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*ANCIENT SOURCES: see [[High Priests (sources)]] | |||
*LIST OF SCHOLARLY AND FICTIONAL WORKS: see [[:Category:High Priest (subject)]] | |||
The '''High Priests''' were the supreme religious authority of the Second Temple. | |||
==Overview== | |||
==List of High Priests, and years in office== | |||
====Persian Period==== | |||
*1. [[Joshua ben Jehozadak]], ca. 515-490 BCE | |||
*2. [[Joiakim ben Joshua]], ca. 490-470 BCE | |||
*3. [[Eliashib ben Joiakim]], ca. 470-433 BCE | |||
*4. [[Joiada ben Eliashib]], ca. 433-410 BCE | |||
*5. [[Johanan ben Joiada]], ca. 410-371 BCE | |||
*6. [[Jaddua ben Johanan]], ca. 371-320 BCE | |||
====Greek Period==== | |||
*7. [[Onias I]], son of Jaddua, ca. 320-280 BCE | |||
*8. [[Simon I]], son of Onias, ca. 280-260 BCE | |||
*9. [[Eleazar ben Onias]], ca. 260-245 BCE | |||
*10. [[Manasseh ben Jaddua]], ca. 245-240 BCE | |||
*11. [[Onias II]], son of Simon, ca. 240-218 BCE | |||
*12. [[Simon II]], son of Onias, 218-185 BCE | |||
*13. [[Onias III]], son of Simon, 185-175 BCE, murdered 170 BCE | |||
*14. [[Jason]], son of Simon, 175-172 BCE | |||
*15. [[Menelaus]], 172-162 BCE | |||
*16. [[Alcimus]], 162-159 BCE | |||
<Inter-Sacerdotium>, 159-153 | |||
====Hasmonean Period==== | |||
*17. [[Jonathan Maccabeus]], son of [[Mattathias]], and brother of [[Judas Maccabeus]], 153-143 BCE | |||
*18. [[Simon Maccabeus]], son of [[Mattathias]], and brother of [[Jonathan Maccabeus]], 142-134 BCE | |||
*19. [[John Hyrcanus]], son of [[Simon Maccabeus]], 134-104 BCE | |||
*20. [[Aristobulus]], son of [[John Hyrcanus]], 104-103 BCE | |||
*21. [[Alexander Jannaeus]], son of [[John Hyrcanus]], and brother of [[Aristobulus]], 103-76 BCE | |||
*22. [[John Hyrcanus II]], son of [[Alexander Jannaeus]], 76-67 (as High Priest), 66 (as High Priest and King), and 63-40 (as High Priest) | |||
*23. [[Aristobulus II]], son of [[Alexander Jannaeus]] and [[Salome Alexandra]], brother of [[John Hyrcanus II]], 66-63 BCE (as High Priest and King) | |||
====Roman Period==== | |||
*[22 bis] [[John Hyrcanus II]], 63-40 | |||
**Was the son of [[Alexander Jannaeus]], and the brother of [[Aristobulus II]] | |||
**Was restored by the Romans as High Priest | |||
*24. [[Antigonus]], 40-37 | |||
**Was the younger son of [[Aristobulus II]], and the nephew of [[John Hyrcanus II]] | |||
**Was supported by the [[Parthians]] as High Priest and King | |||
''Appointed by [[Herod the Great]]:'' | |||
*25. [[Ananel]] (Ananelus), 37-35 BCE | |||
**Served under [[Herod the Great]] | |||
**Came from the Diaspora community in Babylon. | |||
*26. [[Aristobulus III]], 35 BCE | |||
**Was a member of the Hasmonean dynasty, the son of [[Alexander of Judaea]] and [[Alexandra the Hasmonean]], and the brother of Herod's wife [[Mariamne]] | |||
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]), who had him murdered. | |||
*[25 bis] [[Ananel]] (Ananelus) restored) 35-30? BCE | |||
**Was restored by [[Herod the Great]] after the assassination of [[Aristobulus III]] | |||
*27. [[Joshua ben Phiabi]], 30?-23? BCE | |||
**Served under [[Herod the Great]] | |||
*28. [[Simon ben Boethus]], 23? to 5 BCE | |||
**Served under [[Herod the Great]] | |||
*29. [[Matthias ben Theophilus]], 5-4 BCE | |||
**Served under [[Herod the Great]] | |||
*30. [[Joazar ben Boethus]] 4 BCE | |||
**Served under [[Herod the Great]] | |||
''Appointed by [[Herod Archelaus]]:'' | |||
*31. [[Eleazar ben Boethus]], 4-3 BCE | |||
**Served under [[Herod Archelaus]] | |||
*32. [[Joshua ben Sie]] 3 BCE - ? | |||
**Served under [[Herod Archelaus]] | |||
*[30 bis] [[Joazar ben Boethus]] restored, ? - 6 CE | |||
**Served under [[Herod Archelaus]] | |||
''Appointed by [[Quirinius]]:'' | |||
*33. [[Annas]] ([[Ananus ben Seth]]), 6-15 | |||
**Served under all Roman Governors appointed by [[Augustus]], namely, [[Coponius]], [[Ambivulus]], and [[Rufus]] | |||
''Appointed by [[Valerius Gratus]]:'' | |||
*34. [[Ishmael ben Phiabi]] (Ishmael ben Fabus), 15-16 | |||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Gratus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]] | |||
*35. [[Eleazar ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 16-17 | |||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Gratus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]] | |||
*36. [[Simon ben Camith]] 17-18 | |||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Gratus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]] | |||
*37. [[Caiaphas]] (Joseph Caiaphas), 18-36 | |||
**Was the son-in-law of [[Annas]] | |||
**Served under Roman Governors, [[Gratus]] and [[Pontius Pilate]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]] | |||
''Appointed by [[Vitellius]]:'' | |||
*38. [[Jonathan ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 36-37 | |||
**Served under Roman Governor, [[Marcellus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]] | |||
*39. [[Theophilus ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 37-41 | |||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Marullus]], and Emperor [[Caligula]] | |||
''Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa]]:'' | |||
*40. [[Simon Cantheras ben Boethus]], 41-42 | |||
**Served under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]] | |||
*41. [[Matthias ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 43 | |||
**Served under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]] | |||
*42. [[Elionaeus ben Cantheras]] 43-44 | |||
**Served under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]] | |||
*[38 bis] [[Jonathan ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 44 | |||
**Was restored under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]] | |||
''Appointed by [[Herod of Chalcis]]:'' | |||
*43. [[Joseph ben Camei]] (Josephus ben Camydus), 44-46 | |||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Fadus]], and Emperor [[Claudius]] | |||
*44. [[Ananias ben Nebedaeus]], 46-52 | |||
**Served under Roman Governors [[Tiberius Alexander]] and [[Cumanus]], and Emperor [[Claudius]] | |||
*[38 ter] [[Jonathan ben Ananus]], 52-56 | |||
**Was restored under Roman Governor [[Felix]], and Emperors [[Claudius]] and [[Nero]]) | |||
''Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]]:'' | |||
*45. [[Ishmael ben Phiabi II]] (Ishmael ben Fabus II), 56-62 | |||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Festus]], and Emperor [[Nero]]) | |||
*46 [[Joseph ben Simon]] (Joseph Cabi ben Simon) 62-63 | |||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Albinus]], and Emperor [[Nero]] | |||
*47. [[Ananus ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 63 | |||
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], was removed from office by Roman Governor [[Albinus]] | |||
*48. [[Joshua ben Damnaeus]] 63 | |||
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], served under Roman Governor [[Albinus]] | |||
*49. [[Joshua ben Gamaliel]] 63-64 | |||
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], served under Roman Governor [[Albinus]] | |||
**According to the Mishnah, his wife Martha belonged to the House of [[Boethus]] | |||
*50. [[Matthias ben Theophilus]], 65-68? | |||
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], served under Roman Governor [[Florus]], and Emperor [[Nero]], and in the first two years of the Jewish War | |||
**Might be the son of [[Theophilus ben Ananus]] and then the grandson of [[:Category:Annas (subject)|Annas]] | |||
''Appointed by the Zealots:'' | |||
*51. [[Phannias ben Samuel]], 68?-70? | |||
**Was chosen by lot by the rebels during the [[Jewish War]] | |||
==The High Priest in ancient sources== | |||
==The High Priest in Scholarship== | |||
==The High Priest in Fiction== | |||
==Related categories== | |||
*[[Zadokites]] / [[:Category:Hasmoneans (subject)|Hasmoneans (subject)]] | |||
==External links== | |||
*[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel Wikipedia] | |||
==Select Bibliography (articles)== | |||
*'''High Priests''' / [[James C. vanderKam]] / In: [[The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow), edited volume]], 739-741 | |||
[[Category:Index]] | |||
[[Category:People]] | |||
[[Category:Topics]] |
Revision as of 06:36, 21 October 2011
- ANCIENT SOURCES: see High Priests (sources)
- LIST OF SCHOLARLY AND FICTIONAL WORKS: see Category:High Priest (subject)
The High Priests were the supreme religious authority of the Second Temple.
Overview
List of High Priests, and years in office
Persian Period
- 1. Joshua ben Jehozadak, ca. 515-490 BCE
- 2. Joiakim ben Joshua, ca. 490-470 BCE
- 3. Eliashib ben Joiakim, ca. 470-433 BCE
- 4. Joiada ben Eliashib, ca. 433-410 BCE
- 5. Johanan ben Joiada, ca. 410-371 BCE
- 6. Jaddua ben Johanan, ca. 371-320 BCE
Greek Period
- 7. Onias I, son of Jaddua, ca. 320-280 BCE
- 8. Simon I, son of Onias, ca. 280-260 BCE
- 9. Eleazar ben Onias, ca. 260-245 BCE
- 10. Manasseh ben Jaddua, ca. 245-240 BCE
- 11. Onias II, son of Simon, ca. 240-218 BCE
- 12. Simon II, son of Onias, 218-185 BCE
- 13. Onias III, son of Simon, 185-175 BCE, murdered 170 BCE
- 14. Jason, son of Simon, 175-172 BCE
- 15. Menelaus, 172-162 BCE
- 16. Alcimus, 162-159 BCE
<Inter-Sacerdotium>, 159-153
Hasmonean Period
- 17. Jonathan Maccabeus, son of Mattathias, and brother of Judas Maccabeus, 153-143 BCE
- 18. Simon Maccabeus, son of Mattathias, and brother of Jonathan Maccabeus, 142-134 BCE
- 19. John Hyrcanus, son of Simon Maccabeus, 134-104 BCE
- 20. Aristobulus, son of John Hyrcanus, 104-103 BCE
- 21. Alexander Jannaeus, son of John Hyrcanus, and brother of Aristobulus, 103-76 BCE
- 22. John Hyrcanus II, son of Alexander Jannaeus, 76-67 (as High Priest), 66 (as High Priest and King), and 63-40 (as High Priest)
- 23. Aristobulus II, son of Alexander Jannaeus and Salome Alexandra, brother of John Hyrcanus II, 66-63 BCE (as High Priest and King)
Roman Period
- [22 bis] John Hyrcanus II, 63-40
- Was the son of Alexander Jannaeus, and the brother of Aristobulus II
- Was restored by the Romans as High Priest
- 24. Antigonus, 40-37
- Was the younger son of Aristobulus II, and the nephew of John Hyrcanus II
- Was supported by the Parthians as High Priest and King
Appointed by Herod the Great:
- 25. Ananel (Ananelus), 37-35 BCE
- Served under Herod the Great
- Came from the Diaspora community in Babylon.
- 26. Aristobulus III, 35 BCE
- Was a member of the Hasmonean dynasty, the son of Alexander of Judaea and Alexandra the Hasmonean, and the brother of Herod's wife Mariamne
- Served under Herod the Great), who had him murdered.
- [25 bis] Ananel (Ananelus) restored) 35-30? BCE
- Was restored by Herod the Great after the assassination of Aristobulus III
- 27. Joshua ben Phiabi, 30?-23? BCE
- Served under Herod the Great
- 28. Simon ben Boethus, 23? to 5 BCE
- Served under Herod the Great
- 29. Matthias ben Theophilus, 5-4 BCE
- Served under Herod the Great
- 30. Joazar ben Boethus 4 BCE
- Served under Herod the Great
Appointed by Herod Archelaus:
- 31. Eleazar ben Boethus, 4-3 BCE
- Served under Herod Archelaus
- 32. Joshua ben Sie 3 BCE - ?
- Served under Herod Archelaus
- [30 bis] Joazar ben Boethus restored, ? - 6 CE
- Served under Herod Archelaus
Appointed by Quirinius:
- 33. Annas (Ananus ben Seth), 6-15
Appointed by Valerius Gratus:
- 34. Ishmael ben Phiabi (Ishmael ben Fabus), 15-16
- 35. Eleazar ben Ananus, son of Annas, 16-17
- 36. Simon ben Camith 17-18
- 37. Caiaphas (Joseph Caiaphas), 18-36
- Was the son-in-law of Annas
- Served under Roman Governors, Gratus and Pontius Pilate, and Emperor Tiberius
Appointed by Vitellius:
- 38. Jonathan ben Ananus, son of Annas, 36-37
- 39. Theophilus ben Ananus, son of Annas, 37-41
Appointed by Herod Agrippa:
- 40. Simon Cantheras ben Boethus, 41-42
- Served under King Herod Agrippa, and Emperor Claudius
- 41. Matthias ben Ananus, son of Annas, 43
- Served under King Herod Agrippa, and Emperor Claudius
- 42. Elionaeus ben Cantheras 43-44
- Served under King Herod Agrippa, and Emperor Claudius
- [38 bis] Jonathan ben Ananus, son of Annas, 44
- Was restored under King Herod Agrippa, and Emperor Claudius
Appointed by Herod of Chalcis:
- 43. Joseph ben Camei (Josephus ben Camydus), 44-46
- 44. Ananias ben Nebedaeus, 46-52
- Served under Roman Governors Tiberius Alexander and Cumanus, and Emperor Claudius
- [38 ter] Jonathan ben Ananus, 52-56
Appointed by Herod Agrippa II:
- 45. Ishmael ben Phiabi II (Ishmael ben Fabus II), 56-62
- 46 Joseph ben Simon (Joseph Cabi ben Simon) 62-63
- 47. Ananus ben Ananus, son of Annas, 63
- Appointed by Herod Agrippa II, was removed from office by Roman Governor Albinus
- 48. Joshua ben Damnaeus 63
- Appointed by Herod Agrippa II, served under Roman Governor Albinus
- 49. Joshua ben Gamaliel 63-64
- Appointed by Herod Agrippa II, served under Roman Governor Albinus
- According to the Mishnah, his wife Martha belonged to the House of Boethus
- 50. Matthias ben Theophilus, 65-68?
- Appointed by Herod Agrippa II, served under Roman Governor Florus, and Emperor Nero, and in the first two years of the Jewish War
- Might be the son of Theophilus ben Ananus and then the grandson of Annas
Appointed by the Zealots:
- 51. Phannias ben Samuel, 68?-70?
- Was chosen by lot by the rebels during the Jewish War
The High Priest in ancient sources
The High Priest in Scholarship
The High Priest in Fiction
Related categories
External links
Select Bibliography (articles)
- High Priests / James C. vanderKam / In: The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow), edited volume, 739-741