Category:Judith (subject)

Judith is a literary character, the protagonist of the Book of Judith.

• This page is edited by Gabriele Boccaccini, University of Michigan

According to the Book of Judith, Judith was a wealthy and beautiful widow, who lived in Israel in a not-well-defined "post-esilic" period. When the freedom, independence, and religious liberty of the Jewish people is threatened by the invasion of the army of "King Nebuchadnezzar of Assyria," she envision a plot to defeat the powerful enemies. She goes with her loyal maid to the camp of the enemy general, Holofernes, and gains his trust, promising him information on the Israelites and seducing him with her beauty. During the night, alone in his tent, she decapitates him, and takes his head back to her countrymen. The Assyrians, having lost their leader, disperse, and Israel is saved. Though she is courted by many, Judith remains unmarried for the rest of her life.

Judith is not mentioned elsewhere in the Jewish and Christian Scriptures and his character remain unknown in Islamic traditions.

Judith is a literary character. Scholarly research have focused either on the study of the character in her original literary context (see Book of Judith), or on the study of the Judith tradition over the centuries (see in particular Judith, Sexual Warrior (1998 Stocker), book, and The Sword of Judith (2010 Brine / Ciletti / Lähnemann), edited volume).

The suggestion that Judith could be a fictional counterpart of the Hasmonean Queen Salome Alexandra, facing the invasion of the Armenian King Tigranes the Great would give some historical relevance to the character.

Related categories

• Book of Judith

• Salome Alexandra / Tigranes the Great

External links

• Wikipedia.en

Judith enjoyed an extraordinary success in Christian iconography, especially in the period of the Counter-Reformation, as a symbol of the inviolability and invincibility of the Church. What made the subject so appealing to artists and audience, however, was not as much its theological meaning but rather the opportunity it offered to portray a heroine in which beauty and strength were united. Judith was usually depicted in the act of beheading Holofernes, or triumphant with the sword and the head of Holofernes, often in company with her maidservant, by artists such as Titian, Caravaggio, Valentin de Boulogne, and many others.

In the 19th century, Judith as other biblical heroines underwent her transformation into an Oriental beauty. The result was that her character became more and more similar to, and competing with, that of Salome.

By the early 20th century, Salome replaced Judith as the most popular Biblical heroine, by taking up most of her features and adding that touch of youthful perversion that the pious widow Judith could not have.