Category:MS St. Louis (subject)

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MS St Louis.jpg

MS St. Louis (see Holocaust Children Studies)

Overview

On May 13, 1939, the Hamburg-Amerika luxury liner, MS St. Louis, sailed for Havana, Cuba, carrying 937 Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany (including 200 children). The plan was to wait there for permission to enter the US.

All passengers bore legitimate landing certificates for Cuba. However, during the two-week period that the ship was en route to Havana, the landing certificates granted by the Cuban director general of immigration in lieu of regular visas, were invalidated by the pro-fascist Cuban government. As a result, when the St. Louis reached Havana on May 27, 1939, Cuban authorities denied entry to all but 28 of the passengers. The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) dispatched Lawrence Berenson to Cuba to negotiate with local officials but Cuban president Federico Laredo Bru insisted that the ship leave Havana harbor. After a week, the ship sailed to the American coast, but was denied entry.

The US government likewise refused to make any exception to the quota limits. On June 6, 1939, the ship was forced to head back to Europe. While the ship was en route to Antwerp, Belgium, Jewish aid organizations negotiated with European governments to admit the passengers rather than return them to Germany (287 to Great Britain; 214 to Belgium; 224 to France; 181 to the Netherlands). The ship docked in Antwerp, Belgium, on June 17, 1939.

Only those who were accepted by Great Britain found relative safety. The others were soon to be subject once again to Nazi rule with the German invasion of western Europe in the spring of 1940. A fortunate few succeeded in emigrating before this became impossible. In the end, 227 of the 619 St. Louis passengers who found temporary refuge in Belgium, France and the Netherlands died at the hands of the Nazis, but the majority survived the war.

The Children

MS St Louis Children.jpg

Group portrait of children on the deck of the MS St. Louis. Pictured in the front row, from left to right are: Herbert Karliner, Harry Guttmann, Hans Schelansky. In the second row: Eugene Moser, unknown, Erich Stein, Walter Karliner, and Hans Fischer.


MS St Louis Children2.jpg

Among those pictured are Evelyn Klein (back row, center), Herbert Karliner (front row, left), Walter Karliner (front row, second from the left), Eric Stein (front row, second from the right), and Harry Fuld (font row, far right).

Disembarked in Cuba (28 passengers, 5 children, all saved)

  1. Evelyn Klein Altman (F / Hungary, 1930-2002), Holocaust survivor
  2. Evelyn Aber / Evelyn Lisi (F / Germany, 1934), Holocaust survivor
  3. Beatrice Bonne Sichel (F / Germany, 1934), Holocaust survivor
  4. Wolfgang Schüfftan (M / Germany, 1936), Holocaust survivor
  5. Hans-Jacob Bonne (M / Germany, 1939), Holocaust survivor

Disembarked in England (288 passengers, 36 children, all saved)

  1. Bella Dubiecki Mlodinoff (F / Germany, 1924), Holocaust survivor
  2. Rosi Guttmann Adler (F / Germany, 1924), Holocaust survivor
  3. Margit Banemann / Margit Hess (F / Germany, 1925), Holocaust survivor
  4. Karl Kirchhausen (M / Germany, 1925), Holocaust survivor
  5. Wolfgang Metis / Frank Metis (M / Germany, 1925), Holocaust survivor
  6. Helga Guttmann Fixler (F / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
  7. Sonja Knepel / Sonja Sternberg (F / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
  8. Fritz Loewe / Frederick Loewe (M / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
  9. Joseph Singer (M / Germany, 1927), Holocaust survivor
  10. Liselotte Arndt / Lotte Brown (F / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor
  11. Harry Guttmann (M / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor
  12. Liesel Joseph / Liesel Loeb (F / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor
  13. Erich Stein / Eric Stein (M / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor
  14. Hans Fuld / Harry Fuld (M / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor
  15. Ingeborg Weil / Ingeborg Ohringer (F / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor
  16. Annette Metis / Annette Gallagher (F / Germany, 1930), Holocaust survivor
  17. Resi Adler (F / Germany, 1931), Holocaust survivor
  18. Philip Freund (M / Germany, 1931), Holocaust survivor
  19. Susanna Weil / Sue Tauber (F / Germany, 1931), Holocaust survivor
  20. Gerd-Fritz Grünstein / Gerald Granston (M / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor
  21. Karl Hoffmann / Charles Hoffmann (M / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor
  22. Wolfgang Schoenemann / William Schoenemann (M / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor
  23. Renate Silberstein (F / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor
  24. Inge Czerninski / Joan Boldt (F / Germany, 1934), Holocaust survivor
  25. Lieselotte Freund / Lisa Avedon (M / Germany, 1934), Holocaust survivor
  26. Sonja Maier / Sonja Geismar (F / Germany, 1935), Holocaust survivor
  27. Hans Meyerstein / John Meyerstein (M / Germany, 1935), Holocaust survivor
  28. Margrit Rosenthal (F / Germany, 1935), Holocaust survivor
  29. Ruth Blumenstock Mandel (F / Austria, 1938), Holocaust survivor
  30. Zilla Dresel Coorsh (F / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor
  31. Lilo Heldenmuth / Lilo Goldstone (F / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor
  32. Israel Riegelhaupt / Israel Ralph (M / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor
  33. Eva Safier / Eva Wiener (F / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor
  34. Beate Schoeps / Beate Avedon (F / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor
  35. Hanna Secemski / Hanna Wolf (F / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor
  36. Gert Silberstein (M / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor

Disembarked in Belgium (??? passengers, 34 children, 9 victims, 25 survivors)

  1. Gerd Altschul / Gerry Allan (M / Germany, 1930), Holocaust survivor
  2. Rolf Altschul / Rolf Allan (M / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor
  3. Alfred Begleiter / Alfred Baert (M / Austria, 1935), Holocaust survivor
  4. Klaus Blatteis / Clark Blatteis (M / Germany, 1932), Holocaust survivor
  5. Jan Charaplewski / Jan Caron (M / Germany, 1930), Holocaust survivor
  6. Peter Charaplewski (M / Germany, 1937), Holocaust survivor
  7. Eva Dublon (F / Germany, 1933-194?), Holocaust victim <Deported at Mechelen & Auschwitz>
  8. Lore Dublon / Lotte Dublon (F / Germany, 1927-194?), Holocaust victim <Deported at Mechelen, Auschwitz & Golleschau>
  9. Bertha Feilchenfeld / Judith Feilchenfeld (F / Germany, 1931), Holocaust survivor
  10. Heinz Feilchenfeld (M / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor
  11. Raphael Feilchenfeld (M / Germany, 1937-194?), Holocaust victim <Died in Brussels, Belgium>
  12. Wolf Feilchenfeld / Ze'ev Feilchenfeld (M / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor
  13. Fella Flamberg / Faye Ben-Saull (F / Germany, 1934), Holocaust survivor
  14. Joachim Grubner (M / Germany, 1925-194?), Holocaust victim <Deported at Drancy & Auschwitz>
  15. Ernst Joseph (M / Germany, 1925-194?), Holocaust victim <Deported at Drancy & Auschwitz>
  16. Hannelore Kaufherr (F / Germany, 1926-194?), Holocaust victim <Deported at Mechelen & Auschwitz>
  17. Anneliese Loeb / Ann Marx (F / Germany, 1930), Holocaust survivor
  18. Armin Loeb (M / Germany, 1930), Holocaust survivor
  19. Ruth Loeb / Ruth Forrest (F / Germany, 1932), Holocaust survivor
  20. Hella Loevinsohn / Hella Roubicek (F / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
  21. Salo Messinger / Sol Messinger (M / Germany, 1932), Holocaust survivor
  22. Lia Motulsky / Leah Kadden (F / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor
  23. Lothar Motulsky / Larry Molton (M / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
  24. Gerda Oberdorfer (F / Germany, 1934), Holocaust survivor
  25. Stefanie Oberdorfer (F / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor
  26. Ernst Roubitschek (M / Austria, 1926), Holocaust survivor
  27. Edith Salmon / Edith Smith (F / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor
  28. Ruth Sandberg (F / Germany, 1925-194?), Holocaust victim <Deported at Mechelen & Auschwitz>
  29. Leo Silber (M / Germany, 1930-194?), Holocaust victim <Deported at Drancy & Auschwitz>
  30. Paul Stark (M / Austria, 1925-194?), Holocaust victim <Deported at Mechelen & Auschwitz>
  31. Fritz-Dieter Vendig (M / Germany, 1932), Holocaust survivor
  32. Heiner Vendig (M / Germany, 1937), Holocaust survivor
  33. Edith Wallerstein / Edith Rotem (F / Germany, 1932), Holocaust survivor
  34. Julius Wallerstein / Jules Wallerstein (F / Germany, 1927), Holocaust survivor

Disembarked in the Netherlands (181 passengers, 31 children, 18 deported, 11 victims, 20 survivors)

  1. Heinz-Georg Blumenstein (M / Austria, 1935), Holocaust survivor
  2. Rudi Dingfelder / Robert Felder (M / Germany, 1924), Holocaust survivor <Deported to Westerbork, Vught, Auschwitz, Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen. Survived>
  3. Michael Fink / Michael Barak (M / Germany, 1935), Holocaust survivor
  4. Eva Ruth Friedmann / Eva Ruth Rapp-Fleischmann (F / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor <Deported to Westerbork & Theresienstadt> <Survived>
  5. Gerhard Gabel (M / Germany, 1937-1944), Holocaust victim <Deported to Westerbork, Theresienstadt & Auschwitz>
  6. Alexander Gruber (M / Germany, 1926-194?), Holocaust victim <Deported to Westerbork, Theresienstadt, Auschwitz, Dachau, Flossenburg & Leitmeritz>
  7. Lutz Grünthal (M / Germany, 1928-1944), Holocaust victim <Deported to Westerbork, Theresienstadt & Auschwitz>
  8. Horst-Martin Grünthal (M / Germany, 1930-1944), Holocaust victim <Deported to Westerbork, Theresienstadt & Auschwitz>
  9. Ruthild Grünthal (F / Germany, 1928-1944), Holocaust victim <Deported to Westerbork, Theresienstadt & Auschwitz>
  10. Sibyll Grünthal (F / Germany, 1931-1944), Holocaust victim <Deported to Westerbork, Theresienstadt & Auschwitz>
  11. ?? Martin Hess (M / Germany, 1924), Holocaust survivor
  12. Joachim Hirsch (M / Germany, 1937-1944), Holocaust victim <Deported to Westerbork, Theresienstadt & Auschwitz>
  13. Thomas Jacobsohn (M / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor
  14. Rudolf Jacobsohn / Rudolf Cohen (M / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor
  15. Annemarie Karmann (F / Austria, 1935), Holocaust survivor <Deported to Westerbork & Ravensbruck. Survived>
  16. Hannelore Klein Grünberg (F / Germany, 1927), Holocaust survivor <Deported to Westerbork, Theresienstadt, Auschwitz & Mauthausen. Survived>
  17. ?? Hans Lenneber (M / Germany, 1924), Holocaust survivor
  18. Ingeborg Levin / Inge Schneider (F / Germany, 1925), Holocaust survivor <Deported to Westerbork & Bergen-Belsen. Survived>
  19. Miriam Levin Michaelis (F / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor <Deported to Westerbork & Bergen-Belsen. Survived>
  20. Hans Otto Loeb (M / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
  21. Gert Egon Philippi (M / Germany, 1925), Holocaust survivor
  22. Renate Reutlinger / Ronnie Breslow (F / Germany, 1930), Holocaust survivor
  23. Jan Schillinger / John Schilling (M / Czechia, 1936), Holocaust survivor
  24. Jiri Schillinger / George Schilling (M / Czechia, 1938), Holocaust survivor
  25. Ilse Simon (F / Germany, 1928-1943), Holocaust victim <Deported to Westerbork & Sobibor. Perished>
  26. Ines Spanier / Ines Jacoby (F / Germany, 1932), Holocaust survivor <Deported to Westerbork. Survived>
  27. Renate Spanier / Renee Goldman (F / Germany, 1932), Holocaust survivor <Deported to Westerbork. Survived>
  28. Werner Stein (M / Germany, 1936-1943), Holocaust victim <Deported to Westerbork & Auschwitz. Perished>
  29. Franz Peter Warschawsky (M / Germany, 1934), Holocaust survivor
  30. Ernst Weistock (M / Germany, 1931-1943), Holocaust victim <Deported to Westerbork & Sobibor. Perished>
  31. Renate Weltmann (F / Germany, 1930-1943), Holocaust victim <Deported to Westerbork & Auschwitz. Perished>

Disembarked in France (224 passengers, 39 children)

  1. Magdalena Bardeleben / Magdalena Vargish (F / Germany, 1930), Holocaust survivor <not Jewish>
  2. Dieter Brandt (M / Germany, 1937-1942), Holocaust victim <Deported to Septfonds, Drancy & Auschwitz. Perished>
  3. Nissim Eskenazy (F / Germany, 1939), Holocaust survivor
  4. Hans Hermann Fischer (M / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor
  5. Ruth Fischer / Ruth Bickhardt (F / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor
  6. Lore Alice Goldschmidt / Lore Alice Oster (F / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
  7. Heinz Goldstein / Henry Gallant (M / Germany, 1928-2019), Holocaust survivor
  8. Heinz Ludwig Greve (M / Germany, 1924), Holocaust survivor
  9. Evelyn Greve (F / Germany, 1928-1944), Holocaust victim <Arrested in Italy. Deported in Borgo San Dalmazzo, Auschwitz. Perished>
  10. Ruth Heilbrun Windmuller (F / Germany, 1925), Holocaust survivor
  11. Ingeborg Heilbrun (F / Germany, 1925-194?), Holocaust victim * Chateau de Montintin <Deported to Drancy & Auschwitz. Perished>
  12. Gunther Heilbrun (F / Germany, 1924-194?), Holocaust victim * Chateau de Montintin
  13. Ilse Hess Shellan (F / Germany, 1927), Holocaust survivor * Chateau de Montintin
  14. Bella Isner Uhlfelder (F / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor <Deported to Poitiers & Drancy. Survived>
  15. Ruth Isner Kissinger (F / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor <Deported to Poitiers & Drancy. Survived>
  16. Gunther Joel (M / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor * Chateau de Montintin
  17. Brigitte Joseph (F / Germany, 1930-1942), Holocaust victim <Deported to Casseneuil, Drancy, Auschwitz. Perished>
  18. Walter Karliner (M / Germany, 1924), Holocaust survivor
  19. Herbert Karliner (M / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
  20. Ruth Karliner (F / Germany, 1927-1942), Holocaust victim <Deported to Drancy, Auschwitz. Perished>
  21. Judith Köppel / Judith Steel (F / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor <Deported to Gurs. Then hidden (parents killed). Survived>
  22. Wolfgang Manasse (M / Germany, 1929-1943), Holocaust victim <Arrested in Italy. Deported from Borgo San Dalmazzo to Drancy and Auschwitz. Perished>
  23. Elisabeth Mendel / Lisa Loshin (F / Germany, 1931), Holocaust survivor * Chateau Le Masgelier <OSE France>
  24. Karl Mendel (M / Germany, 1935), Holocaust survivor * Chateau Le Masgelier
  25. Eugene Moses / Gene Moser (M / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
  26. Helmut Moses / Harvey Moser (M / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor
  27. Friedrich Reif / Frederick Reif (M / Austria, 1927), Holocaust survivor
  28. Liane Reif Lehrer (F / Germany, 1934), Holocaust survivor
  29. Harry Roth (M / Germany, 1930), Holocaust survivor <Casablanca to Cuba 23 Mar1942,Triscornia Camp until dep for US in 1951; OSE Montmorency until June 1941>
  30. Horst Rotholz (M / Germany, 1924-194?), Holocaust victim * Chateau de Montintin <OSE: married passenger Ilse Hess>
  31. Hans-Heinz Shelansky / Henry Shellan (M / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
  32. Helga Skotzki (F / Germany, 1927-1942), Holocaust victim -- Gunter, 46 ans, né le 26/04/1896, tricoteur, et son épouse Charlotte, 48 ans, née Feldmann le 14/04/1894, sont réfugiés à Clairac avec leurs deux enfants nés à Berlin (Allemagne), Helga, 15 ans, né le 10/11/1927, étudiante, et Inge, 14 ans, né le 02/12/1928, étudiant. Arrêtée parce que juive, elle est envoyée au Camp de Sauvaud à Casseneuil, avant d'être déportée sans retour du Camp de Drancy vers Auschwitz par le convoi n° 30 du 9 septembre 1942.
  33. Inge Skotzki (F / Germany, 1928-1942), Holocaust victim <Deported to Casseneuil, Drancy, Auschwitz. Perished>
  34. Walter Trödel (M / Austria, 1925-194?), Holocaust victim <Deported to Drancy, Auschwitz. Perished>
  35. Erich Trödel (M / Austria, 1929-194?), Holocaust victim <Deported to Drancy, Auschwitz. Perished>
  36. Gerda Waldbaum (F / Germany, 1937), Holocaust survivor
  37. Ernst Weil (M / Germany, 1924), Holocaust survivor
  38. Rudi Windmüller (M / Germany, 1925), Holocaust survivor <OSE; no SSDI; died in early 1960s - was in the US Army, diagnosed with MS.>
  39. Hidegard Wolff Goldsmith (F / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor

Victims and Survivors

Emigrated to England by the Summer 1939

Emigrated to Morocco

Emigrated to the United States by 1942

Survived in hiding

Survived by crossing the Swiss border

Survived in camps

Perished in the Holocaust

  1. Horst Rotholz (M / Germany, 1924-194?), Holocaust victim
  2. Gunther Heilbrun (F / Germany, 1924-194?), Holocaust victim
  3. Ingeborg Heilbrun (F / Germany, 1925-194?), Holocaust victim
  4. Walter Trödel (M / Austria, 1925-194?), Holocaust victim
  5. Alexander Gruber (M / Germany, 1926-194?), Holocaust victim
  6. Ruth Karliner (F / Germany, 1927-1942), Holocaust victim
  7. Helga Skotzki (F / Germany, 1927-194?), Holocaust victim
  8. Evelyn Greve (F / Germany, 1928-194?), Holocaust victim
  9. Lutz Grünthal (M / Germany, 1928-194?), Holocaust victim
  10. Ilse Simon (F / Germany, 1928-194?), Holocaust victim
  11. Ruthild Grünthal (F / Germany, 1928-194?), Holocaust victim
  12. Evelyn Greve (F / Germany, 1928-194?), Holocaust victim
  13. Inge Skotzki (F / Germany, 1928-194?), Holocaust victim
  14. Erich Trödel (M / Austria, 1929-194?), Holocaust victim
  15. Wolfgang Manasse (M / Germany, 1929-194?), Holocaust victim
  16. Joseph Brigitte (M / Germany, 1930-194?), Holocaust victim
  17. Horst-Martin Grünthal (M / Germany, 1930-194?), Holocaust victim
  18. Renate Weltmann (F / Germany, 1930-194?), Holocaust victim
  19. Sibyll Grünthal (F / Germany, 1931-194?), Holocaust victim
  20. Ernst Weistock (M / Germany, 1931-194?), Holocaust victim
  21. Werner Stein (M / Germany, 1936-1943), Holocaust victim
  22. Dieter Brandt (M / Germany, 1937-194?), Holocaust victim
  23. Gerhard Gabel (M / Germany, 1937-194?), Holocaust victim
  24. Joachim Hirsch (M / Germany, 1937-1944), Holocaust victim

External links

Pages in category "MS St. Louis (subject)"

The following 49 pages are in this category, out of 49 total.

1

Media in category "MS St. Louis (subject)"

The following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total.

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