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The '''High Priests''' were the supreme religious authority of the Second Temple.
==Overview==


==List of High Priests, and years in office==
==List of High Priests, and years in office==


====Zadokite High Priests====
====Persian Period====


*[[:Category:Joshua (subject)|Joshua]], son of Jehozadak, ca. 515-490 BCE
*1. [[Joshua ben Jehozadak]], ca. 515-490 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])


*[[:Category:Joiakim (subject)|Joiakim]], son of Joshua, ca. 490-470 BCE
*2. [[Joiakim ben Joshua]], ca. 490-470 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])
      
      
*[[:Category:Eliashib (subject)|Eliashib]], son of Joiakim, ca. 470-433 BCE
*3. [[Eliashib ben Joiakim]], ca. 470-433 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])
      
      
*[[:Category:Joiada (subject)|Joiada]], son of Eliashib, ca. 433-410 BCE
*4. [[Joiada ben Eliashib]], ca. 433-410 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])


*[[:Category:Johanan (subject)|Johanan]], son of Joiada, ca. 410-371 BCE
*5. [[Johanan ben Joiada]], ca. 410-371 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])
      
      
*[[:Category:Jaddua (subject)|Jaddua]], son of Johanan, ca. 371-320 BCE
*6. [[Jaddua ben Johanan]], ca. 371-320 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])


*[[:Category:Onias I (subject)|Onias I]], son of Jaddua, ca. 320-280 BCE
====Greek Period====


*[[:Category:Simon I (subject)|Simon I]], son of Onias, ca. 280-260 BCE
*7. [[Onias I]], son of Jaddua, ca. 320-280 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])


*[[:Category:Eleazar (subject)|Eleazar]], son of Onias, ca. 260-245 BCE
*8. [[Simon I]], son of Onias, ca. 280-260 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])


*[[:Category:Manasseh (subject)|Manasseh]], son of Jaddua, ca. 245-240 BCE
*9. [[Eleazar ben Onias]], ca. 260-245 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])


*[[:Category:Onias II (subject)|Onias II]], son of Simon, ca. 240-218 BCE
*10. [[Manasseh ben Jaddua]], ca. 245-240 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])
*11. [[Onias II]], son of Simon, ca. 240-218 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])


*[[:Category:Simon II (subject)|Simon II]], son of Onias, 218-185 BCE
*12. [[Simon II]], son of Onias, 218-185 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])


*[[:Category:Onias III (subject)|Onias III]], son of Simon, 185-175 BCE, murdered 170 BCE
*13. [[Onias III]], son of Simon, 185-175 BCE, murdered 170 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])


*[[:Category:Jason (subject)|Jason]], son of Simon 175-172 BCE
*14. [[Jason]], son of Simon, 175-172 BCE ([[House of Zadok]])


====Aaronites====
*15. [[Menelaus]], 172-162 BCE
** Ordered the assassination of [[Onias III]] in 170 BCE.
** [[Onias IV]] fled to Egypt.


*[[:Category:Menelaus (subject)|Menelaus]], 172-162 BCE
*16. [[Alcimus]], 162-159 BCE
*[[:Category:Alcimus (subject)|Alcimus]], 162-159 BCE


<Inter-Sacerdotium>, 159-153
<Inter-Sacerdotium>, 159-153


====Hasmoneans====
====Hasmonean Period====


*[[:Category:Jonathan Maccabeus (subject)|Jonathan Maccabeus]], son of [[:Category:Mattathias (subject)|Mattathias]], and brother of [[:Category:Judas Maccabeus (subject)|Judas Maccabeus]], 153-143 BCE  
*17. [[Jonathan Maccabeus]], son of [[Mattathias]], and brother of [[Judas Maccabeus]], 153-143 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]])


*[[:Category:Simon Maccabeus (subject)|Simon Maccabeus]], son of [[:Category:Mattathias (subject)|Mattathias]], and  brother of [[:Category:Jonathan Maccabeus (subject)|Jonathan Maccabeus]], 142-134 BCE  
*18. [[Simon Maccabeus]], son of [[Mattathias]], and  brother of [[Jonathan Maccabeus]], 142-134 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]])


*[[:Category:John Hyrcanus (subject)|John Hyrcanus]], son of [[:Category:Simon Maccabeus (subject)|Simon Maccabeus]], 134-104 BCE
*19. [[John Hyrcanus]], son of [[Simon Maccabeus]], 134-104 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]])
      
      
*[[:Category:Aristobulus (subject)|Aristobulus]], son of [[:Category:John Hyrcanus (subject)|John Hyrcanus]], 104-103 BCE
*20. [[Aristobulus]], son of [[John Hyrcanus]], 104-103 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]])
 
*21. [[Alexander Jannaeus]], son of [[John Hyrcanus]], and brother of [[Aristobulus]], 103-76 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]])
 
*22. [[John Hyrcanus II]], son of [[Alexander Jannaeus]], 76-67 (as High Priest), 66 (as High Priest and King), and 63-40 (as High Priest) ([[House of Hasmoneus]])
 
*23. [[Aristobulus II]], son of [[Alexander Jannaeus]] and [[Salome Alexandra]], brother of [[John Hyrcanus II]], 66-63 BCE (as High Priest and King) ([[House of Hasmoneus]])
 
====Roman Period====
 
*[22 bis] [[John Hyrcanus II]], 63-40 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]])
**Was the son of [[Alexander Jannaeus]], and the brother of [[Aristobulus II]]
**Was restored by the Romans as High Priest
 
*24. [[Antigonus]], 40-37 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]])
**Was the younger son of [[Aristobulus II]], and the nephew of [[John Hyrcanus II]]
**Was supported by the [[Parthians]] as High Priest and King
 
''Appointed by [[Herod the Great]]:''
*25. [[Ananel]] (Ananelus, Hananel, Hanameel), 37-35 BCE
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]
**Came from the Diaspora community in Babylon.
 
*26. [[Aristobulus III]], 35 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]])
**Was a member of the Hasmonean dynasty, the son of [[Alexander of Judaea]] and [[Alexandra the Hasmonean]], and the brother of Herod's wife [[Mariamne]]
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]), who had him murdered.
 
*[25 bis] [[Ananel]] (Ananelus) restored) 35-30? BCE  
**Was restored by [[Herod the Great]] after the assassination of [[Aristobulus III]]


*[[:Category:Alexander Jannaeus (subject)|Alexander Jannaeus]], son of [[:Category:John Hyrcanus (subject)|John Hyrcanus]], and brother of [[:Category:Aristobulus (subject)|Aristobulus]], 103-76 BCE
*27. [[Joshua ben Phiabi]], 30?-23? BCE
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]


*[[:Category:John Hyrcanus II (subject)|John Hyrcanus II]], son of [[:Category:Alexander Jannaeus (subject)|Alexander Jannaeus]], 76-67 (as High Priest), 66 (as High Priest and King), and 63-40 (as High Priest)
*28. [[Simon ben Boethus]], 23? to 5 BCE ([[House of Boethus]])
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]


*[[:Category:Aristobulus II (subject)|Aristobulus II]], son of [[:Category:Alexander Jannaeus (subject)|Alexander Jannaeus]] and [[:Category:Salome Alexandra  (subject)|Salome Alexandra ]], brother of [[:Category:John Hyrcanus II (subject)|John Hyrcanus II]], 66-63 BCE (as High Priest and King)
*29. [[Matthias ben Theophilus]], 5-4 BCE
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]


*[[:Category:John Hyrcanus II (subject)|John Hyrcanus II]], son of [[:Category:Alexander Jannaeus (subject)|Alexander Jannaeus]], brother of [[:Category:Aristobulus II (subject)|Aristobulus II]], 63-40 (restored by the Romans as High Priest)
*30. [[Joazar ben Boethus]] 4 BCE ([[House of Boethus]])
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]


*[[:Category:Antigonus (subject)|Antigonus]], younger son of [[:Category:Aristobulus II (subject)|Aristobulus II]], nephew of [[:Category:John Hyrcanus II (subject)|John Hyrcanus II]], 40-37 (supported by the Parthias as High Priest and King)
''Appointed by [[Herod Archelaus]]:''


*Ananelus, 37-36 BCE
*31. [[Eleazar ben Boethus]], 4-3 BCE ([[House of Boethus]])
**Served under [[Herod Archelaus]]


*[[:Category:Aristobulos III (subject)|Aristobulos III]], son of [[:Category:Alexander Maccabeus (subject)|Alexander Maccabeus]], and brother of [[:Category:Mariamne (subject)|Mariamne]], 36 BCE (as High Priest under [[:Category:Herod the Great (subject)|Herod the Great]]
*32. [[Joshua ben Sie]] 3 BCE - ?
**Served under [[Herod Archelaus]]  


* Ananelus (restored) 36-30 BC
*[30 bis] [[Joazar ben Boethus]] restored, ? - 6 CE
**Served under [[Herod Archelaus]]


* Joshua ben Fabus 30-23 BC
''Appointed by [[Quirinius]]:''


* Simon ben Boethus
*33. [[Annas]] ([[Ananus ben Seth]]), 6-15 CE ([[House of Annas]])
**Served under all Roman Governors appointed by [[Augustus]], namely, [[Coponius]], [[Ambivulus]], and [[Rufus]]


* Matthias ben Theophilus 5-4 BC [4]
''Appointed by [[Valerius Gratus]]:''


* Joazar ben Boethus 4 BC (Sadducee)
*34. [[Ishmael ben Phiabi]] (Ishmael ben Fabus), 15-16
**Served under Roman Governor [[Gratus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]]


* Eleazar ben Boethus 4-3 BC (Sadducee)
*35. [[Eleazar ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 16-17 ([[House of Annas]])
**Served under Roman Governor [[Gratus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]]


* Joshua ben Sie 3 BC - ?
*36. [[Simon ben Camith]] 17-18
**Served under Roman Governor [[Gratus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]]


* Joazar ben Boethus ? - 6 AD (Sadducee)
*37. [[Caiaphas]] (Joseph Caiaphas), 18-36 ([[House of Annas]])
**Was the son-in-law of [[Annas]]
**Served under Roman Governors, [[Gratus]] and [[Pontius Pilate]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]]


* Ananus ben Seth 6-15
''Appointed by [[Vitellius]]:''
*38. [[Jonathan ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 36-37 ([[House of Annas]])
**Served under Roman Governor, [[Marcellus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]]


* Ishmael ben Fabus 15-16
*39. [[Theophilus ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 37-41 ([[House of Annas]])
**Served under Roman Governor [[Marullus]], and Emperor [[Caligula]]


* Eleazar ben Ananus 16-17
''Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa]]:''


* Simon ben Camithus 17-18
*40. [[Simon Cantheras ben Boethus]], 41-42 ([[House of Boethus]])
**Served under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]]


* Joseph Caiaphas 18-36 Son-in-law of the high
*41. [[Matthias ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 43 ([[House of Annas]])
priest Ananas or Annas,
**Served under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]]


* Jonathan ben Ananus 36-37
*42. [[Elionaeus ben Cantheras]] 43-44 ([[House of Boethus]])
**Served under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]]


* Theophilus ben Ananus 37-41
*[38 bis] [[Jonathan ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 44 ([[House of Annas]])
**Was restored under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]]


* Simon Cantatheras ben Boethus 41-43 (Sadducee)
''Appointed by [[Herod of Chalcis]]:''


* Matthias ben Ananus 43
*43. [[Joseph ben Camei]] (Josephus ben Camydus), 44-46
**Served under Roman Governor [[Fadus]], and Emperor [[Claudius]]


* Elioneus ben Simon Cantatheras 43-44 (Sadducee)
*44. [[Ananias ben Nebedaeus]], 46-52
**Served under Roman Governors [[Tiberius Alexander]] and [[Cumanus]], and Emperor [[Claudius]]


* Jonathan ben Ananus 44 (restored)
''Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]]:''


* Josephus ben Camydus 44-46
*[38 ter] [[Jonathan ben Ananus]], 52-56 ([[House of Annas]])
**Was restored under Roman Governor [[Felix]], and Emperors [[Claudius]] and [[Nero]])


* Ananias ben Nebedeus 46-52
*45. [[Ishmael ben Phiabi II]] (Ishmael ben Fabus II), 56-62
**Served under Roman Governor [[Festus]], and Emperor [[Nero]])


* Jonathan 52-56
*46 [[Joseph ben Simon]] (Joseph Cabi ben Simon) 62-63
**Served under Roman Governor [[Albinus]], and Emperor [[Nero]]


* Ishmael ben Fabus 56-62 (restored?)
*47. [[Ananus ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 63 ([[House of Annas]])
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], was removed from office by Roman Governor [[Albinus]]


* Joseph Cabi ben Simon 62-63
*48. [[Joshua ben Damnaeus]] 63
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], served under Roman Governor [[Albinus]]


* Ananus ben Ananus 63
*49. [[Joshua ben Gamaliel]] 63-64 ([[House of Boethus]])
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], served under Roman Governor [[Albinus]]
**According to the Mishnah, his wife Martha belonged to the House of [[Boethus]]


* Joshua ben Damneus 63
*50. [[Mattathias ben Theophilus]], 65-68? ([[House of Annas]])
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], served under Roman Governor [[Florus]], and Emperor [[Nero]], and in the first two years of the Jewish War
**Might be the son of [[Theophilus ben Ananus]] and then the grandson of [[:Category:Annas (subject)|Annas]]


* Joshua ben Gamaliel 63-64-his wife Martha belonged to family of Boethus
''Appointed by the Zealots:''


* Mattathias ben Theophilus 65-66
*51. [[Phannias ben Samuel]], 68?-70?
**Was chosen by lot by the rebels during the [[Jewish War]]


* Phannias ben Samuel 67-70
==In Depth==


==The High Priest in ancient sources==
* [[High Priest (sources)]] -- survey of ancient sources


==The High Priest in Scholarship==
* [[High Priest (arts)]] -- survey of fictional works


==The High Priest in Fiction==
* [[High Priest (research)]] -- survey of scholarly works


==Related categories==
==Related categories==
*[[:Category:Zadokites (subject)|Zadokites (subject)]] / [[:Category:Hasmoneans (subject)|Hasmoneans (subject)]]


==External links=
*[[Zadokites]] / [[Hasmoneans]] / [[House of Annas]] / [[House of Boethus]]
 
==References==
 
*'''High Priests''' / [[James C. VanderKam]] / In: [[The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow), edited volume]], 739-741
 
==External links==
 
*[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel Wikipedia]
*[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel Wikipedia]


[[Category:Subjects]]
 
 
[[Category:Index (database)]]
[[Category:People (database)]]

Latest revision as of 06:59, 23 July 2012


The High Priests were the supreme religious authority of the Second Temple.

Overview

List of High Priests, and years in office

Persian Period

Greek Period

<Inter-Sacerdotium>, 159-153

Hasmonean Period

Roman Period

Appointed by Herod the Great:

  • 25. Ananel (Ananelus, Hananel, Hanameel), 37-35 BCE

Appointed by Herod Archelaus:

Appointed by Quirinius:

Appointed by Valerius Gratus:

Appointed by Vitellius:

Appointed by Herod Agrippa:

Appointed by Herod of Chalcis:

Appointed by Herod Agrippa II:

Appointed by the Zealots:

In Depth

Related categories

References

External links

Pages in category "High Priest (subject)"

The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total.

1

2

Media in category "High Priest (subject)"

The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total.

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