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The Synoptic Gospels

The Q Hypothesis

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The Gospel of Matthew (see [1]) is a New Testament document.

• See Q Gospel / Gospel of Mark / Gospel of Luke / Gospel of John / Gospel of Thomas

Overview

The Matthean community

Matthew is based on Mark and Q (material in common with Luke). Matthew reworked his sources in his own way and has also some unique material.

The questions of Matthew’s Jewish-Christian community:

(a) Who is Jesus the Messiah?

• Jesus is the Beloved Son (“No one knows the Father except the Son (11:27)
• Jesus is the Son of Man, the final judge, but he is also the new Moses (descendant of Abraham) and the son of David.
• Jesus is the Messiah for the forgiveness of sin, through his teaching (9:12-13) and death (26:28).

Emphasis on faith (Mt 8:10; 15:28; 17:19-20), in order to receive justification. But the Last Judgment will be according to the deeds (Mt 25:31-46)

(b) The relationship with the Torah.

Jesus is the new Moses who delivers a major speech from the mountain.

• The Torah is binding on believers (Mt 5:17-20).
• The “new” teaching is based on the “old” one (Mt 13:52)

Jesus is the Jewish Messiah and Christianity is seen as a form of Judaism. Jesus commands his disciples “to make disciples of all nations and to baptize them”. But he also says “to teach them to obey everything I commanded you” (28:19). Gentiles “will eat with Abraham and Isaac and Jacob” only “in the kingdom of heaven” (Mt 8:11).

(c) The destruction of the Jerusalem Temple

Jerusalem is “the city that kills the prophet and stone those who are sent to it” (Mt 23:37)

• Jesus foresaw the destruction of the Temple (Mt 24)
• Jerusalem deserved to be punished (Mt 27:25)
• The Parable of the vineyard (Mt 21:33-46)
• The destruction of the Temple “is not the end, yet” (24:6).

(d) The leadership of the Pharisees

They are associated to the Sadducees as the enemies of John the Baptist (3:7ff) and Jesus (Mt 12:14; 16:1; 16:5-12; 21:45) and his disciples (27:62) The relationship is much more negative than in Mark. They are hypocrites (Mt 23, and the parable of the two sons, Mt 21:28-32)

The righteousness of the Christians must exceed that of the Pharisees Undivided heart (Mt 5:21-48) Not like the hypocrites (and the Gentiles) (Mt 6) In particular, the oral tradition of the Pharisees is rejected (but not the purity laws, as in Mark).

(e) The time of the end

The end is no longer seen as imminent as in Mark 9:1 (cf. Mt 16:28). The emphasis is now on the Church (see Mt 16:18-19; and ch. 18), which is the kingdom of God on earth (Mt 13:24ff). The “delay of the end” is explained by the time needed in order to proclaim the good news of the kingdom throughout the world, then the end will come” (24:14)

Gospel of Matthew in manuscript tradition

Gospel of Matthew in Scholarship

Gospel of Matthew in Fiction

The Gospel of Matthew has provide material to numerous works on Jesus of Nazareth, generally in the context of harmonized narratives. In a few cases, artists have devoted their interest specifically to the text of Matthew itself, notably, Il vangelo secondo Matteo (1964 Pasolini), film.

Synopsis

Chapter 1

• Genealogy of Jesus (1:1-17) // Luke 3:23-38
• Annunciation to Joseph (1:18-25) // no parallel

Chapter 2

• Birth of Jesus (2:1a)
• Adoration of the Magi (2:1b-12) // no parallel
• Flight into Egypt (I) (2:13-15) // no parallel
• Massacre of the Innocents (2:16-18) // no parallel
• Flight into Egypt (II) (2:19-23) // no parallel

Chapter 3

• Preaching of John the Baptist (3:1-12) // Mark 1:1-8; Luke 3:3-18; cf. Jn 1:6-8.15.19-36

• Baptism of Jesus (3:13-17) // Mark 1:9-11; Luke 3:21-22 cf. Jn 1:29-34

Chapter 4

• Temptation of Jesus (4:1-11) // Mark 1:12-13; Luke 4:1-13

• Beginning of Galilean Ministry (4:12-17) // Mark 1:14-15; Luke 4:14-15; cf. John 4:1-3)

• Call of the First Disciples (4:18-22) // Mark 1:16-20; Luke 5:1-11; cf. John 1:35-51

• Ministering to a Great Multitude (4:23-25) // Luke 6:17-19

Chapter 5

• Sermon on the Mount (I)
  • Beatitudes (5:1-12) // Luke 6:20-26
  • Salt and Light (5:13-16) // Mark 9:50; Luke 14:34-35
  • Teaching about the Law (5:17-20) no parallel
  • Teaching about Anger (5:21-26) no parallel
  • Teaching about Adultery (5:27-30) no parallel
  • Teaching about Divorce (I) (5:31-32; cf. 19:1-12) // Mark 10:1–12
  • Teaching about Oaths (5:33-37) no parallel
  • Love for Enemies (5:38-48) // Luke 6:27-36

Chapter 6

• Sermon on the Mount (II)
  • Teaching about Almsgiving (6:1-4) no parallel
  • Teaching about Prayer / Lord's Prayer (6:5-15) // Luke 11:2-4
  • Teaching about Fasting (6:16-18) no parallel
  • Treasure in Heaven (6:19-21) // Luke
  • Light of the Body (6:22-23) // Luke 11:33-36
  • God and Mammon (6:24) // Luke 16:13
  • Care and Anxiety (6:25-34) // Luke 12:22-34

Chapter 7

• Sermon on the Mount (III)
  • Judging Others (7:1-5) // Luke 6:37-42; cf. Romans 2:1-5.
  • Ask, Seek, Knock (7:7-12) // Luke 11:9-13
  • Narrow Gate (7:14-14) // Luke 13:24
  • Tree Known by Its Fruit (7:15-20) // Luke 6:43-45
  • Two Foundations (7:21-29) // Luke 6:46-49

Chapter 8

• Cleansing a Leper (8:1-4) // Mark 1:40-45; Luke 5:12-16

• Centurion's Servant (8:5-13) // Luke 7:1-10; John 4:43-54

• Peter's Mother-in-Law (8:14-17) // Mark 1:29-34; Luke 4:38-41

• Would-be Followers of Jesus (8:18-22) // Luke 9:57-62

• Calming the Storm (8:23-27) // Mark 4:35–41; Luke 8:22-25

• Gerasene Demoniac (8:28-34) // Mark 5:1–20; Luke 8:26-39

Chapter 9

• Paralytic at Capernaum (9:1-8) // Mark 2:1-12; Luke 5:17-26

• Recruiting the Tax Collector (9:9-13) // Mark 2:13–17; Luke 5:27-32

• Question about Fasting (9:14-17) // Mark 2:18–22; Luke 5:33-39

• Raising of Jairus' Daughter (I) (9:18–19) // Mark 5:21–24; Luke 8:40–42

• Bleeding Woman (9:20-22) // Mark 5:24-34; Luke 8:43-48

• Raising of Jairus' Daughter (II) (9:23-26) // Mark 5:35–43; Luke 8:49-56

• Two Blind Men (9:27-31) no parallel

• Dumb Man (9:32-34) no parallel

• Compassion of Jesus (9:35-38) no parallel

Chapter 10

• Choosing of the Twelve (10:1-4) // Mark 3:13–19; Luke 6:12-16

• Mission of the Twelve (10:5-15) // Mark 6:6b-13; Luke 9:1-6

• Coming Persecutions (10:16-25) // Mark 13:9-13; Luke 21:12-17

• Whom to Fear (10:26-31) // Luke 12:2-7

• Confessing Christ (10:32-33) // Luke 12:8-9

• Not Peace, but a Sword (10:34-39) // Luke 12:51-53; 14:26-27

• Rewards (10:40-11:1) // Mark 9:41

Chapter 11

• Messengers from John the Baptist (11:2-19) // Luke 7:18-35

• Woe to Unrepentant Cities (11:20-24) // Luke 10:13-15

• Come to Me and Rest (11:25-30) // Luke 10:21-22

Chapter 12

• Lord of the Sabbath (12:1-8) // Mark 2:23-28; Luke 6:1-5

• Man with a Withered Hand (12:9-14) // Mark 3:1-6; Luke 6:6-11

• Chosen Servant (12:15-21) no parallel

• Jesus and Beelzebul (12:22-32) // Mark 3:22–30; Luke 11:14-23

• Tree and Its Fruits (12:33-37) // Luke 6:43-45

• Demand for a Sign (12:38-42) // Mark 8:11–13; Luke 11:29-32

• Return of the Unclean Spirit (12:43-45) // Luke 11:24-26

• Jesus' True Relatives (12:46-50) // Mark 3:31-35; Luke 8:19-21

Chapter 13

• Sower (I) (13:1-9) // Mark 4:1–9; Luke 8:4-8; Thomas 9; 1 Clement 24:5

• Purpose of the Parables (I) (13:10-17) // Mark 4:10-12; Luke 8:9-10

• Sower (II) (13:18-23) // Mark 4:13-20; Luke 8:11-15

• Tares (I) (13:24-30) no parallel

• Mustard Seed (13:31-32) // Mark 4:30–32; Luke 13:18-19; Thomas 20

• Leaven (13:33) // Luke

• Purpose of the Parables (II) (13:34-35) // Mark 4:33-34

• Tares (II) (13:36-43) no parallel

• Three Parables of the Kingdom (13:44-52) // Thomas
  • Parable of the Net (13:47-50) // Thomas 8

• Hometown Rejection (13:53-58) // Mark 6:1–6a; Luke 4:16-30

Chapter 14

• Beheading of John the Baptist (14:1-12) // Mark 6:14-29; Luke 9:7-9

• Feeding the 5000 (14:13-21) // Mark 6:30–44; Luke 9:10-17; John 6:1-14

• Walking on Water (14:22-33) // Mark 6:45–52; cf. John 6:16-21

• Healing in Gennesaret (14:34-36) // Mark 6:53–56

Chapter 15

• Tradition of the Elders (15:1-20) // Mark 7:1–23

• Canaanite Woman (15:21-28) // Mark 7:24–30

• Healing of Many People (15:29-31) no parallel

• Feeding the 4000 (15:32-39) // Mark 8:1–10

Chapter 16

• Demand for a Sign (16:1-4; cf. 12:38-42) // Mark 8:11–13; Luke 11:29-32

• Beware of Yeast (16:5-12) // Mark 8:14-21

• Peter's Confession (16:13-20) // Mark 8:27–30; Luke 9:18-21

• First Prediction of the Passion (16:21-28) // Mark 8:31-9:1; Luke 9:22-27

Chapter 17

• Transfiguration of Jesus (17:1-13) // Mark 9:2–13; Luke 9:28-36

• Possessed Boy (17:14-20) // Mark 9:14-29; Luke 9:37-43a

• Second Prediction of the Passion (17:22-23) // Mark 9:30-32; Luke 9:43b-45

• Temple Tax (17:24-27) no parallel

Chapter 18

• Greatest in the Kingdom (18:1-5) // Matthew 9:33-37; Luke 9:46-48

• Temptations to Sin (18:6-9) // Matthew 9:42-50; Luke 17:1-2

• Lost Sheep (18:10-14) // Luke 15:1-7

• Brother Who Sins (18:15-20) // Luke 17:3

• Unforgiving Servant (18:21-35) no parallel

Chapter 19

• Teaching about Divorce (II) (19:1-12; cf. 5:31-32) // Mark 10:1–12

• Little Children Blessed (19:13-15) // Mark 10:13-16; Luke 18:15-17

• Rich Young Man (19:16-30) // Mark 10:17–31; Luke 18:18-30

Chapter 20

• Workers in the Vineyard (20:1-16) no parallel

• Third Prediction of the Passion (20:17-19) // Mark 10:32-34; Luke 18:31-34

• James' and John's Request (20:20-28) // Mark 10:35–45

• Blind Bartimaeus (20:29-34) // Mark 10:46–52; Luke 18:35-43

Chapter 21

• Triumphal Entry into Jerusalem (21:1-11) // Mark 11:1–11; Luke 19:28-40; John 12:12-19

• Cleansing of the Temple (21:12-17) // Mark 11:15–19; Luke 19:45-48; John 2:13-22

• Cursing the Fig Tree (21:18-22) // Mark 11:12-14.20–25

• Question about Authority (21:23-27) // Mark 11:27-33; Luke 20:1-8

• Two Sons (21:28-32) no parallel

• Wicked Husbandmen (21:33-46) // Mark 12:1–12; Luke 20:9-19; Thomas 65-66

Chapter 22

• Marriage Feast (22:1-14) // Luke 14:15-24

• Tribute to Caesar (22:15-22) // Mark 12:13–17; Luke 20:20-26

• Question about the Resurrection (22:23-33) // Mark 12:18-27; Luke 20:27-40

• Great Commandment (22:34-40) // Mark 12:28–34; cf. Luke 10:25-28

• Question about the Son of David (22:41-46) // Mark 12:35-37; Luke 20:41-44

Chapter 23

• Woe to the Scribes (23:1-36) // cf. Mark 12:38-40; Luke 20:45-47

• Lament over Jerusalem (23:37-39) // Luke 13:31-35

Chapter 24

• Prediction of the Destruction of Jerusalem (24:1-2) // Mark 13:1-2; Luke 21:5-6

• Beginning of Woes (24:3-14) // Mark Luke

• Great Tribulation (24:15-28) // Mark Luke

• Coming of the Son of Man (24:29-31) // Mark Luke

• Fig Tree (24:32-34) // Mark Luke

• Time of the End (24:36-44) // Mark Luke

• Unfaithful Servant (24:45-51) // Luke 12:35-48

Chapter 25

• Ten Virgins (25:1-13) no parallel

• Talents (25:14-30) // Luke 19:11-27

• Judgment of the Son of Man (25:31-46) no parallel

Chapter 26

• Plot to Kill Jesus (26:1-5) // Mark 14:1-2; Luke 22:1-2; John 11:45-53

• Anointing at Bethany (26:6-13) // Mark 14:3–9; John 12:1-8

• Betrayal of Judas (26:14-16) // Mark 14:10-11; Luke 22:3-6

• Last Supper (26:17-30) // Mark 14:12–26; Luke 22:7-23; John 13:21-30; 1 Corinthians 11:23-25

• Peter's Denial (I) (26:31-35) // Mark 14:27-31; Luke 22:31-34; John 13:36-38

• Arrest of Jesus (26:36-56) // Mark 14:32–52; Luke 22:39-53; cf. John 18:3-12

• Trial of Jesus (I) (26:57-68) // Mark 14:53–65; Luke John

• Peter's Denial (II) (26:69-75) // Mark 14:66-72; Luke 22:56-62; John 18:15-18.25-27

Chapter 27

• Trial of Jesus (II) () // Mark 15:1–15; Luke John

• Crucifixion of Jesus () // Mark 15:16–41; Luke John

• Burial of Jesus (27:57-61) // Mark 15:42–47; Luke 23:50-56; John 19:38-42

• Guard at the Tomb (I) (27:62-66) no parallel

Chapter 28

• Empty Tomb (28:1-8) // Mark 16:1-8; Luke 24:1-12; John 20:1-10

• Guard at the Tomb (II) (28:11-15) no parallel

• Appearances of Jesus (28:16-20) // cf. Mark 16:9-18; Luke John Acts

Related categories

• New Testament / Gospel of Mark / Gospel of Luke / Gospel of John / Gospel of Thomas /

References

• / [[]] / In: The Anchor Bible Dictionary (1992 Freedman), dictionary,

• Matthew, Gospel of / Andrew J. Overman / In: The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow), dictionary, 922-924

External links

• Wikipedia / Theopedia
• Early Christian Writings