Difference between revisions of "Category:Herod the Great (subject)"

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*This page is edited by [[Samuele Rocca]], Israel
*DICTIONARY: see [[Herod the Great]]
*ANCIENT SOURCES: see [[Herod the Great (sources)]]




'''Herod the Great''' (1st century BCE) was Governor of Galilee (47-40 BCE) and then King of Israel (37-4 BCE). 
This category includes (in chronological order) scholarly and fictional works dealing with the character of [[Herod the Great]].
 
==Biography==
Herod the Great was the second son of the Idumean [[:Category:Antipater (subject)|Antipater]] and the Nabatean Cypros. In 47 BCE [[Antipater]] was made procurator of Judea by [[Julius Caesar]] and appointed his sons [[:Category:Phasael (subject)|Phasael]] and Herod as governors of [[Jerusalem]] and [[Galilee]] respectively.
 
In 43 BCE [[Antipater]], who supported [[Cassius]], was poisoned. Herod and [[Phasael]] were quick enough to switch allegiance to [[Mark Anthony]] and retain power.
 
In 40 BCE Herod faced an even greater challenge. The Hasmonean [[:Category:Antigonus (subject)|Antigonus]] allied himself with the [[Parthians]] and by deception captured both [[Phasael]] and the High Priest [[:Category:John Hyrcanus II (subject)|John Hyrcanus II]]. Hyrcanus was mutilated to make him unfit for the office; [[Phasael]] committed suicide.
Herod fled to [[Rome]]; the Senate accepted his plea and elected him ''King of the Jews'' with the task of restoring the power of Rome in the region against the [[Parthians]]. At the same time, Herod married the granddaughter of John Hyrcanus II, [[:Category:Mariamne (subject)|Mariamne]], to secure the support of the rival portion of the [[Hasmoneans]] to his cause against the Hasmonean [[:Category:Antigonus (subject)|Antigonus]].
 
Herod achieved full victory; from 37 BCE to his death in 4 BCE he would be the sole and undisputed ruler of Judea. Herod always remained a loyal ally of the [[Romans]] and their leaders.
 
In 34 BCE [[Mark Anthony]] granted to [[Cleopatra]] the balsam plantations near Jericho, parts of Herod’s kingdom. In 32 BCE a civil war between [[Mark Anthony]] and [[Cleopatra]] on one side and [[Augustus|Octavian]] on the other side. Herod, who sided with [[Mark Anthony]] begun a war against the [[Nabataeans]] and defeats them. After the battle of Actium, Herod sides with [[Augustus|Octavian]]. In 30 BCE Herod met [[Augustus|Octavian]] at Rhodes and he was confirmed as King of Judaea. Moreover, Herod received from [[Augustus|Octavian]] Jericho, given by [[Mark Anthony]] to [[Cleopatra]], the Decapolis region with the cities of Gadara and Hippos, the Samaria region, and the coastal cities of Gaza, Anthedon, and Straton Tower, made independent by [[Pompey]] and [[Gabinius]].
 
The alliance of Herod with the [[:Category:Hasmoneans (subject)|Hasmoneans]] did not last long. Herod first killed [[Mariamne]]'s brother, [[:Category:Aristobulus III (subject)|Aristobulus III]], whom he had briefly appointed High Priest. Then Herod killed [[John Hyrcanus II]], after treacherously inviting to return to [[Jerusalem]] from his confinement in Parthia. Ultimately, [[:Category:Mariamne (subject)|Mariamne]], as well as Alexandra Herod's mother in law, also were executed in 29 BCE.
 
Between 27-25 BCE Herod sent 500 soldiers to [[Aelius Gallus]], Prefect of Egypt in his campaign against Arabia. In 25 BCE, as famine and pestilence devastated the country, Herod appeal to [[Petronius]], Prefect of Egypt, for help.
In 23-22 BCE Herod was given by [[Augustus|Octavian]] the Districts of Trachonitis, Batanaea and Auranitis. Herod’s kingdom had by now the same borders of the Hasmonean kingdom at his gratest extension. Later on, in 20 BCE [[Augustus|Octavian]], when visiting Syria presented Herod with the territory of [[Zenodorus]], which included Ituraea.
In 18-17 BCE Herod travelled to Rome to bring home his sons [[Alexandros]] and [[Aristobulus]].
In 15 BCE [[Agrippa]] visited Herod in Jerusalem. The following year, in 14 BCE Herod joined [[Agrippa]] in Asia Minor. There, he was received by the local Jewish communities. In 12 BCE, once more Herod travelled to Rome to accuse his sons [[Alexander]] and [[Aristobulus]] in front of [[Augustus|Octavian]] at Aquileia. [[Augustus|Octavian]] was succesfull in settling the quarrel. In 10 BCE Herod travelled once more to Rome. In 9 BCE as consequence of the Second War against the [[Nabataeans]], Herod is in disfavour with Augustus. However, by 7 BCE, thanks to the good offices of [[Nicolaus of Damascus]], Herod was once more in favour with the Roman ruler.
 
Herod proved to be a very effective ruler. He completed ambitious construction projects in [[Jericho]], where he edified three palaces in the Wadi Qelt area between 40 and 15 BCE. At [[Jerusalem]], between 20 and 19 BCE he begun the rebuilding of the Temple, which was inaugurated by Herod and [[Agrippa]] in 15 BCE. Herod erected in Jerusalem as well the Antonia Fortress, located in the north western corner of the Temple Mount. In the western part of the city a huge palace, which included three huge towers, named after Mariamme, Phasael and Hyppicos was erected.[[Samaria]] was dedicated in 25 BCE as [[Sebaste]] in honor of [[Augustus|Octavian]]. In 23 BCE Herod founded the harbor and the city of [[Caesarea Maritima]], dedicated in 10 BCE. New fortresses were erected to defend the kingdom, such as the [[Herodium]] and [[Masada]].
 
The succession to his throne proved to be a very complicated matter. With many wives and children, Herod had many options but was not able to control the intrigues and the competition. In 7 BCE Herod had the two sons of [[Mariamne]], [[Alexandros]] and [[Aristobulus IV]], executed. In 4 BCE the same fate came to his oldest son, [[:Category:Antipater II (subject)|Antipater II]]. The fame of Herod as a fearful and suspicious child murder, which the [[Gospel of Matthew]] has left to the Christian tradition, was not totally undeserved.
At the end, Herod divided his kingdom in three parts to be given each to one of his surviving children, [[:Category:Herod Archelaus (subject)|Herod Archelaus]], who inherited Judaea, Samaria, and Idumaea [[:Category:Herod Antipas (subject)|Herod Antipas]], who inherited [[Galilee]] and [[:Category:Herod Philip (subject)|Herod Philip]], who inherited the Gaulanitis area.
 
==Herod the Great in ancient sources==
 
==Herod the Great in Scholarship==
 
==Herod the Great in Fiction==
 
==Related categories==
*[[Herodians]] / [[:Category:Mariamne (subject)|Mariamne (subject)]]
 
==External links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herod_the_Great Wikipedia]
 
==Select Bibliography (articles)==
*'''Herod the Great''' / [[Adam Marshak]] / In: [[The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow), edited volume]], 729-735
 
 
[[Category:Subjects]]
[[Category:People]]

Revision as of 09:06, 12 October 2011


This category includes (in chronological order) scholarly and fictional works dealing with the character of Herod the Great.

Pages in category "Herod the Great (subject)"

The following 108 pages are in this category, out of 108 total.

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