo kg kon kongo
  • Komi kv kom kom
  • Kirghiz; Kyrgyz ky kir kirghiz
  • Kinyarwanda rw kin rwanda
  • Kikuyu; Gikuyu ki kik kikuyu
  • Kazakh kk kaz kazakh
  • Kashmiri ks kas kashmiri
  • Kanuri kr kau kanouri
  • Kannada kn kan kannada
  • Kalaallisut; Greenlandic kl kal groenlandais
  • Javanese jv jav javanais
  • Japanese ja jpn japonais
  • Italian it ita italien
  • Irish ga gle irlandais
  • Inupiaq ik ipk inupiaq
  • Inuktitut iu iku inuktitut
  • Interlingue; Occidental ie ile interlingue
  • Interlingua ia ina interlingua
  • Indonesian id ind indonésien
  • Igbo ig ibo igbo
  • Ido io ido ido
  • Icelandic is ice islandais
  • Hungarian hu hun hongrois
  • Hiri Motu ho hmo hiri motu
  • Hindi hi hin hindi
  • Herero hz her herero
  • Hebrew he heb hébreu
  • Hausa ha hau haoussa
  • Haitian; Haitian Creole ht hat haïtien; créole haïtien
  • Gujarati gu guj goudjrati
  • Guarani gn grn guarani
  • Greek, Modern (1453-) el gre grec moderne (après 1453)
  • German de ger allemand
  • Georgian ka geo géorgien
  • Ganda lg lug ganda
  • Galician gl glg galicien
  • Gaelic; Scottish Gaelic gd gla gaélique; gaélique écossais
  • Fulah ff ful peul
  • French fr fre français
  • Finnish fi fin finnois
  • Fijian fj fij fidjien
  • Faroese fo fao féroïen
  • Ewe ee ewe éwé
  • Estonian et est estonien
  • Esperanto eo epo espéranto
  • English en eng anglais
  • Dzongkha dz dzo dzongkha
  • Dutch; Flemish nl dut néerlandais; flamand
  • Divehi; Dhivehi; Maldivian dv div maldivien
  • Danish da dan danois
  • Czech cs cze tchèque
  • Croatian hr hrv croate
  • Cree cr cre cree
  • Corsican co cos corse
  • Cornish kw cor cornique
  • Chuvash cv chv tchouvache
  • Church Slavic; Slavonic;
  • Old Bulgarian cu chu slavon d'église; slavon liturgique;
  • vieux bulgare
  • Chinese zh chi chinois
  • Chichewa; Chewa; Nyanja ny nya chichewa; chewa; nyanja
  • Chechen ce che tchétchène
  • Chamorro ch cha chamorro
  • Central Khmer km khm khmer central
  • Catalan; Valencian ca cat catalan; valencien
  • Burmese my bur birman
  • Bulgarian bg bul bulgare
  • Breton br bre breton
  • Bosnian bs bos bosniaque
  • Bislama bi bis bichlamar
  • Bihari languages bh bih langues biharis
  • Bengali bn ben bengali
  • Belarusian be bel biélorusse
  • Basque eu baq basque
  • Bashkir ba bak bachkir
  • Bambara bm bam bambara
  • Azerbaijani az aze azéri
  • Aymara ay aym aymara
  • Avestan ae ave avestique
  • Avaric av ava avar
  • Assamese as asm assamais
  • Armenian hy arm arménien
  • Aragonese an arg aragonais
  • Arabic ar ara arabe
  • Amharic am amh amharique
  • Albanian sq alb albanais
  • Akan ak aka akan
  • Afrikaans af afr afrikaans
  • Afar aa aar afar
  • Abkhazian ab abk abkhaze
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