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*This page is edited by [[James E. West]], Quartz Hill School of Theology, United States of America.
[[File:John 1526 Pontormo.jpg|thumb|300px|[[St John the Evangelist (1526 Pontormo), art]]]]


*[[:Category:People|BACK TO THE PEOPLE--INDEX]]


'''John son of Zebedee''' (1st century CE) was, according to Christian tradition, one of the Twelve apostles of Jesus of Nazareth, and one of the four evangelists. 


==Overview==
'''John son of Zebedee''' (1st century CE) was, according to Christian tradition, one of the [[Twelve Apostles]] of [[Jesus of Nazareth]] and one of the leaders of the early Church as well as one of the four evangelists.
John, son of Zebedee and brother of [[James son of Zebedee|James]], is mentioned in the Synoptic Gosples as one of the Twelve. He is traditionally identified with "the beloved disciple" of the [[Gospel of John|Fourth Gospel]] and the "John of Patmos" of the book of Revelation. From the late second century comes the tradition that John miraculously escaped martyrdom and lived to old age in Ephesus.


==John in ancient sources==
*This page is edited by [[James E. West]], Quartz Hill School of Theology, United States of America.


====[[Galatians]]====
< [[Childhood of John]] -- [[Call of the First Disciples]] -- [[Raising of Jairus' Daughter]] -- [[Transfiguration of Jesus]] -- [[Last Supper]] -- [[Arrest of Jesus]] -- [[Crucifixion of Jesus]] -- [[Burial of Jesus]] -- [[Resurrection of Jesus]] -- [[Torture of John]] -- [[John on Patmos]] -- [[John at Ephesus]] -- [[Death of John]] -- [[Relics of John]] >
Galatians 2:9 -- ''and when James and Cephas and John, who seemed to be pillars, perceived the grace that was given to me, they gave the right hand of fellowship to Barnabas and me, that we should go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised... ''


====[[Gospel of Mark]]====
==Overview==
Mark 1:19 -- '' And going on a little farther, he saw James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, who were in their boat mending the nets.''


Mark 1:29 -- ''And immediately he left the synagogue and entered the house of Simon and Andrew, with James and John...''
'''''John'', son of Zebedee and brother of [[James Zebedee]]''',


Mark 3:17 -- '' James the son of Zebedee and John the brother of James (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, Sons of Thunder)...''
...is mentioned in the Synoptic Gospels as one of the earliest disciples of Jesus, one of the Twelve, and his role is singled out in a few episodes of the [[Ministry of Jesus]].


Mark 5:37 -- ''And he allowed no one to follow him except Peter and James and John the brother of James...''
'''''John in the Gospels of Mark, Matthew and Luke'''''


Mark 9:2 -- '' And after six days Jesus took with him Peter and James and John, and led them up a high mountain by themselves. And he was transfigured before them...''
Mark's mention of John the son of Zebedee is mimicked by Matthew and Luke, since, by all accounts and according to most scholars, Mark was the earliest of the Gospels written and Matthew and Luke made use of Mark and Q and added their own special material.  The Synoptics, however, offer few details beyond the fact that John is the brother of James and that both are the sons of Zebedee.  In Mark 3:17 Jesus calls James and John the 'sons of thunder' (Boanerges).  This is a Hebrew or Aramaic phrase 'beney regesh' which the Gospel of Mark's author translates 'sons of thunder'.  It is used in other contexts describing the striking of a house by lightning. But this solution is disputed. The phrase may also stem from 'beney ragaz' which means 'sons of wrath' or hot-tempered.


Mark 9:38 -- '' John said to him, “Teacher, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, because he was not following us.” ''
'''''Act of the Apostles'''''


Mark 10:35.41 -- ''And James and John, the sons of Zebedee, came up to him and said to him, “Teacher, we want you to do for us whatever we ask of you”... And when the ten heard it, they began to be indignant at James and John.''
In the [[Acts of the Apostles]] John is always mentioned in connection with Peter, except in Acts 12:2 where the death of James is discussed. In the mind of the author James, Peter, and John are apparently the most important of the Apostles as they are constantly referred to as taking the lead in many apostolic actions.  Whether or not this was historically the case or is simply an example of the author's particular theological interest, we cannot now know. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that John is always mentioned in tandem with Peter while Peter is not always mentioned in tandem with John.


Mark 13:3 -- '' And as he sat on the Mount of Olives opposite the temple, Peter and James and John and Andrew asked him privately... ''
'''''Galatians 2:9'''''  


Mark 14:33 -- ''And he took with him Peter and James and John, and began to be greatly distressed and troubled.''
This Pauline text is the only evidence outside of the Gospels and Acts for the existence of and importance of 'John' in the New Testament. Since he is here linked with James we are doubtless meant to assume that Paul has in mind Peter, and James and John the sons of Zebedee. Paul, however, offers no further information.  Hence, the reference to John in Galatians is supplementary and confirmatory, but that's all.


====[[Gospel of Matthew]]====
'''''John the son of Zebedee'''''  
Matthew 4:21 -- ''And going on from there he saw two other brothers, James the son of Zebedee and John his brother, in the boat with Zebedee their father, mending their nets, and he called them.''


Matthew 10:2 -- ''The names of the twelve apostles are these: first, Simon, who is called Peter, and Andrew his brother; James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother...''
... is traditionally identified with the [[Beloved Disciple]] of the [[Gospel of John|Fourth Gospel]] and the [[John of Patmos]] of the book of Revelation. However, there is no reliable corroboration of these notions from extra-biblical sources and even the Bible itself never identifies either the [[Beloved Disciple]] nor the author of the Fourth Gospel. [[John of Patmos]], the author of [[Revelation]], also may, or may not be the son of Zebedee. Since our sources are not very specific about the patrimony of this author, suppositions concerning any putative connection to John son of Zebedee are speculative and nothing more. Therefore, it is unsafe to equate the author of Revelation with John the son of Zebedee, or the author of the Gospel of John or the Johannine epistles.  More likely, it seems, is the belief that the Gospel and the Epistles and the Revelation all flow from a 'Johannine School' of theology. [[R. Alan Culpepepper]] is perhaps the best known representative of this line of thought.
From the late second century comes the tradition that John miraculously escaped martyrdom and lived to old age in Ephesus. More than that cannot be known or asserted from available sources.


Matthew 17:1 -- ''And after six days Jesus took with him Peter and James, and John his brother, and led them up a high mountain by themselves.''
== John, in ancient sources ==


====[[Gospel of Luke]]====
* See [[John (sources)]] -- survey of ancient sources
Luke 5:10 -- ''and so also were James and John, sons of Zebedee, who were partners with Simon. And Jesus said to Simon, “Do not be afraid; from now on you will be catching men.”...


Luke 6:14 -- ''Simon, whom he named Peter, and Andrew his brother, and James and John, and Philip, and Bartholomew,''
== John, in the arts ==


Luke 8:51 -- '' And when he came to the house, he allowed no one to enter with him, except Peter and John and James, and the father and mother of the child.''
The iconography of John developed into a narrative cycle, that went beyond the "biblical" data, including episodes from his old age. The same legendary elements are present in the novels and movies devoted to John the evangelist in modern times.


Luke 9:28 -- ''Now about eight days after these sayings he took with him Peter and John and James and went up on the mountain to pray.''
One characteristically 'devotional' modern representation of the Apostle is found in [[The Gospel of John (2003 Saville), film]]. Per usual, the 'biography' of John follows traditional lines.


Luke 9:49 -- ''John answered, “Master, we saw someone casting out demons in your name, and we tried to stop him, because he does not follow with us.”''
==Related categories==


Luke 9:54 -- ''And when his disciples James and John saw it, they said, “Lord, do you want us to tell fire to come down from heaven and consume them?”''
*[[John of Patmos]] / [[Beloved Disciple]]
*[[Jesus of Nazareth]] / [[Twelve Apostles]] / [[James Zebedee]]


Luke 22:8 -- ''So Jesus sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the Passover for us, that we may eat it.”''
==External links==
 
====[[Acts of Apostles]]====
Acts 1:13 -- '' And when they had entered, they went up to the upper room, where they were staying, Peter and John and James and Andrew, Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew, James the son of Alphaeus and Simon the Zealot and Judas the son of James.''
 
Acts 3:1 -- ''Now Peter and John were going up to the temple at the hour of prayer, the ninth hour. ''
 
Acts 3:3 -- ''Seeing Peter and John about to go into the temple, he asked to receive alms.''
 
Acts 3:4 -- ''And Peter directed his gaze at him, as did John, and said, “Look at us.” ''
 
Acts 3:11 -- ''While he clung to Peter and John, all the people ran together to them in the portico called Solomon’s, astounded.''
 
Acts 4:13 -- '' Now when they saw the boldness of Peter and John, and perceived that they were uneducated, common men, they were astonished. And they recognized that they had been with Jesus.''
 
Acts 4:19 -- '' But Peter and John answered them, “Whether it is right in the sight of God to listen to you rather than to God, you must judge,''
 
Acts.8.14 -- '' Now when the apostles at Jerusalem heard that Samaria had received the word of God, they sent to them Peter and John...''
 
Acts 12:2 -- '' He killed James the brother of John with the sword...''


====Cf. [[Gospel of John]]====
*[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Evangelist Wikipedia.en]


====Cf. [[Revelation]]====
Rev 1:1 -- '' The revelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave him to show to his servants the things that must soon take place. He made it known by sending his angel to his servant John...''
Rev 1:4 -- ''John to the seven churches that are in Asia:Grace to you and peace from him who is and who was and who is to come, and from the seven spirits who are before his throne,''
Rev 1:9 -- ''I, John, your brother and partner in the tribulation and the kingdom and the patient endurance that are in Jesus, was on the island called Patmos on account of the word of God and the testimony of Jesus.''
Rev 22:8 -- ''I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I heard and saw them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who showed them to me...''
==John in scholarship==
The identification of John with the beloved disciple, and even more with ''John of Padmos'', is openly disputed in modern scholarship.
==John in Fiction==
The iconography of John developed into a narrative cycle, that went beyond the "biblical" data, including episodes from his old age. The same legendary elements are present in the novels and movies devoted to John the evangelist in modern times.
==Related categories==
*[[:Category:Jesus of Nazareth (subject)|Jesus of Nazareth (subject)]] / [[:Category:Twelve Apostles (subject)|Twelve Apostles (subject)]] / [[James son of Zebedee]]
==External links==
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_the_Evangelist Wikipedia] 


[[Category:Subjects]]
[[Category:Index (database)]]
[[Category:People]]
[[Category:People (database)]]

Latest revision as of 08:23, 6 March 2017

St John the Evangelist (1526 Pontormo), art


John son of Zebedee (1st century CE) was, according to Christian tradition, one of the Twelve Apostles of Jesus of Nazareth and one of the leaders of the early Church as well as one of the four evangelists.

  • This page is edited by James E. West, Quartz Hill School of Theology, United States of America.

< Childhood of John -- Call of the First Disciples -- Raising of Jairus' Daughter -- Transfiguration of Jesus -- Last Supper -- Arrest of Jesus -- Crucifixion of Jesus -- Burial of Jesus -- Resurrection of Jesus -- Torture of John -- John on Patmos -- John at Ephesus -- Death of John -- Relics of John >

Overview

John, son of Zebedee and brother of James Zebedee,

...is mentioned in the Synoptic Gospels as one of the earliest disciples of Jesus, one of the Twelve, and his role is singled out in a few episodes of the Ministry of Jesus.

John in the Gospels of Mark, Matthew and Luke

Mark's mention of John the son of Zebedee is mimicked by Matthew and Luke, since, by all accounts and according to most scholars, Mark was the earliest of the Gospels written and Matthew and Luke made use of Mark and Q and added their own special material. The Synoptics, however, offer few details beyond the fact that John is the brother of James and that both are the sons of Zebedee. In Mark 3:17 Jesus calls James and John the 'sons of thunder' (Boanerges). This is a Hebrew or Aramaic phrase 'beney regesh' which the Gospel of Mark's author translates 'sons of thunder'. It is used in other contexts describing the striking of a house by lightning. But this solution is disputed. The phrase may also stem from 'beney ragaz' which means 'sons of wrath' or hot-tempered.

Act of the Apostles

In the Acts of the Apostles John is always mentioned in connection with Peter, except in Acts 12:2 where the death of James is discussed. In the mind of the author James, Peter, and John are apparently the most important of the Apostles as they are constantly referred to as taking the lead in many apostolic actions. Whether or not this was historically the case or is simply an example of the author's particular theological interest, we cannot now know. Nevertheless, it is noteworthy that John is always mentioned in tandem with Peter while Peter is not always mentioned in tandem with John.

Galatians 2:9

This Pauline text is the only evidence outside of the Gospels and Acts for the existence of and importance of 'John' in the New Testament. Since he is here linked with James we are doubtless meant to assume that Paul has in mind Peter, and James and John the sons of Zebedee. Paul, however, offers no further information. Hence, the reference to John in Galatians is supplementary and confirmatory, but that's all.

John the son of Zebedee

... is traditionally identified with the Beloved Disciple of the Fourth Gospel and the John of Patmos of the book of Revelation. However, there is no reliable corroboration of these notions from extra-biblical sources and even the Bible itself never identifies either the Beloved Disciple nor the author of the Fourth Gospel. John of Patmos, the author of Revelation, also may, or may not be the son of Zebedee. Since our sources are not very specific about the patrimony of this author, suppositions concerning any putative connection to John son of Zebedee are speculative and nothing more. Therefore, it is unsafe to equate the author of Revelation with John the son of Zebedee, or the author of the Gospel of John or the Johannine epistles. More likely, it seems, is the belief that the Gospel and the Epistles and the Revelation all flow from a 'Johannine School' of theology. R. Alan Culpepepper is perhaps the best known representative of this line of thought.

From the late second century comes the tradition that John miraculously escaped martyrdom and lived to old age in Ephesus. More than that cannot be known or asserted from available sources.

John, in ancient sources

John, in the arts

The iconography of John developed into a narrative cycle, that went beyond the "biblical" data, including episodes from his old age. The same legendary elements are present in the novels and movies devoted to John the evangelist in modern times.

One characteristically 'devotional' modern representation of the Apostle is found in The Gospel of John (2003 Saville), film. Per usual, the 'biography' of John follows traditional lines.

Related categories

External links

Pages in category "John (subject)"

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1

2

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