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*[[:Category:People|BACK TO THE PEOPLE--INDEX]] | |||
The '''High Priests''' were the supreme religious authority of the Second Temple. | |||
==Overview== | |||
==List of High Priests, and years in office== | ==List of High Priests, and years in office== | ||
| Line 5: | Line 10: | ||
====Persian Period==== | ====Persian Period==== | ||
*[[ | *1. [[Joshua ben Jehozadak]], ca. 515-490 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
*[[ | *2. [[Joiakim ben Joshua]], ca. 490-470 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
*[[ | *3. [[Eliashib ben Joiakim]], ca. 470-433 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
*[[ | *4. [[Joiada ben Eliashib]], ca. 433-410 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
*[[ | *5. [[Johanan ben Joiada]], ca. 410-371 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
*[[ | *6. [[Jaddua ben Johanan]], ca. 371-320 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
====Greek Period==== | ====Greek Period==== | ||
*[[ | *7. [[Onias I]], son of Jaddua, ca. 320-280 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
*[[ | *8. [[Simon I]], son of Onias, ca. 280-260 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
*[[ | *9. [[Eleazar ben Onias]], ca. 260-245 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
*[[ | *10. [[Manasseh ben Jaddua]], ca. 245-240 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
*11. [[Onias II]], son of Simon, ca. 240-218 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | |||
*[[ | *12. [[Simon II]], son of Onias, 218-185 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
*[[ | *13. [[Onias III]], son of Simon, 185-175 BCE, murdered 170 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
*[[ | *14. [[Jason]], son of Simon, 175-172 BCE ([[House of Zadok]]) | ||
*[[ | *15. [[Menelaus]], 172-162 BCE | ||
** Ordered the assassination of [[Onias III]] in 170 BCE. | |||
** [[Onias IV]] fled to Egypt. | |||
*[[ | *16. [[Alcimus]], 162-159 BCE | ||
<Inter-Sacerdotium>, 159-153 | <Inter-Sacerdotium>, 159-153 | ||
| Line 43: | Line 50: | ||
====Hasmonean Period==== | ====Hasmonean Period==== | ||
*[[ | *17. [[Jonathan Maccabeus]], son of [[Mattathias]], and brother of [[Judas Maccabeus]], 153-143 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]]) | ||
*[[ | *18. [[Simon Maccabeus]], son of [[Mattathias]], and brother of [[Jonathan Maccabeus]], 142-134 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]]) | ||
*[[ | *19. [[John Hyrcanus]], son of [[Simon Maccabeus]], 134-104 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]]) | ||
*[[ | *20. [[Aristobulus]], son of [[John Hyrcanus]], 104-103 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]]) | ||
*[[ | *21. [[Alexander Jannaeus]], son of [[John Hyrcanus]], and brother of [[Aristobulus]], 103-76 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]]) | ||
*[[ | *22. [[John Hyrcanus II]], son of [[Alexander Jannaeus]], 76-67 (as High Priest), 66 (as High Priest and King), and 63-40 (as High Priest) ([[House of Hasmoneus]]) | ||
*[[ | *23. [[Aristobulus II]], son of [[Alexander Jannaeus]] and [[Salome Alexandra]], brother of [[John Hyrcanus II]], 66-63 BCE (as High Priest and King) ([[House of Hasmoneus]]) | ||
====Roman Period==== | ====Roman Period==== | ||
*[[ | *[22 bis] [[John Hyrcanus II]], 63-40 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]]) | ||
**Was the son of [[Alexander Jannaeus]], and the brother of [[Aristobulus II]] | |||
**Was restored by the Romans as High Priest | |||
*[[ | *24. [[Antigonus]], 40-37 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]]) | ||
**Was the younger son of [[Aristobulus II]], and the nephew of [[John Hyrcanus II]] | |||
**Was supported by the [[Parthians]] as High Priest and King | |||
*Ananelus, 37- | ''Appointed by [[Herod the Great]]:'' | ||
*25. [[Ananel]] (Ananelus, Hananel, Hanameel), 37-35 BCE | |||
**Served under [[Herod the Great]] | |||
**Came from the Diaspora community in Babylon. | |||
*[[ | *26. [[Aristobulus III]], 35 BCE ([[House of Hasmoneus]]) | ||
**Was a member of the Hasmonean dynasty, the son of [[Alexander of Judaea]] and [[Alexandra the Hasmonean]], and the brother of Herod's wife [[Mariamne]] | |||
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]), who had him murdered. | |||
* Ananelus | *[25 bis] [[Ananel]] (Ananelus) restored) 35-30? BCE | ||
**Was restored by [[Herod the Great]] after the assassination of [[Aristobulus III]] | |||
* Joshua ben | *27. [[Joshua ben Phiabi]], 30?-23? BCE | ||
**Served under [[Herod the Great]] | |||
* Simon ben Boethus | *28. [[Simon ben Boethus]], 23? to 5 BCE ([[House of Boethus]]) | ||
**Served under [[Herod the Great]] | |||
* Matthias ben Theophilus 5-4 | *29. [[Matthias ben Theophilus]], 5-4 BCE | ||
**Served under [[Herod the Great]] | |||
* Joazar ben Boethus 4 | *30. [[Joazar ben Boethus]] 4 BCE ([[House of Boethus]]) | ||
**Served under [[Herod the Great]] | |||
''Appointed by [[Herod Archelaus]]:'' | |||
* | *31. [[Eleazar ben Boethus]], 4-3 BCE ([[House of Boethus]]) | ||
**Served under [[Herod Archelaus]] | |||
* | *32. [[Joshua ben Sie]] 3 BCE - ? | ||
**Served under [[Herod Archelaus]] | |||
*[[ | *[30 bis] [[Joazar ben Boethus]] restored, ? - 6 CE | ||
**Served under [[Herod Archelaus]] | |||
''Appointed by [[Quirinius]]:'' | |||
* | *33. [[Annas]] ([[Ananus ben Seth]]), 6-15 CE ([[House of Annas]]) | ||
**Served under all Roman Governors appointed by [[Augustus]], namely, [[Coponius]], [[Ambivulus]], and [[Rufus]] | |||
''Appointed by [[Valerius Gratus]]:'' | |||
*[[ | *34. [[Ishmael ben Phiabi]] (Ishmael ben Fabus), 15-16 | ||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Gratus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]] | |||
* | *35. [[Eleazar ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 16-17 ([[House of Annas]]) | ||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Gratus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]] | |||
* | *36. [[Simon ben Camith]] 17-18 | ||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Gratus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]] | |||
* | *37. [[Caiaphas]] (Joseph Caiaphas), 18-36 ([[House of Annas]]) | ||
**Was the son-in-law of [[Annas]] | |||
**Served under Roman Governors, [[Gratus]] and [[Pontius Pilate]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]] | |||
* | ''Appointed by [[Vitellius]]:'' | ||
*38. [[Jonathan ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 36-37 ([[House of Annas]]) | |||
**Served under Roman Governor, [[Marcellus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]] | |||
* | *39. [[Theophilus ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 37-41 ([[House of Annas]]) | ||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Marullus]], and Emperor [[Caligula]] | |||
''Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa]]:'' | |||
* | *40. [[Simon Cantheras ben Boethus]], 41-42 ([[House of Boethus]]) | ||
**Served under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]] | |||
* | *41. [[Matthias ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 43 ([[House of Annas]]) | ||
**Served under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]] | |||
* | *42. [[Elionaeus ben Cantheras]] 43-44 ([[House of Boethus]]) | ||
**Served under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]] | |||
* | *[38 bis] [[Jonathan ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 44 ([[House of Annas]]) | ||
**Was restored under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]] | |||
''Appointed by [[Herod of Chalcis]]:'' | |||
*[[ | *43. [[Joseph ben Camei]] (Josephus ben Camydus), 44-46 | ||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Fadus]], and Emperor [[Claudius]] | |||
* | *44. [[Ananias ben Nebedaeus]], 46-52 | ||
**Served under Roman Governors [[Tiberius Alexander]] and [[Cumanus]], and Emperor [[Claudius]] | |||
''Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]]:'' | |||
* | *[38 ter] [[Jonathan ben Ananus]], 52-56 ([[House of Annas]]) | ||
**Was restored under Roman Governor [[Felix]], and Emperors [[Claudius]] and [[Nero]]) | |||
* | *45. [[Ishmael ben Phiabi II]] (Ishmael ben Fabus II), 56-62 | ||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Festus]], and Emperor [[Nero]]) | |||
*46 [[Joseph ben Simon]] (Joseph Cabi ben Simon) 62-63 | |||
**Served under Roman Governor [[Albinus]], and Emperor [[Nero]] | |||
*47. [[Ananus ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 63 ([[House of Annas]]) | |||
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], was removed from office by Roman Governor [[Albinus]] | |||
== | *48. [[Joshua ben Damnaeus]] 63 | ||
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], served under Roman Governor [[Albinus]] | |||
*49. [[Joshua ben Gamaliel]] 63-64 ([[House of Boethus]]) | |||
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], served under Roman Governor [[Albinus]] | |||
**According to the Mishnah, his wife Martha belonged to the House of [[Boethus]] | |||
*50. [[Mattathias ben Theophilus]], 65-68? ([[House of Annas]]) | |||
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], served under Roman Governor [[Florus]], and Emperor [[Nero]], and in the first two years of the Jewish War | |||
**Might be the son of [[Theophilus ben Ananus]] and then the grandson of [[:Category:Annas (subject)|Annas]] | |||
''Appointed by the Zealots:'' | |||
*51. [[Phannias ben Samuel]], 68?-70? | |||
**Was chosen by lot by the rebels during the [[Jewish War]] | |||
==In Depth== | |||
* [[High Priest (sources)]] -- survey of ancient sources | |||
* [[High Priest (arts)]] -- survey of fictional works | |||
* [[High Priest (research)]] -- survey of scholarly works | |||
==Related categories== | ==Related categories== | ||
*[[ | |||
*[[Zadokites]] / [[Hasmoneans]] / [[House of Annas]] / [[House of Boethus]] | |||
==References== | |||
*'''High Priests''' / [[James C. VanderKam]] / In: [[The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow), edited volume]], 739-741 | |||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
*[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel Wikipedia] | *[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel Wikipedia] | ||
[[Category: | |||
[[Category:Index (database)]] | |||
[[Category:People (database)]] | |||
Latest revision as of 06:59, 23 July 2012
The High Priests were the supreme religious authority of the Second Temple.
Overview
List of High Priests, and years in office
Persian Period
- 1. Joshua ben Jehozadak, ca. 515-490 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 2. Joiakim ben Joshua, ca. 490-470 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 3. Eliashib ben Joiakim, ca. 470-433 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 4. Joiada ben Eliashib, ca. 433-410 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 5. Johanan ben Joiada, ca. 410-371 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 6. Jaddua ben Johanan, ca. 371-320 BCE (House of Zadok)
Greek Period
- 7. Onias I, son of Jaddua, ca. 320-280 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 8. Simon I, son of Onias, ca. 280-260 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 9. Eleazar ben Onias, ca. 260-245 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 10. Manasseh ben Jaddua, ca. 245-240 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 11. Onias II, son of Simon, ca. 240-218 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 12. Simon II, son of Onias, 218-185 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 13. Onias III, son of Simon, 185-175 BCE, murdered 170 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 14. Jason, son of Simon, 175-172 BCE (House of Zadok)
- 15. Menelaus, 172-162 BCE
- 16. Alcimus, 162-159 BCE
<Inter-Sacerdotium>, 159-153
Hasmonean Period
- 17. Jonathan Maccabeus, son of Mattathias, and brother of Judas Maccabeus, 153-143 BCE (House of Hasmoneus)
- 18. Simon Maccabeus, son of Mattathias, and brother of Jonathan Maccabeus, 142-134 BCE (House of Hasmoneus)
- 19. John Hyrcanus, son of Simon Maccabeus, 134-104 BCE (House of Hasmoneus)
- 20. Aristobulus, son of John Hyrcanus, 104-103 BCE (House of Hasmoneus)
- 21. Alexander Jannaeus, son of John Hyrcanus, and brother of Aristobulus, 103-76 BCE (House of Hasmoneus)
- 22. John Hyrcanus II, son of Alexander Jannaeus, 76-67 (as High Priest), 66 (as High Priest and King), and 63-40 (as High Priest) (House of Hasmoneus)
- 23. Aristobulus II, son of Alexander Jannaeus and Salome Alexandra, brother of John Hyrcanus II, 66-63 BCE (as High Priest and King) (House of Hasmoneus)
Roman Period
- [22 bis] John Hyrcanus II, 63-40 BCE (House of Hasmoneus)
- Was the son of Alexander Jannaeus, and the brother of Aristobulus II
- Was restored by the Romans as High Priest
- 24. Antigonus, 40-37 BCE (House of Hasmoneus)
- Was the younger son of Aristobulus II, and the nephew of John Hyrcanus II
- Was supported by the Parthians as High Priest and King
Appointed by Herod the Great:
- 25. Ananel (Ananelus, Hananel, Hanameel), 37-35 BCE
- Served under Herod the Great
- Came from the Diaspora community in Babylon.
- 26. Aristobulus III, 35 BCE (House of Hasmoneus)
- Was a member of the Hasmonean dynasty, the son of Alexander of Judaea and Alexandra the Hasmonean, and the brother of Herod's wife Mariamne
- Served under Herod the Great), who had him murdered.
- [25 bis] Ananel (Ananelus) restored) 35-30? BCE
- Was restored by Herod the Great after the assassination of Aristobulus III
- 27. Joshua ben Phiabi, 30?-23? BCE
- Served under Herod the Great
- 28. Simon ben Boethus, 23? to 5 BCE (House of Boethus)
- Served under Herod the Great
- 29. Matthias ben Theophilus, 5-4 BCE
- Served under Herod the Great
- 30. Joazar ben Boethus 4 BCE (House of Boethus)
- Served under Herod the Great
Appointed by Herod Archelaus:
- 31. Eleazar ben Boethus, 4-3 BCE (House of Boethus)
- Served under Herod Archelaus
- 32. Joshua ben Sie 3 BCE - ?
- Served under Herod Archelaus
- [30 bis] Joazar ben Boethus restored, ? - 6 CE
- Served under Herod Archelaus
Appointed by Quirinius:
- 33. Annas (Ananus ben Seth), 6-15 CE (House of Annas)
Appointed by Valerius Gratus:
- 34. Ishmael ben Phiabi (Ishmael ben Fabus), 15-16
- 35. Eleazar ben Ananus, son of Annas, 16-17 (House of Annas)
- 36. Simon ben Camith 17-18
- 37. Caiaphas (Joseph Caiaphas), 18-36 (House of Annas)
- Was the son-in-law of Annas
- Served under Roman Governors, Gratus and Pontius Pilate, and Emperor Tiberius
Appointed by Vitellius:
- 38. Jonathan ben Ananus, son of Annas, 36-37 (House of Annas)
- 39. Theophilus ben Ananus, son of Annas, 37-41 (House of Annas)
Appointed by Herod Agrippa:
- 40. Simon Cantheras ben Boethus, 41-42 (House of Boethus)
- Served under King Herod Agrippa, and Emperor Claudius
- 41. Matthias ben Ananus, son of Annas, 43 (House of Annas)
- Served under King Herod Agrippa, and Emperor Claudius
- 42. Elionaeus ben Cantheras 43-44 (House of Boethus)
- Served under King Herod Agrippa, and Emperor Claudius
- [38 bis] Jonathan ben Ananus, son of Annas, 44 (House of Annas)
- Was restored under King Herod Agrippa, and Emperor Claudius
Appointed by Herod of Chalcis:
- 43. Joseph ben Camei (Josephus ben Camydus), 44-46
- 44. Ananias ben Nebedaeus, 46-52
- Served under Roman Governors Tiberius Alexander and Cumanus, and Emperor Claudius
Appointed by Herod Agrippa II:
- [38 ter] Jonathan ben Ananus, 52-56 (House of Annas)
- 45. Ishmael ben Phiabi II (Ishmael ben Fabus II), 56-62
- 46 Joseph ben Simon (Joseph Cabi ben Simon) 62-63
- 47. Ananus ben Ananus, son of Annas, 63 (House of Annas)
- Appointed by Herod Agrippa II, was removed from office by Roman Governor Albinus
- 48. Joshua ben Damnaeus 63
- Appointed by Herod Agrippa II, served under Roman Governor Albinus
- 49. Joshua ben Gamaliel 63-64 (House of Boethus)
- Appointed by Herod Agrippa II, served under Roman Governor Albinus
- According to the Mishnah, his wife Martha belonged to the House of Boethus
- 50. Mattathias ben Theophilus, 65-68? (House of Annas)
- Appointed by Herod Agrippa II, served under Roman Governor Florus, and Emperor Nero, and in the first two years of the Jewish War
- Might be the son of Theophilus ben Ananus and then the grandson of Annas
Appointed by the Zealots:
- 51. Phannias ben Samuel, 68?-70?
- Was chosen by lot by the rebels during the Jewish War
In Depth
- High Priest (sources) -- survey of ancient sources
- High Priest (arts) -- survey of fictional works
- High Priest (research) -- survey of scholarly works
Related categories
References
- High Priests / James C. VanderKam / In: The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow), edited volume, 739-741
External links
Pages in category "High Priest (subject)"
The following 16 pages are in this category, out of 16 total.
1
- Levitischer Hoherpriester und Priester (Levitical High Priest and Priests / 1695 Lund / Lund), book
- Die alten jüdischen Heiligthümer, Gottesdienste und Gewohnheiten (The Ancient Jewish Shrines, Worship and Habits / 1701 Lund / Muhle), book (revised ed.)
- Heiligdommen, godsdiensten, en gewoontens der oude Jooden = Die alten jüdischen Heiligthümer, Gottesdienste und Gewohnheiten (The Ancient Jewish Shrines, Worship and Habits / 1726 @1701 Lund, Muhle / Long, Outhof), book (Dutch ed.)
- Die Alten Jüdischen Heiligthümer, Gottesdienste und Gewohnheiten (The Ancient Jewish Shrines, Worship and Habits / 1738 Lund, Muhle / Wolf), book (revised ed.)
- Studier over det zadokidikse praesteskabs historie (1931 Bentzen), book
- Les institutions de l’Ancien Testament (Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions / 1958-60 Vaux), book
- A Study of the Zadokite High Priesthood within the Graeco-Roman Age (1961 Smith), thesis
- Ancient Israel: Its Life and Institutions = Les institutions de l’Ancien Testament (1961 Vaux / McHugh), book (English ed.)
2
- Zadok's Heirs: The Role and Development of the High Priesthood in Ancient Israel (2000 Rooke), book
- Simon the High Priest in Sirach 50 (2003 Mulder), book
- Alcimus, Enemy of the Maccabees (2005 Scolnic), book
- The Development of the High Priesthood during the Pre-Hasmonean Period (2006 Brutti), book
- Missing Priests: The Zadokites in Tradition and History (2006 Hunt), book
- Kaiphas. Der Hohepriester jenes Jahres (2010 Metzner), book
- The Institution of the Hasmonean High Priesthood (2013 Babota), book
- Rome and Judea in Transition: Hasmonean Relations with the Roman Republic and the Evolution of the High Priesthood (2013 Seeman), book
Media in category "High Priest (subject)"
The following 4 files are in this category, out of 4 total.
2002 * Boccaccini.jpg 337 × 499; 28 KB
2004 * Bond.jpg 333 × 500; 36 KB
2004 * VanderKam.jpg 333 × 499; 17 KB
2011 * Reinhartz.jpg 400 × 599; 299 KB
