Difference between revisions of "Category:MS St. Louis (subject)"
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'''MS St. Louis''' (see [[Holocaust Children Studies]]) | '''MS St. Louis''' (see [[Holocaust Children Studies]]) | ||
Revision as of 06:13, 6 April 2021
MS St. Louis (see Holocaust Children Studies)
Overview
On May 13, 1939, the Hamburg-Amerika luxury liner, MS St. Louis, sailed for Havana, Cuba, carrying 937 Jewish refugees from Nazi Germany (including 200 children). The plan was to wait there for permission to enter the US.
All passengers bore legitimate landing certificates for Cuba. However, during the two-week period that the ship was en route to Havana, the landing certificates granted by the Cuban director general of immigration in lieu of regular visas, were invalidated by the pro-fascist Cuban government. As a result, when the St. Louis reached Havana on May 27, 1939, Cuban authorities denied entry to all but 28 of the passengers. The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) dispatched Lawrence Berenson to Cuba to negotiate with local officials but Cuban president Federico Laredo Bru insisted that the ship leave Havana harbor. After a week, the ship sailed to the American coast, but was denied entry.
The US government likewise refused to make any exception to the quota limits. On June 6, 1939, the ship was forced to head back to Europe. While the ship was en route to Antwerp, Belgium, Jewish aid organizations negotiated with European governments to admit the passengers rather than return them to Germany (287 to Great Britain; 214 to Belgium; 224 to France; 181 to the Netherlands). The ship docked in Antwerp, Belgium, on June 17, 1939.
Only those who were accepted by Great Britain found relative safety. The others were soon to be subject once again to Nazi rule with the German invasion of western Europe in the spring of 1940. A fortunate few succeeded in emigrating before this became impossible. In the end, many of the St. Louis passengers who found temporary refuge in Belgium, France and the Netherlands died at the hands of the Nazis, but the majority survived the war.
External links
Pages in category "MS St. Louis (subject)"
The following 49 pages are in this category, out of 49 total.
1
- Rudi Dingfelder / Robert Felder (M / Germany, 1924-1986), Holocaust survivor
- Rosi Guttmann / Rose Adler (F / Germany, 1924), Holocaust survivor
- Walter Karliner (M / Germany, 1924), Holocaust survivor
- Egon Salmon (M / Germany, 1924), Holocaust survivor
- Helga Guttmann / Helga Fixler (F / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
- Herbert Karliner (M / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
- Eugene Moses / Gene Moser (M / Germany, 1926), Holocaust survivor
- Ruth Karliner (F / Germany, 1927-1942), Holocaust victim
- Friedrich Reif / Frederick Reif (M / Austria, 1927), Holocaust survivor
- Lieselotte Arndt / Lotte Brown (F / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor
- Hans Hermann Fischer / Hans Fisher (M / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor
- Heinz Goldstein / Henry Gallant (M / Germany, 1928-2019), Holocaust survivor
- Lutz Grünthal (M / Germany, 1928-1944), Holocaust victim
- Harry Guttmann / Harry Goodman (M / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor
- Liesl Joseph / Liesel Loeb (F / Germany, 1928-2013), Holocaust survivor
- Helmut Moses / Harvey Moser (M / Germany, 1928), Holocaust survivor
- Erich Stein / Eric Stein (M / Austria, 1928), Holocaust survivor
- Ruth Fischer / Ruth Bickhardt (F / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor
- Hans Fuld / Harry Fuld (M / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor
- Ingeborg Weil / Ingeborg Ohringer (F / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor
- Gerd Altschul / Gerry Allan (M / Germany, 1930), Holocaust survivor
- Jan Chraplewski / Jan Caron (M / Germany, 1930), Holocaust survivor
- Horst-Martin Grünthal (M / Germany, 1930-1944), Holocaust victim
- Evelyn Klein / Evelyn Altman (F / Hungary, 1930-2002), Holocaust survivor
- Renate Reutlinger / Ronnie Breslow (F / Germany, 1930), Holocaust survivor
- Resi Adler (F / Germany, 1931), Holocaust survivor
- Klaus Blatteis / Clark Blatteis (M / Germany, 1932-2021), Holocaust survivor
- Salo Messinger / Sol Messinger (M / Germany, 1932), Holocaust survivor
- Ines Spanier / Ines Jacoby (F / Germany, 1932), Holocaust survivor
- Fritz Vendig (M / Germany, 1932-2001), Holocaust survivor
- Rolf Altschul / Rolf Allan (M / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor
- Gerd-Fritz Grünstein / Gerald Granston (M / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor
- Rudolf Jacobsohn / Rudolf Cohen (M / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor
- Edith Salmon / Edith Smith (F / Germany, 1933), Holocaust survivor
- Evelyn Aber / Evelyn Lisi (F / Germany, 1934), Holocaust survivor
- Beatrice Bonne / Beatrice Sichel (F / Germany, 1934), Holocaust survivor
- Liane Reif / Liane Lehrer (F / Austria, 1934), Holocaust survivor
- Michael Fink / Michael Barak (M / Germany, 1935), Holocaust survivor
- Annemarie Karmann / Ana Gordon (F / Austria, 1935), Holocaust survivor
- Hans Meyerstein / John Meyerstein (M / Germany, 1935), Holocaust survivor
- Wolfgang Schüfftan (M / Germany, 1936), Holocaust survivor
- Werner Stein (M / Germany, 1936-1943), Holocaust victim
- Peter Chraplewski (M / Germany, 1937), Holocaust survivor
- Joachim Hirsch (M / Germany, 1937-1944), Holocaust victim
- Heiner Vendig (M / Germany, 1937-2003), Holocaust survivor
- Ruth Blumenstock / Ruth Mandel (F / Austria, 1938), Holocaust survivor
- Thomas Jacobsohn (M / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor
- Judith Köppel / Judith Steel (F / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor
- Hans-Jacob Bonne (M / Germany, 1939), Holocaust survivor
Media in category "MS St. Louis (subject)"
The following 2 files are in this category, out of 2 total.
- Walter Karliner.jpg 788 × 1,200; 127 KB
- Herbert Karliner.png 675 × 605; 417 KB