Difference between revisions of "Category:Spanish language"

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The category: '''Spanish language''', includes scholarly and fictional works in Spanish.
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==An overview of Spanish Scholarship and Fiction==


==16th century==
'''Spanish''' is a Romance language, and the official state language in [[Spain]], and in most of South and Central America. It is written in a variant of the Latin alphabet.


====Scholarship====
'''Spanish''' is the primary language of Scholarship and Fiction used since the 16th century in [[Spain]] and large parts of South and Central America.
Similarly to what happened in other countries, the translation of Josephus' Bellum Iudaicum in Spanish by [[Juan Martín Cordero]] marks the official beginning of Spanish Scholarship on the period.


==17th century==
Latin (in the past) and English (in recent times) have been the international languages more commonly used by Spanish and Latino American scholars in addition to Spanish.
====Scholarship====
The translation in Spanish of Josephus' ''Contra Apionem'' by [[Joseph Semah Arias]] is the most remarkable achievement of Spanish scholarship in the 17th century.


====Fiction====
* See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language Wikipedia]
Second Temple Jewish events inspired numerous plays in the golden age of Spanish Theatre, notably by [[Gaspar de Aguilar]], [[Calderón de la Barca]], [[Tirso de Molina]], and others.


==18th century==
====Scholarship====
18th-century Spanish scholarship produced historical chronologies by [[Josef Rigüál]] (1779), and [[Juan López Peñalver]] (1793).
====Fiction====


==19th century (1st half)==
[[File:Spanish language Map.png|500px]]
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==19th century (2nd half)==
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|title= [[Spanish]] : [[Spanish Scholars|Scholars]], [[Spanish Authors|Authors]], & [[Spanish Artists|Artists]]
The tradition of Spanish dramas on Second Temple Jewish subjects is revived by [[Ramón Franquelo]] and [[José Zorrilla y Moral]].
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==1900s==
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[[Giovanni Bovio]]’s drama ''Cristo alla festa di Purim'' was translated into Spanish in 1902. And that very same year another play: ''Jesus the Nazarene'', was published in Buenos Aires by [[Enrique García Velloso]]. -- '''Carlos A. Segovia''', University of Seville.
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==1910s==
'''''[[Spanish language]]''''' : [[:Category:Second Temple Studies--Spanish|Second Temple Studies]] -/- [[:Category:Apocalyptic Studies--Spanish|Apocalyptic Studies]] -- [[:Category:Archaeology--Spanish|Archaeology]] -- [[:Category:Bible Studies--Spanish|Bible Studies]] -- [[:Category:Christian Origins Studies--Spanish|Christian Origins Studies]] --  [[:Category:Early Christian Studies--Spanish|Early Christian Studies]] -- [[:Category:Early Islamic Studies--Spanish|Early Islamic Studies]] -- [[:Category:Early Jewish Studies--Spanish|Early Jewish Studies]] -- [[:Category:Early Samaritan Studies--Spanish|Early Samaritan Studies]] -- [[:Category:Enochic Studies--Spanish|Enochic Studies]] -- [[:Category:Gospels Studies--Spanish|Gospels Studies]] -- [[:Category:Hebrew Bible Studies--Spanish|Hebrew Bible Studies]] -- [[:Category:Hellenistic-Jewish Studies--Spanish|Hellenistic-Jewish Studies]] -- [[:Category:Historical Jesus Studies--Spanish|Historical Jesus Studies]] -- [[:Category:Johannine Studies--Spanish|Johannine Studies]] -- [[:Category:Josephus Studies--Spanish|Josephus Studies]] -- [[:Category:New Testament Studies--Spanish|New Testament Studies]] -- [[:Category:NT Apocrypha Studies--Spanish|NT Apocrypha Studies]] -- [[:Category:Qumran Studies--Spanish|Qumran Studies]] -- [[:Category:OT Apocrypha Studies--Spanish|OT Apocrypha Studies]] -- [[:Category:OT Pseudepigrapha Studies--Spanish|OT Pseudepigrapha Studies]] -- [[:Category:Pauline Studies--Spanish|Pauline Studies]] -- [[:Category:Petrine Studies--Spanish|Petrine Studies]] -- [[:Category:Philo Studies--Spanish|Philo Studies]] -- [[:Category:Reception History--Spanish|Reception History]] -- [[:Category:Septuagint Studies--Spanish|Septuagint Studies]] -- [[:Category:Wisdom Studies--Spanish|Wisdom Studies]] -- [[:Category:Women's Studies--Spanish|Women's Studies]] -/- [[:Category:Fiction--Spanish|Fiction]] -- [[:Category:Varia--Spanish|Varia]] 
====Scholarship====
}}
The only Spanish scholarly book published in the 1910s was [[Julio Domingo Bazán]]’s liberal defense of the Hebrews. Like [[Joseph Semah Arias]], who in 1687 had published a Spanish translation of [[Josephus]]’ ''Jewish War'', Bazán was a military man who only very indirectly addressed in his book several topics inherent to the history of the Second Temple period. -- '''Carlos A. Segovia''', University of Seville.


==1920s==
====Scholarship====
An essay on the relationship between Judaism and Hellenism by the polymath [[Julio Navarro Monzó]] was published in Montevideo (Uruguay) in 1926. No other scholarly books appeared during this period. -- '''Carlos A. Segovia''', University of Seville.


==1930s==
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====Scholarship====
[[English language|English]] -- [[French language|French]] -- [[German language|German]] -- [[Italian language|Italian]] -- [[Spanish language|Spanish]] -//- [[Afrikaans language|Afrikaans]] -- [[Albanian language|Albanian]] -- [[Arabic language|Arabic]] -- [[Armenian language|Armenian]] -- [[Bulgarian language|Bulgarian]] -- [[Catalan language|Catalan]] -- [[Chinese language|Chinese]] -- [[Croatian language|Croatian]] -- [[Czech language|Czech]] -- [[Danish language|Danish]] -- [[Dutch language|Dutch]] -- [[Estonian language|Estonian]] -- [[Farsi language|Farsi]] -- [[Finnish language|Finnish]] -- [[Flemish language|Flemish]] -- [[Greek language|Greek]] -- [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] -- [[Hungarian language|Hungarian]] -- [[Icelandic language|Icelandic]] -- [[Japanese language|Japanese]] -- [[Korean language|Korean]] -- [[Latin language|Latin]] -- [[Latvian language|Latvian]] -- [[Lithuanian language|Lithuanian]] -- [[Maltese language|Maltese]] -- [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]] -- [[Polish language|Polish]] -- [[Portuguese language|Portuguese]] -- [[Romanian language|Romanian]] -- [[Russian language|Russian]] -- [[Serbian language|Serbian]] -- [[Slovak language|Slovak]] -- [[Slovenian language|Slovenian]] -- [[Swedish language|Swedish]] -- [[Ukrainian language|Ukrainian]] -- [[Welsh language|Welsh]] -- [[Yiddish language|Yiddish]]
Vol. 1 of a general history of early Judaism authored by the polymath Celedonio Nin y Silva was published in Montevideo (Uruguay) in 1935 (vol. 12 was to see the light in 1962). No other scholarly books appeared during this period. -- Carlos A. Segovia, University of Seville.
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====1940s====
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Between 1945 and 1947, [[Giuseppe Ricciotti]]’s ''Storia d’Israele'' was twice translated into Spanish; one of these translations was made by the Spanish philosopher [[Xavier Zubiri]]. Ricciotti’s volume was also the first relevant scholarly study on the history of Israel published in Spanish language. Inasmuch as vol. 2 of Ricciotti’s work (which was simultaneously published in Buenos Aires and Barcelona in 1947) covered the Second Temple period (together with the late 1st century CE and the first third of the 2nd century CE), it was too the first book on [[Second Temple Judaism]] published in the Spanish-speaking world. No other books related to this particular field of study appeared during the period. -- '''Carlos A. Segovia''', University of Seville.
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==1950s==
'''''[[Spanish language]]''''' : [[:Category:Spanish language--2020s|2020s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--2010s|2010s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--2000s|2000s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1990s|1990s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1980s|1980s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1970s|1970s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1960s|1960s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1950s|1950s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1940s|1940s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1930s|1930s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1920s|1920s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1910s|1910s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1900s|1900s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1850s|1850s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1800s|1800s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1700s|1700s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1600s|1600s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1500s|1500s]] -- [[:Category:Spanish language--1450s|1450s]] -- [[Spanish language|Home]] 
====Scholarship====
Only three books were published in Spanish language in the 1950s, one of them dealing with [[Qumran]] and the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] and the other two with the apocalyptic views on human history and the time of Jesus, respectively. ''Los descubrimientos de Qumran'', by [[Antonio González Lamadrid]], offered an extensive introduction to the recent discoveries in the Judaean Desert, whereas [[Gerardo Leisersohn Baendel]] explored in a short study the structure and meaning of human history in apocalyptic literature and the virtual contribution of the latter to the philosophy of history. González Lamadrid’s volume (a revised edition of which saw the light in 1971) was published in Spain in 1956 and must be regarded as the first contemporary scholarly work on Second Temple Judaism in Spanish language; in turn, Leisersohn Baendel’s essay appeared in Chile in 1959. In 1959, [[Charles Guignebert]]’s 1935 volume on the Jewish world in the time of Jesus was also translated into Spanish and published in Mexico.


The books by González Lamadrid and Guignebert ought to be considered nowadays as symptomatic of the later development of the discipline in the Spanish speaking countries. First, these two volumes are representative of the two main topics of study addressed in the Spanish-speaking world between the early 1960s and the late 2000s. Secondly, they prefigure the dual tendency which is characteristic of such period: most books originally published in Spanish language deal with [[Qumran]] and the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], whilst the majority of books translated from other European languages into Spanish deal with the study of the historical Jesus, the Jesus movement and early [[Christianity]]. Finally, an alternative emphasis upon one of these two general topics ([[Qumran]] and the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] in the 1980s and 1990s, Jesus and the rise of [[Christianity]] in the 2000s) is also illustrative of the thematic evolution during the period. In spite of temporary oscillations as to the specific subjects discussed in each decade, this implicit, threefold principle has prevailed throughout the whole period and describes quite accurately its basic inner drive, though not its many nuances and additional developments, of course.
'''''[[Timeline]]''''' : [[2020s]] -- [[2010s]] -- [[2000s]] -- [[1990s]] -- [[1980s]] -- [[1970s]] -- [[1960s]] -- [[1950s]] -- [[1940s]] -- [[1930s]] -- [[1920s]] -- [[1910s]] -- [[1900s]] -- [[1850s]] -- [[1800s]] -- [[1700s]] -- [[1600s]] -- [[1500s]] -- [[1450s]] -- [[Medieval]] -- [[Timeline|Home]]  
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As to the Spanish edition of scholarly volumes originally published in other languages, the translation of two essays on Paul and his letters by [[Amédée Brunot]] ought to be mentioned. -- '''Carlos A. Segovia''', University of Seville.
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====Fiction====
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The Spanish edition of [[Howard Fast]]’s novel on the [[Maccabeans]] (1954), a play on [[Judas Maccabee]] by [[Isidora Aguirre]] based upon Fast’s novel (1958), and a film by [[Joseph Breen]] on the trial of Jesus originally filmed in Spanish (1959) were the contribution of the 1950s to the fictional literature and the fictional representation of the figures and events inherent to the Second Temple period in Spanish language. -- '''Carlos A. Segovia''', University of Seville.
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==1960s==
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[[Qumran]] and the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] on the one hand, and the [[Targum]] on the other, became the main focuses of interest in Spanish scholarship in the 1960s.
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In 1960 [[Jesús Cantera Ortiz de Urbina]] published a Spanish translation of the [[Habakuk Pesher]] from [[Qumran]] with a brief critical study of its text. And in 1968 [[Alejandro Díez Macho]] began to edit and translate, together with [[Roger le Déaut]], [[Martin McNamara]] and [[Michael Maher]], the sole extant manuscript of [[Targum Neophyti I]], which he had discovered in 1956 in the Vatican Library; this very remarkable edition appeared in 6 vols. between 1968 and 1979, and should be regarded, together with [[Florentino García Martínez]]’s works on the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] and the history of the [[Qumran]] community, as the most outstanding contribution of Spanish scholarship to the study of the Second Temple period in the 20th century.
 
Two books on [[Philo of Alexandria]] by [[Rafael Díaz de León]] and [[Shalom Rosenberg]] and a study on Paul's theology by [[José María González Ruiz]] were also published in the 1960s. As to the Spanish editions of foreign volumes, the translations of [[Rudolf Schnackenburg]]'s 1954 ''Die sittliche Botschaft des Neuen Testaments'', [[Jean Daniélou]]'s 1958 essay on Philo, [[Ernest-Marie Laperrousaz]]'s 1961 introductory study to the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]], [[Rudolf Bultmann]]'s ''Jesus'', [[François Amiot]]'s, [[Amédée Brunot]]'s, [[Léon Cristiani]]'s, [[Henri Daniel-Rops]]' and [[Jean Daniélou]]'s 1962 essay on the sources of Jesus' biography, [[Oscar Cullmann]]'s ''Der Staat im Neue Testament'', [[Rudolf Schnackenburg]]'s ''Gottesherrschaft und Reich'' and several volumes by [[Lucien Cerfaux]] and [[John A. T. Robinson]] on Paul, were published in this period.
 
====Fiction====
The [[Hodayot]] of the [[Qumran Yahad]] inspired [[Joaquín Rodrigo]]’s ''Himnos de los neófitos de Qumrán'' for three sopranos, male chorus and orchestra, the premiere of which took place in Easter week 1965; as in other occasions, [[Victoria Kamhi]] collaborated with Rodrigo in the arrangement of the text. Finally, in 1666 a film on the trial of Jesus by [[Julio Bracho]] was released in Mexico. -- '''Carlos A. Segovia''', University of Seville.
 
==1970s==
In addition to the subjects prevalent in the 1960s, i.e., [[Qumran]] (on which [[Antonio González Lamadrid]], [[José O'Callaghan Martínez]] and [[Manuel Jiménez F. Bonhomme]] wrote in 1971, 1974 and 1976, respectively) and the [[Targum]] ([[Alejandro Díez Macho]] continued publishing his edition of [[Targum Neophyti I]] between 1970 and 1979 and wrote an introduction to the targumic literature in 1972, and [[Domingo Muñoz León]] wrote in 1974 and 1977 two complementary studies on the Targumim to the Pentateuch), two new topics diversely related to the history of the Second Temple period attracted the attention of Spanish scholarship and editorship in the 1970s, namely the Greek Bible (to which [[Natalio Fernández Marcos]] devoted two important studies in 1972, with [[Ángel Sáenz-Badillos Pérez]], and 1979) and apocalyptic literature (a collection of essays by [[Mathias Delcor]] was published in 1977 in Spanish language under the title: ''Mito y tradición en la literatura apocalíptica'' [Myth and Tradition in Apocalyptic Literature]). These two subjects were to grow in importance over the next decades with new studies by Fernández Marcos and [[María Victoria Spottorno Díaz-Caro]] amid other scholars in the 1980s and the 2000s, and the publication of an extensive collection of Old Testament Pseudepigrapha in Spanish version edited by [[Alejandro Díez Macho]] and [[Antonio Piñero Sáenz]] between 1984 and 2009, respectively.
 
A separate comment must be made regarding O'Callaghan's 1974 essay on the Greek papyri from [[Qumran Cave 7]], where he tentatively identified several extant fragments with various verses of the Gospels (especially 7Q5 with Mark 6:52-53). O'Callaghan had advanced this groundbreaking hypothesis in an article published in 1972 ("[[¿Papiros neotestamentarios en la cueva 7 de Qumrán]]",[[Biblica]] 53 [1972] 91-100; translated by L. W. Holladay as "[[New Testament Papyri in Qumran Cave 7?]]," [[Journal of Biblical Literature]] 91/2 [1972] 1-14), yet his insights on this subject have been widely disputed by most scholars on both philological and statistic grounds (see, e.g., [[Die älteste Evangelien-handschrift?: Der Fund des Markus- Fragments von Qumran un die Anfange der schriftlichen Uberlieferung des Neuen Testaments (1986 Thiede), book]]; [[Christen und Christliches in Qumran? (1992 Mayer), edited volume]]). He has largely contributed, nonetheless, to the comparative study of the literature from [[Qumran]] and the [[New Testament]] both in the Spanish-speaking world and beyond.
 
[[José María Triviño]]’s 1975-1976 Spanish edition of [[Philo]]’s works must also be alluded to at this point. Although [[José Pablo Martín]] is now working on a new edition of [[Philo]], of which vol. 1 was published in 2009, Triviño’s five-volume edition still stands as a reference work in Spanish language.
 
To end with mention must be made of [[Enric Cortès]]’ 1976 study on the “departing discourses” in the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament and their narrative framework, [[Xabier Pikaza]]'s 1976 essay on the historical Jesus, [[Santos Sabugal]]'s 1976 studies on Paul's conversion, and [[Marcelino Legido López]]'s 1978 volume on Pauline ecclesiology.
 
As to the Spanish edition of foreign works, the following volumes on ancient and Second Temple Judaism were translated into Spanish: [[David S. Russell]]'s ''Between the Testaments'' (1973), [[George Ernest Wright]]’s ''Biblical Archaeology'' (1975), [[Sigmund Mowinckel]]’s ''Han som kommer'' (1975), [[André Paul]]'s ''Intertestament'' (1978), and [[Frederick Fyvie Bruce]]'s ''Israel and the Nations: From the Exodus to the Fall of the Second Temple'' (1979). In addition, the Spanish editions of several books on the historical Jesus, the New Testament, and early Christianity by [[Josef Blank]], [[Günter Bornkamm]], [[Raymond E. Brown]], [[Rudolf Karl Bultmann]], [[Oscar Cullmann]], [[Charles Harol Dodd]], [[Xavier Léon-Dufour]], [[David Flusser]], [[Martin Hengel]], [[Joachim Jeremias]], [[Ernst Käsemann]], [[Heinrich Schlier]], [[Gerd Theissen]] and [[Étienne Trocmé]] were also published in this period.
 
====Fiction====
Spanish fiction was especially noteworthy in the 1970 by its variety, if not by its quantity. Four works deserve being cited: a play on Titus and Berenice by the Puerto Rican [[René Marqués]] (1970), a novel on Judas by the Peruan [[Carlos Tosi]] (1975), [[Joaquín Rodrigo]]’s Hyms of the Neophytes of Qumran (1965-1975), and [[Pedro Almodóvar]]’s 1978 film ''Salomé''. – '''Carlos A. Segovia''', University of Seville.
 
==1980s==
====Scholarship====
In the 1980s Spanish scholarship on [[Second Temple Judaism]] increased considerably if compared to the earlier decades. Twenty-seven new volumes were published, including editions of books written in other European languages; and an unprecedented assortment of themes were explored in them.
 
[[Qumran]] and the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] deserved a good deal of attention through the entire decade, though not as much as in the 1990s. Books by [[Luis Vegas Montaner]] on the [[Qumran]] Biblical scrolls and [[José María Casciaro Rodríguez (1924-2004), scholar|José María Casciaro Rodríguez]] on the Qumranic literature and the [[New Testament]] were published in 1980 and 1982, respectively. In 1982 [[Mathias Delcor]]’s and [[Florentino García Martínez]]’s introduction to the [[Essene]] literature from [[Qumran]] was also published. And in 1985 a new, updated edition of [[Antonio González Lamadrid]]'s ''Los manuscritos del mar Muerto'' (first published in 1971) saw the light too. In addition, in 1987 and 1989, respectively, [[Geza Vermès]]’s ''The Dead Sea Scrolls: Qumran in Perspective'' and [[Carsten Peter Thiede]]’s 1986 study on the hypothetical Markan fragments from Qumran Cave 7 identified by [[José O'Callaghan Martínez]] in 1972 were published as well.
 
Spanish scholarly production on the [[Targum]] was quite relevant too in the 1980s, with studies and translations by [[Miguel Pérez Fernández]] (1981), [[Domingo Muñoz León]] (1986, 1987), [[Josep Ribera Florit]] (1987, 1988), and [[Emiliano Martínez Borobio]] (1987, 1989). In his 1987 critically acclaimed book, Muñoz León (who had already written on Targumic literature in the late 1970s) also addressed several issues related to the interpretation of the Scriptures in the [[New Testament]].
 
In the 1980s [[Natalio Fernández Marcos]] continued working on the Greek versions of the Bible and published in 1985 an edited volume on the Septuagint. In 1987, [[María Victoria Spottorno Díaz-Caro]] and [[José Ramón Busto Sáiz (1950-), scholar|José Ramón Busto Sáiz]] translated into Spanish [[Josephus]]' ''[[Autobiography]]'' and ''[[Contra Apionem]]''. A year later, [[Josep Montserrat Torrents (1932-), scholar|Josep Montserrat Torrents]] translated into Catalan [[Philo]]'s ''[[De Opificio Mundi]]'', whilst the influence of [[Philo]] in the Western culture was the subject of an essay by [[José Pablo Martín]] published in Buenos Aires in 1986. [[Jean Cazeaux]]’s 1983 study on Philo’s philosophy of language and mysticism was in turn translated into Spanish and published in 1984.
 
The time of Jesus, the historical Jesus, the Jewish roots of [[Christianity]], the theology of Paul, and the parting of the ways between Judaism and [[Christianity]] were thoroughly explored in the 1980s by [[Rafael Aguirre Monasterio (1941-), scholar|Rafael Aguirre Monasterio]], [[Juan Huarte Osacar]], [[José Ignacio González Faus]], [[Hernando Guevara]], [[Marcelino Legido López]], [[Jesús Emilio Menéndez Menéndez]], [[Emilio Mitre Fernández]], [[Josep Montserrat Torrents (1932-), scholar|Josep Montserrat Torrents]], [[José Antonio Pagola (1937-), scholar|José Antonio Pagola]], [[Xabier Pikaza]], and [[Senén Vidal García]]. And many books dealing with these and other related subjects (including the New Testament corpus) by [[Joseph Auneau]], [[Giuseppe Barbaglio]], [[Gerhard Barth]], [[Günter Bornkamm]], [[Raymond E. Brown]], [[Amédée Brunot]], [[Lothar Coenen]], [[Martin Dibelius]], [[John Drane]], [[Rinaldo Fabris]], [[Joseph A. Fitzmyer]], [[Joachim Gnilka]], [[Martin Hengel]], [[Joachim Jeremias]], [[Joseph Klausner]], [[Helmut Köster]], [[Xavier Léon-Dufour]], [[Gerhard Lohfink]], [[Wayne A. Meeks]], [[Charles Perrot]], [[Rudolf Schnackenburg]], [[Wolfgang Schrage]], [[Emil Schürer]], [[Heinz Schürmann]], [[Eduard Schweizer]], [[Gerd Theissen]], [[Albert Vanhoye]], and [[Ulrich Wilckens]], were also translated into Spanish.
 
Moreover, [[Hugues Cousin]]'s ''Vies d'Adam et Eve, des patriarches et des prophètes'', [[François Castel]]’s 1983 general history of Israel and Judah, [[Henry Cazelles]]’ 1982 historical overview of the early Second Temple period, [[Christiane Saulnier]]'s 1982 monograph on the Maccabean crisis, and [[Claude Tassin]]’s 1986 history of Second Temple Judaism were also translated into Spanish and published between 1981 and 1988.
 
Yet perhaps the most relevant events were, on the one hand, [[Carlos de Valle Rodríguez]]'s Spanish edition of the [[Mishnah]], and, on the other hand, [[Alejandro Díez Macho]]’s and [[Antonio Piñero Sáenz]]’s edition of the [[Old Testament Pseudepigrapha]] in Spanish version, of which vols. 1-4 appeared in 1984 and vol. 5 in 1987; vol. 6 was published in 2009, and a 7th vol. is forthcoming. Contributors were recruited by the editors among Spanish scholars on Biblical and Targumic literature and Hebrew, Aramaic, Greek, Coptic and Arabic studies. A volume on intertestamental literature published by [[Domingo Muñoz León]] in 1983 must also be mentioned here, as well as a noteworthy study on the historical method of Flavius [[Josephus]] published in English by [[Pere Villalba i Varneda (1938-), scholar|Pere Villalba i Varneda]] in 1986.
 
====Fiction====
Two novels, one by the Argentinian [[Rodolfo Marcelo Cárdenas]] on [[John the Baptist]], and another one by the Colombian [[Germán Espinosa (1938-2007), novelist|Germán Espinosa]] on the rise of [[Christianity]], were published in 1984 and 1987, respectively. In addition, [[Anthony Burgess]]’ ''The Kingdom of the Wicked'' was translated into Spanish in 1988. No dramatic, musical or cinematographic works seem to have been produced in this period, however. -- '''Carlos A. Segovia''', University of Seville
 
==1990s==
====Scholarship====
The 1990s might be roughly defined as the “Qumran decade” in Spanish scholarship on Second Temple Judaism, in so far as ten volumes on the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] were published in Spanish language between 1991 and 1996, including [[Florentino García Martínez]]’s 1992 Spanish edition of the significant manuscripts then available, which was translated into English, Dutch, Portuguese and Italian in 1994, 1994-95, 1995 and 1996, respectively. In 1991 [[Santiago Ausín Olmos (1939-), scholar|Santiago Ausín Olmos]] published a philological study on the ethical language of the sectarian writings from [[Qumran]]. There followed [[César Vidal Manzanares (1958-), scholar|César Vidal Manzanares]]’ three consecutive, introductory essays on the [[Qumran]] community and its literature (1993, 1995); [[Florentino García Martínez]]’s and [[Julio Trebolle Barrera]]’s study on the men from [[Qumran]] (1993), which was translated into English and Italian in 1995 and 1996, respectively; and two edited volumes by [[Antonio Piñero Sáenz]] and [[Dimas Fernández Galiano (1951-), scholar|Dimas Fernández Galiano]] (1994) and [[Julio Trebolle Barrera]] (1999), who had earlier published with [[Luis Vegas Montaner]] the proceedings of the Madrid Qumran Congress (1992). In addition, the Spanish translation of [[Jean Pouilly]]’s 1990 introduction to the Scrolls and [[Stegemann]]’s 1993 study on the [[Essenes]], [[Qumran]], [[John the Baptist]] and Jesus (which was translated into English in 1998), were published in 1991 and 1996, respectively.
 
Other themes studied were illness and health care in the ancient Near East and the rise of Christianity (by [[Héctor Avalos (1958-), scholar|Héctor Avalos]] [1995, 1999]), the history of Messianic ideas in ancient Judaism and emerging [[Christianity]] (by [[José Luis Sicre Díaz (1940-), scholar|José Luis Sicre Díaz]] [1995]), the development of intertestamental literature (by [[Gonzalo Aranda Pérez (1943-), scholar|Gonzalo Aranda Pérez]], [[Florentino García Martínez]] and [[Miguel Pérez Fernández]] [1996]), and Ben Sira (by [[Nuria Calduch-Benages]] [1997, 1998, 1999]). Several volumes on the study of the historical Jesus, the New Testament, and both the Jewish roots and the development of earliest Christianity, were also published in this decade by [[Rafael Aguirre Monasterio (1941-), scholar|Rafael Aguirre Monasterio]], [[María Ángeles Alonso Ávila, scholar|María Ángeles Alonso Ávila]], [[Juan José Bartolomé]], [[Carmen Bernabé Urbieta]], [[Aurelio de Santos Otero]], [[Joaquín González Echegaray]], [[Santigo Guijarro Oporto]], [[Xabier Pikaza]], [[Antonio Piñero Sáenz]], [[Antonio Rodríguez Carmona]], [[Ramón Trevijano Etcheverría (1932-), scholar|Ramón Trevijano Etcheverría]], [[Jordi Sánchez Bosch]], [[Juan Luis Segundo]], [[Senén Vidal García]], and [[César Vidal Manzanares (1958-), scholar|César Vidal Manzanares]].
 
A series of relevant translations of ancient texts into Spanish language also took place in the 1990s. Several Targumim were translated by [[Josep Ribera Florit]] (1992, 1997) and [[Emiliano Martínez Borobio]] (1998); [[Philo]]’s [[De somniis]] and [[De Josepho]] by [[Sofía Torallas Tovar]] (1997); [[Josephus]]’ ''Autobiography'' and ''[[Against Apion]]'' by [[Margarita Rodríguez de Sepúlveda]]; [[Josephus]]' ''[[Jewish War]]'' by [[Jesús María Nieto Ibáñez]] (1997, 1999); and the Latin version of [[4 Ezra]] by [[Gabriel Marcelo Nápole (1957-), scholar|Gabriel Marcelo Nápole]] (1998).
 
As earlier said, both [[Florentino García Martínez]]'s Spanish edition of the [[Dead Sea Scrolls]] and [[Florentino García Martínez]]’s and [[Julio Trebolle Barrera]]'s book on the [[Qumran]] community were translated into several European languages (including English) between 1994 and 1996. No other books dealing with the study of the Second Temple period originally published in Spanish had been translated into other languages prior to that date. Moreover, [[Florentino García Martínez]] published in 1992 a most remarkable study in English language on [[Qumran]] and apocalyptic; he also co-edited two collective volumes on the Bible and the Scrolls (together with [[Anthony Hilshort]] and [[Casper J. Labuschagne]], [[Moshe J. Bernstein]] and [[John Kampen]], and [[Ed Noort]]) in 1992, 1997 and 1998, respectively, and a volume on the Noah traditions (together with [[Gerard P. Luttikhuizen]]) in 1998; as well as a complete bibliography of the Dead Sea Scrolls covering the years 1970-1975 (together with [[Donald W. Parry]]) in 1997, ''The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition'' (together with [[Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar]]) between 1997 and 1998, and vol. XXIII of the [[Discoveries in the Judean Desert]] ([[DJD]]) series (with [[Eibert J. C. Tigchelaar]] and [[Adam S. van der Woude]]) in 1998. Meanwhile, [[Natalio Fernández Marcos]] published in 1994 an Engish volume on the Septuagint and Old Latin versions of the Books of Kings, and [[Adolfo Roitman]] a Hebrew introduction to the daily life of the Qumran sectarians in 1997. In addition, [[Gonzalo Aranda Pérez (1943-), scholar|Gonzálo Aranda Perez]]'s, [[Florentino García Martínez]]'s and [[Miguel Pérez Fernández]]'s study on intertestamental literature was translated into Italian in 1998. The aforementioned volumes by [[Héctor Avalos (1958-), scholar|Héctor Avalos]] should also be taken into account at this point.
   
As to the Spanish edition of contemporary studies, one must mention [[Johann Maier]]’s ''Zwishen den Testamenten: Geschichte und Religion in der Zeit des zweiten Tempels'', [[Walter Schmithals]]' ''Die Apokalyptik'', and a rather large number of volumes dealing with the study of the historical Jesus and early Christianity which include several studies by [[Paul J. Achtemeier]], [[Horst Balz]], [[François Bovon]], [[Raymond E. Brown]], [[Matthieu Collin]], [[Oscar Cullmann]], [[Rinaldo Fabris]], [[David Flusser]], [[Joachim Gnilka]], [[Dieter Hildebrandt]], [[Pierre Lenhardt]], [[Ulrich Luz]], [[Margaret Y. MacDonald]], [[Bruce J. Malina]], [[John P. Meier]], [[Annette Merz]], [[Romano Penna]], [[Heinrich Schlier]], [[Jacques Schlosser]], [[Gerhard Schneider]], [[Eduard Schweizer]], [[Graham Stanton]], [[Peter Stuhlmacher]], [[Gerd Theissen]], [[Marie Vidal]], [[Phillip Vielhauer]], and [[Ulrich Wilckens]].
 
====Fiction====
Five novels were published in Spanish in the 1990s, three by [[Jesús Capo]] on Paul of Tarsus (1993), Peter (1994) and Jesus (1996), one by [[Antonio Piñero Sáenz]] on Herod the Great (1999), and the Spanish edition of [[Alexandra Ripley]]’s ''A Love Divine'' (1997). [[Dominique Reyre]]'s 1998 essay on the Jews in the plays of [[Pedro Calderón de la Barca]] should also be mentioned in addition. -- '''Carlos A. Segovia''', University of Seville
 
==2000s==
 
====Scholarship====
Leaving aside [[Jaime Vázquez Allegue (1968-), scholar|Jaime Vázquez Allegue]]’s works on the [[Rule of the Community]] and the literature from Qumran (2000, 2004, 2006), as well as [[Francisco Jiménez Bedman]]’s study on the [[Copper Scroll]] (2002), [[Pedro Zamora García]]'s essay on the [[Qoheleth]] in light of the Hebrew Bible, [[Sirach]] and [[Qumran]] (2002), [[Adolfo Roitman]]'s introduction to the daily life of the [[Qumran]] sectarians (which was translated into Spanish in 2000), and the several volumes published in English by Roitman himself (2003 [with [[Shulamith Laderman]] ], 2006) and by [[Florentino García Martínez]] (2000 [with [[Daniel K. Falk]] and [[Eileen M. Schuller]]], 2003, 2007, and 2008 [with [[Mladen Popović]]]), it must be acknowledged that Spanish scholarly production on the Dead Sea Scrolls decreased in the 2000s. The aforementioned works and the Spanish edition of both [[Hershel Shanks]]’ ''Understanding the Dead Sea Scrolls'' (2005) and [[André Paul]]’s ''La Bible avant la Bible'' (2007) are the exception to this rule, which applies also to the other traditional key field of research in the Spanish-speaking world: the [[Targum]]; in fact, only two books, one by [[Josep Ribera Florit]] on the [[Targum]] of Ezekiel (2004) and the other one by [[Teresa Martínez Sáiz]] and [[Miguel Pérez Fernández]] on the Targumim to the Pentateuch (2004), were published on this subject in the 2000s.
 
Conversely, Spanish editorship on the historical Jesus, the [[New Testament]] and [[Christian origins]] grew to an unprecedented level. Amidst those scholars who devoted their works to these matters in the 2000s one should mention [[Rafael Aguirre Monasterio (1941-), scholar|Rafael Aguirre Monasterio]], [[María Ángeles Alonso Ávila, scholar|María Ángeles Alonso Ávila]], [[Manuel Aroztegui Esnaola]], [[Juan José Ayán Calvo]], [[Gonzalo Balderas Vega]], [[Carmen Bernabé Urbieta]], [[Nuria Calduch-Benages]], [[Patricio de Navascués Benlloch]], [[Elisa Estévez López]], [[Francisco García Bazán]], [[José Miguel García Pérez (1951-), scholar|José Miguel García Pérez]], [[Santiago Guijarro Oporto]], [[Carlos Javier Gil Arbiol]], [[Esther Miquel Preicás]], [[Josep Montserrat Torrents (1932-), scholar|Josep Montserrat Torrents]], [[José Antonio Pagola (1937-), scholar|José Antonio Pagola]], [[Xabier Pikaza]], [[Antonio Piñero Sáenz]], [[Josep Rius Camps]], [[Luis Manuel Suárez Díaz]], [[Pius-Ramon Tragan, scholar|Pius-Ramon Tragan]], [[Antonio Vargas-Machuca Gutierrez]], and [[Senén Vidal García]]. Besides, several important volumes on the historical Jesus and early Christianity were translated from other languages, including different works by [[Reidar Aasgaard]], [[David E. Aune]], [[Giuseppe Barbaglio]], [[François Bovon]], [[Raymond E. Brown]], [[Rudolf Karl Bultmann]], [[John Dominic Crossan]], [[Henri Daniel-Rops]], [[Jean Daniélou]], [[Cees J. Den Heyer]], [[Adriana Destro]], [[Joanna Dewey]], [[James D. G. Dunn]], [[Bart D. Ehrman]], [[Rinaldo Fabris]], [[Joseph A. Fitzmyer]], [[Seán Freyne]], [[Paul Hoffmann]], [[Larry W. Hurtado]], [[Martin Karrer]], [[John S. Kloppenborg]], [[Israel Knohl]], [[Ulrich Luz]], [[Margaret Y. MacDonald]], [[Bruce J. Malina]], [[Joel Marcus]], [[John P. Meier]], [[Donald Michie]], [[Jerome H. Neyrey]], [[Carolyn Osiek]], [[Mauro Pesce]], [[David Rhoads]], [[James M. Robinson]], [[Ed Parish Sanders]], [[Heinz Schürmann]], [[Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza]], [[John E. Stambaugh]], [[Rodney Stark]], [[Ekkehard W. Stegemann]], [[Wolfgang Stegemann]], [[Justin Taylor]], [[Gerd Theissen]], [[Janet H.]], and [[Tatha Wiley]].
 
Attention was also paid by Spanish scholars and editors to other various topics such as Jewish apocalypticism (on which [[Ignacio Gómez de Liaño (1946-), scholar|Ignacio Gómez de Liaño]] and [[Antonio Piñero Sáenz]] wrote in 2000 and 2007, respectively), Ben Sira (on which [[Nuria Calduch-Benages]] published an essay in Italian in 2001 and offered with [[Joan Ferrer]] and [[Jan Liesen]] a Spanish and English translation of its Syriac version in 2003), Biblical and Parabiblical literature (on which [[Miren Junkal Guevara Llaguno]] published an essay in 2006), Jewish literature in Greek language during the late Second Temple period (on which [[Antonio Piñero Sáenz]] wrote in 2006), and the intertwining of theology, economy and politics in the [[Ecclesiastes]] (on which [[Pedro Zamora García]] produced a new monograph in 2007). [[Natalio Fernández Marcos]]’ and [[María Victoria Spottorno Díaz-Caro]]’s 2008 Spanish edition of the [[LXX]] text of the Pentateuch (to which further volumes on the [[Septuagint]] will follow) and the first volume of [[José Pablo Martín]]’s new Spanish edition of [[Philo]]’s works (2009-) deserve being mentioned as well, together with vol. 6 of [[Alejandro Díez Macho]]’s and [[Antonio Piñero Sáenz]]’s collection of [[Old Testament Pseudepigrapha]] in Spanish, which saw the light in 2009 (that is, twenty-two years after the publication of vol. 5), and [[Francisco García Bazán]]'s study on the jewish roots of Gnosticism and on the contribution of the latter to the early Christian faith as well as to Christian philosophy (2009). Finally, it should also be noted that [[Florentino García Martínez]] co-edited three collective volumes in English on ancient cultural interaction in Jerusalem, Alexandria and Rome (with [[Gerard P. Luttikhuizen]]), on the [[Septuagint]] and Ezekiel (with [[Marc Vervenne]]), and on [[Qumran]] and the [[New Testament]], in 2003, 2005, and 2009, respectively; whereas [[Héctor Avalos (1958-), scholar|Héctor Avalos]] coauthored in 2007 (with [[Sarah J. Melcher]] and [[Jeremy Schipper]] an English volume on medical Biblical studies. Besides, [[Natalio Fernández Marcos]]' ''Introducción a las versiones griegas de la Biblia'' [Introduction to the Greek Versions of the Bible] was translated into English in 2000, and [[Rafael Aguirre Monasterio (1941-), scholar|Rafael Aguirre Monasterio]]'s ''Del movimiento de Jesús a la iglesia cristiana'' into Italian in 2005.
 
Especial mention must be made, to end with, of a series of relevant studies on the history of the Second Temple translated into Spanish in the 2000s, beginning with  [[Paolo Sacchi]]’s ''Storia del Secondo Tempio'', the Spanish edition of which was published in 2004 (partly after its English edition). There followed the Spanish editions of both [[Morton Smith]]’s ''Palestinian Parties and Politics that Shaped the Old Testament'' (2007) and [[Claude Tassin]]’s 2006 and 2008 consecutive studies on the mid- and late Second Temple period (2007, 2009). -- '''Carlos A. Segovia''', University of Seville.
 
====Fiction====
Spanish fiction on Second Temple Judaism was largely dominated in the 2000s by narrative concerns. A series of novels were published by [[José Baena]] (on James the brother of Jesus) in 2001, [[Jesús Capo]] (on Mary Magdalene and on the Roman Centurion in Matthew 8:5-13) in 2005, and [[Juan Tafur]] (on Mary Magdalene) in 2007, whilst a second revised edition of [[Antonio Piñero Sáenz]]'s 1999 novel on the life of Herod the Great, ''La Puerta de Damasco'', was also published in 2007. Besides, [[Eliette Abécassis]]’ novels on the Second Temple and [[Qumran]] were translated into Spanish and published in 2002 and 2006, whereas the Spanish edition of [[Gerd Theissen]]’s ''The Shadow of the Galilean'' appeared in 2004 and those of [[Anne Rice]]'s ''Christ the Lord: Out of Egypt'' and ''Christ the Lord: The Road to Cana'' in 2006 and 2008, respectively. This brief survey would be incomplete, nonetheless, without mentioning [[John Adams]]’ and [[Peter Sellars]]’ "Nativity oratorio" ''El Niño'', which was produced in 2000. -- '''Carlos A. Segovia''', University of Seville.
 
====2010s====
 
 
 
 
 
==Related categories==
 
*[[:Category:Spanish|Spanish]] / [[:Category:Spanish Scholarship|Spanish Scholarship]] / [[:Category:Spanish Fiction|Spanish Fiction]]
 
*[[:Category:Latino|Latino]] / [[:Category:Latino Scholarship|Latino Scholarship]] / [[:Category:Latino Fiction|Latino Fiction]]
 
*[[:Category:Languages|Languages]]
 
 
[[Category:Subjects]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:National Schools]]

Latest revision as of 20:37, 30 December 2019

Spanish language (Home Page)
Spanish language (Home Page)

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Spanish is a Romance language, and the official state language in Spain, and in most of South and Central America. It is written in a variant of the Latin alphabet.

Spanish is the primary language of Scholarship and Fiction used since the 16th century in Spain and large parts of South and Central America.

Latin (in the past) and English (in recent times) have been the international languages more commonly used by Spanish and Latino American scholars in addition to Spanish.


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Timeline : 2020s -- 2010s -- 2000s -- 1990s -- 1980s -- 1970s -- 1960s -- 1950s -- 1940s -- 1930s -- 1920s -- 1910s -- 1900s -- 1850s -- 1800s -- 1700s -- 1600s -- 1500s -- 1450s -- Medieval -- Home


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Pages in category "Spanish language"

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