(++) Salome (1905 Strauss / Lachmann), opera
Salome <German> (1905) is an opera by Richard Strauss (mus.) and Hedwig Lachmann (libr.). Based on Wilde's play.
Abstract
"Musik-Drama in einem Aufzuge nach Oscar Wilde's gleichnamiger Dichtung in deutscher Ubersetzung von Hedwig Lachmann: op.54." The most successful musical adaptation of Wilde’s play, and one of the highest musical achievements of the twentieth century. In Strauss’ version Salome became even more morbid and sadistic than decadent. Performed internationally and translated into all major European languages, fueled the Salome-mania all over the world.
Characters
Herodes (Hérode) (T); Herodias (Hérodias) (Ms); Salome (Salomé) (S); Jochanaan (Iokanaan) (Br); Narraboth (T); Ein Page der Herodias (Le page d'Hérodias) (A); Fünf Juden (Les cinq Juifs) (T, T, T, T, Bs); Zwei Nazarener (Les deux Nazaréens) (Bs, T); Zwei Soldaten (2 Soldats) (Bs, Bs); Ein Cappadocier (Un Cappadocien) (Bs); Ein Sklave (Un esclave) (S).
Editions, translations
Published in Berlin, Germany: Fürstner, 1905.
Premiered at Konigliches Opernhaus, Dresden, Germany: 9 December 1905.
Translations
Translated into English (1905).
Performance History (selected)
Dresden 1905 (world premiere; stage production)
- Konigliches Opernhaus, Dresden, Germany: 9 December 1905.
- Starring Marie Wittich (Salome); Karel Burian (Herod Antipas); Irene von Chavanne (Herodias); Karl Perron (John the Baptist); with Ernst von Schuch (conductor)
- In the world premiere of Richard Strauss's opera, Marie Wittich sang the role of Salome but refused (for reasons of decency) to perform the Dance of the Seven Veils (being substituted by a professional dancer).
Breslau 1906 (stage production)
- The (February?) 1906 Breslau production, conducted by Julius Prüwer, was not only one of the first performances of Richard Strauss's Salome but was also the first to be presented with the original cast in a tournee in Vienna at the Deutsches Volkstheater in May 1907. Verhunk was one of the first Salome singers to perform herself the Dance of the Seven Veils.
- Starring Fanchette Verhunk (Salome); Siewert (Herod Antipas); Boeg (John the Baptist); with Julius Prüwer (conductor)
Prague 1906 (stage production)
- New German National Theatre, Prague, Czechia: 5 May 1906
- Richard Strauss, conductor
Graz 1906 (stage production)
- Premiered in Graz [Austria]: Grazer Opera, 16 May 1906.
- Starring Jenny Korb (Salome); Hermann Jessen (John the Baptist); W. Gunther-Braun (Herod Antipas); Sara Anderson (Herodias), with Richard Strauss (conductor).
- Composer Richard Strauss conducted the Graz (and Austrian) premiere of his opera Salome on 16 May 1906. An extraordinary array of personalities, including Gustav Mahler and his wife Alma, Giacomo Puccini, Arnold Schoenberg and six of his students, and soprano Gemma Bellincioni gather to hear the performance of Strauss's new opera, which had its premiere the previous December at Dresden/
Leipzig 1906 (stage production)
- Premiered in Leipzig [Germany]: Stadttheater, 25 May 1906 .
- Starring Paula Doenges (Salome); Walter Soomer (John the Baptist); Jacques Urlus (Herod Antipas); Leonore Sengern (Herodias); with Hagel (conductor).
Cologne 1906 (stage production)
- Cologne [Germany]: Kolner Festspiele, 2 July 1906.
- Starring Alice Guszalewicz (Salome); with Richard Strauss (conductor).
Munich 1906 (stage production)
Berlin 1906 (stage production)
- Berlin [Germany]: Staatsoper unter den Linden, 5 December 1906
- Starring Emmy Destinn (Salome); with Richard Strauss (conductor).
Turin, 1906 (Italian ed.) (stage production)
- Teatro Regio, Turin, Italy: 23 December 1906.
- Starring Gemma Bellincioni (Salome), with Richard Strauss (conductor).
- Composer Richard Strauss came to Turin to conduct the first Italian production of Salome at Teatro Regio, Turin, Italy on 23 December 1906. Italian primadonna Gemma Bellincioni had personally invited Strauss to Turin while attending in the audience the 1905 Graz production of the opera. She played Salome and performed herself the Dance of the Seven Veils. In reality, by opening the dress rehearsal to the public and the press, Arturo Toscanini presented Salome at Teatro alla Scala, Milan, Italy one day earlier, 22 December 1906, although the Milan premiere remained officially scheduled on 26 December 1906.
Milan, 1906 (Italian ed.) (stage production)
- Teatro alla Scala, Milan, Italy (26 December 1906).
- Starring Solomiya Krushelnytska (Salome); with Arturo Toscanini (conductor).
- Thee days after Richard Strauss presented for the first time his new opera Salome to the Italian public in Turin on 23 December 1906, Arturo Toscanini conducted the Milan premiere at Teatro alla Scala, Milan, Italy on 26 December 1906. In reality, by opening the dress rehearsal to the public and the press, Arturo Toscanini had already presented Salome at Teatro alla Scala, Milan, Italy one day earlier, on 22 December 1906.
New York, 1907 (stage production)
- New York, NY: Metropolitan Theatre (22 January 1907).
- Starring Olive Fremstad (Salome); Carl Burrian (Herod Antipas); Marion Weed (Herodias); Anton Van Rooy (John the Baptist); with the Metropolitan Orchestra (conducted by Alfred Hertz). Bianca Froehlich performed the Dance of the Seven Veils for Fremstad.
- The first New York production of Richard Strauss's Salome was a scandal. Accusations of vulgarity and indecency led to the cancellation of the show and the opera would not be performed again at the Met until 1934.
Brussels 1907 (stage production)
- Brussels, Belgium: Théâtre de la Monnaie, 25 March 1907.
- Starring Mariette Mazarin (Salome); Laurent Swolfs (Herod Antipas); with Sylvain Dupois (conductor). Aïda Boni (1880-1974) performed the Dance of the Seven Veils for Mazarin.
- The premiere of Strauss's Salome in the French version by Joseph de Marliave (1873-1914) debuted in Brussels on 25 March 1907 with Mariette Mazarin (1877-1952) in the title-role. In the following years the role of Salome would be reprised by Claire Friché (1879-1968) [1908-09 & 1910-11] and Mary Garden [1909-1910].
Paris, 1907 (stage production; sound recording)
- Paris [France]: Théâtre du Châtelet, 8 May 1907.
- Starring Emmy Destinn (Salome); Fritz Feinhals (John the Baptist); Carl Burrian (Herod Antipas); Katharina Senger (Herodias); with Richard Strauss (conductor). Natalia Trouhanova performed the Dance of the Seven Veils.
- Composer Richard Strauss conducted the Paris premiere of his opera Salome at the Théâtre du Châtelet on 8 May 1907. The opera was sang in German. Soprano Emmy Destinn played the role as Salome, substituted by Russian dancer Natalia Trouhanova for the Dance of the Seven Veils. Although a French version of the opera was staged at the Théâtre de la Monnaie in Brussels on 25 March 1907, Parisian audiences were given only a scaled-down rendition at the Petit-Théâtre with conductor Water Staram providing piano accompaniment on 29 April 1907. This appears to have been a special event to prepare the French élite for the first performance of the German version of the opera conducted by the composer.
Vienna, 1907 (stage production)
- Salome (1907 Prüwer, Verhunk / @1905 Strauss), Vienna production (opera) [25 May 1907] -- Deutsches Volkstheater, 25 may 1907 -
Amsterdam, 1907 (stage production) (stage production)
- Salome (1907 @1905 Strauss), Amsterdam production (opera) [26 September 1907] -- Amsterdam [Netherlands]: Stadsschouwburg, 26 September 1907, with Leonore Sengern as Salome and Jacques Urlus as Herod Antipas. Sengern performed herself the Dance of the Seven Veils
The Hague, 1907 (stage production)
- Salomè, Italian ed. (Salome / 1907 Strauss / @1905 Strauss), The Hague production (opera) [14 November 1907] -- The Dance of the Seven Veils was performed by a professional dancer -- Richard Strauss, conductor
Stockholm, 1908 (stage production)
- Salome, Swedish ed. (1908 Järnefelt, Oscàr / @1905 Strauss), Stockholm production (opera) [14 April 1908] -- Local premiere - - Anna Oscàr (salome) (also preformed the Dance) and John Forsell (John the Baptist. Sven Nyblom as Herod, Julia Claussen as Herodias, The director was Harald André and Armas Järnefelt conducted
New York, 1909 (French ed.) (stage production)
- New York, NY: Manhattan Opera House, 28 January 1909.
- Starring Mary Garden (Salome)
- After the scandal of the first New New York production of Richard Strauss's Salome, the opera returned at New York, not at the Metropolitan Opera (where it would remain banned until 1934) but to the rival Manhattan Opera. Expectations were high, not only for the music but also for the dancing, as the "Salome Dance" had become a hit even in vaudeville theaters. This time the opera was performed in its French version. Soprano Mary Garden] was one of the first Salome not to require a substitute, but to perform herself the Dance of the Seven Veils. The success was enormous. The show was replicated in Philadelphia, Chicago and other American cities.
London, 1910 (stage production)
- London, England: Convent Garden, 8 December 1910.
- Starring Aino Ackté (Salome); Clarence Whitehall (John the Baptist); Ernst Kraus (Herod Antipas); Ottilie Metzger (Herodias); with Thomas Beecham (conductor).
- The first London production of Richard Strauss's Salome was performed (in German) at the Covent Garden, 8 December 1910. As Wilde's play had been banned in 1892 by Lord Chamberlain, the project of the performance required a long negotiation, before the opera could be staged. The German libretto had to be modified, by Alfred Kalisch (1863-1933), to avoid any explicit reference to John the Baptist. The soprano Aino Ackté performed herself the Dance of the Seven Veils. The opera has 10 performances with a few changes in the original cast. For one performance (12 December) Swedish singer Signe Rappe replaced Ackté, who had an engagement in Edinburgh.
Vienna, 1910 (stage production)
- Salome (1910 Zemlinsky, Wenger / @1905 Strauss), Vienna production (opera) [23 December 1910] -- Vienna: Volksoper, 23 December 1910 (followed by more then 20 performances) -- Alexander Zemlinsky, conductor -- Clothilde Wenger (Salome) and later Maria Jeritza
Paris, 1910 (stage production)
- Salome, French ed. (1910 Messager, Garden / @1905 Strauss), Paris production (opera) -- Andre Messager, conductor - April 1910 -- premiere in Paris of the French ed.
Prague, 1912 (stage production)
- Salome (1912 @1905 Strauss), Prague production (opera) -- Olga Grovskaya (Salome)
Budapest, 1912 (stage production)
Zagreb, 1915 (stage production)
- Salome, Croatian ed. (1915 Raic-Lonjski / @1905 Strauss), Zagreb production (opera) -- Zagreb [Croatia]: National Theatre, 1915 -- tr. Andro Mitrovic
Zagreb, 1922 (stage production)
- Salome, Croatian ed. (1922 Sachs / @1905 Strauss), Zagreb production (opera) -- Zagreb [Croatia]: National Theatre, 1922
Prague, 1922 (stage production)
- Salome (1922 Strauss / @1905 Strauss), Prague production (opera) -- New german Theatre, Richard Strauss, conductor.
1924 (sound recording)
Prague, 1924 (stage production)
- Salome (1924 Dranishnikov / @1905 Strauss), Prague production (opera) -- 6 June 1924, State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre (Mariinsky Theatre), Leningrad -- Russian premiere
Zagreb, 1924 (stage production)
- Salome (1934 Raicev / @1905 Strauss), Zagreb production (opera) -- Zagreb [Croatia]: National Theatre, 1934
New York, 1934 (stage production; sound recording)
New York, 1938 (stage production)
Vienna, 1942 (stage production; sound recording)
New York, 1942 (stage production)
New York, 1944 (stage production)
San Francisco 1945 (stage production; sound recording)
London 1947 (stage production; sound recording)
Florence, 1948 (stage production)
Vienna, 1948 (stage production)
- Salome (1948 ???, Welitsch / @1905 Strauss), Vienna production (opera) Vienna [Austria]: Theater an der Wien, 1948
1948 (sound recording)
New York, 1949 (stage production; sound recording)
London, 1949 (stage production)
New York, 1950 (stage production)
Munich, 1951 (stage production; sound recording)
New York, 1952 (stage production; sound recording)
1952 (sound recording)
1952 (sound recording)
1952 (sound recording)
1953 (sound recording)
1954 (sound recording)
Stockholm 1954 (stage production; sound recording)
New York 1955 (stage production; sound recording)
- Salome (1955 Mitropoulos, Goltz / @1905 Strauss), New York (Met) production, sound recording (opera)
Basel 1957 (stage production; sound recording)
New York 1958 (stage production; sound recording)
- Salome (1958 Mitropoulos, Borkh / @1905 Strauss), New York (Met) production, sound recording (opera)
Duisberg 1958 (stage production; sound recording)
Munich 1960 (stage production; sound recording)
Spoleto, 1961 (stage production; sound recording)
1961 (sound recording)
New York 1965 (stage production)
Dresden 1963 (stage production; sound recording)
New York 1965 (stage production; sound recording)
Munich 1965 (stage production; sound recording)
Vienna 1965 (stage production; sound recording)
Buenos Aires 1965 (stage production; sound recording)
Philadelphia 1965 (stage production; sound recording)
Geneva 1967 (stage production; sound recording)
Milan 1967 (stage production; sound recording)
1968 (sound recording)
Amsterdam 1968 (stage production; sound recording)
Venice 1969 (stage production; sound recording)
Split 1969 (stage production)
- Salome (1969 Basic / @1905 Strauss), Split production (revival) -- Split [Croatia]: Diocletian's Palace, 1969 -- in collaboration with Croatian Radio and Television of Zagreb.
Hamburg 1970 (stage production; sound recording)
San Francisco 1970 (stage production; sound recording)
Munich 1971 (stage production; sound recording)
- Salome (1971 Leitner, Rysanek / @1905 Strauss), Munich production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1971 Mehta, Caballé / @1905 Strauss), radio production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1972 Böhm, Rysanek / @1905 Strauss), New York (Met) production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1972 Keene, Galvany / @1905 Strauss), Cincinnati production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1972 Böhm, Rysanek / @1905 Strauss), Vienna production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1973 Böhm, Schröder-Feinen / @1905 Strauss), New York (Met) production (opera)
- Salome (1974 Böhm, Stratas / Friedrich / @1905 Strauss), video recording (opera)
- Salome (1974 Kempe, Rysanek / @1905 Strauss), Orange production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1974 Dohnányi, Jones / @1905 Strauss), London production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1974 Levine, Bumbry / @1905 Strauss), New York (Met) production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1974 Solti, Nilsson / @1905 Strauss), New York (Carnegie) production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1974 Suitner, Rysanek / @1905 Strauss), San Francisco production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1975 Kempe, Rysanek / @1905 Strauss), Munich production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1975 Schneider, Fecht / @1905 Strauss), Düsseldorf production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1975 Keene, Niska / @1905 Strauss), New York (City Opera) production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1975 Sébastian, Schröder-Feinen / @1905 Strauss), Geneva production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome, English ed. (1976 Elder, Barstow / @1905 Strauss), London production (opera)
- Salome (1976 Leinsdorf, Bumbry / @1905 Strauss), New York (Met) production (opera)
- Salome (1977 Rieger, Jones / @1905 Strauss), Munich production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1977 Karajan, Behrens / @1905 Strauss), Salzburg production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1977 Braithwhaite, Tinsley / @1905 Strauss), Brighton production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1978 Klobucar, Bumbry / @1905 Strauss), Chicago production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1979 Rudel, Caballé / @1905 Strauss), Madrid production, video recording (opera)
1980s
- Salome (1981 Davis, Jones / @1905 Strauss), New York (Met) production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1982 Keefe, Galvany / @1905 Strauss), Cincinnati production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1983 Stein, Migenes / @1905 Strauss), Geneva production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1983 Hollreiser, Jones / @1905 Strauss), sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1984 Segerstam, Lindholm / @1905 Strauss), sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1987 Nagano, Caballé / @1905 Strauss), Milan production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1987 Pritchard, Jones / @1905 Strauss), sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1987 Tate, Behrens / @1905 Strauss), Munich production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1987 / @1905 Strauss), Milan production (opera)
- Salome, French ed. (1989 Guschlbauer, Makris / @1905 Strauss), Montpelier production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1989 Janowski, Marton / @1905 Strauss), New York (Met) production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1989 Mund, Caballé / @1905 Strauss), Barcelona production, video recording (opera)
1990s
- Salome, French ed. (1990 Nagano, Huffstodt / @1905 Strauss), Lyon production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1990 Mehta, Marton / @1905 Strauss), Berlin-Dahlem production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1990 Ozawa, Norman / @1905 Strauss), Dresden production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1990 Sinopoli, Studer / @1905 Strauss), Berlin production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1990 Conlon, Behrens / @1905 Strauss), New York (Met) production (opera)
- Salome (1991 Schneider, Zampieri / @1905 Strauss), Vienna production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1991 Sinopoli, Malfitano / Weigl, Large / @1905 Strauss), video recording (opera)
- Salome (1992 / @1905 Strauss), Salzburg production (opera)
- Salome (1992 Downes, Ewing / Bailey / @1905 Strauss), video recording (opera)
- Salome (1992 Waart, Barstow / @1905 Strauss), Amsterdam production, video recording (opera)
- Salome (1994 Dohnányi, Malfitano / @1905 Strauss), Vienna production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1995 Chung, Johnson / @1905 Strauss), Milan production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1995 Schneider, Jones / @1905 Strauss), Vienna production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1996 Runnicles, Malfitano / @1905 Strauss), New York (Met) production (opera)
- Salome (1996 / @1905 Strauss), London production (opera)
- Salome (1997 Dohnányi, Malfitano / Bondy, Hulscher / @1905 Strauss), London production, video recording (opera)
- Salome (1997 Schønwandt, Nielsen / @1905 Strauss), sound recording (opera)
- Salome (1998 Schneider, Tomowa-Sintow / @1905 Strauss), Barcelona production, sound recording (opera)
2000s
- Salome (2000 Gergiev / @1905 Strauss), St. Petersburg production (opera)
- Salome (2000 Delfs, Marc / @1905 Strauss), Milwaukee production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (2001 Ozawa, Voigt / @1905 Strauss), Tanglewood production, sound recording (opera)
Paris 2003 (stage production; sound recording; video recording)
New York 2007 (stage production)
Dresden 2005 (stage production; video recording)
Chicago 2006 (stage production; sound recording)
Martina Franca 2007 (stage production; sound recording)
Watford 2007 (stage production; sound recording)
Milan 2007 (stage production; sound recording; video recording)
- Salome (2008 Noseda, Carbone / @1905 Strauss), Manchester production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (2008 Noseda, Carbone / @1905 Strauss), Turin production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (2008 Jordan, Michael / McVicar / @1905 Strauss), London production, video recording (opera)
2008 (video recording)
- Salome (2008 Summers, Mattila / Sweete / @1905 Strauss), video recording (opera)
- Salome (2009 Ferro, Carbone / @1905 Strauss), Geneva production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (2009 Boder, Stemme / @1905 Strauss), Barcelona production, sound recording (opera)
- Salome (2009 Jones, Gustafson / @1905 Strauss), Lisbon production, sound recording (opera)
Bologna 2010 (stage production; video recording)
Baden-Baden 2012 (stage production; video recording)
New York 2012
- Salome (2012 Welser-Möst, Stemme / @1905 Strauss), New York (Carnegie) production (opera) -- Carnegie: May 24, 2012 -- Rudolf Schasching, tenor (Herod) -- Jane Henschel, mezzo-soprano (Herodias) -- Nina Stemme, soprano (Salome) -- Eric Owens, bass-baritone (Jochanaan) -- Cleveland Orchestra -- Franz Welser-Möst, Conductor
Stockholm 2013 (stage production)
- Salome (2013 Renes, Stemme / @1905 Strauss), Stockholm production (opera) -- Herodes: Niklas Björling Rygert -- Herodias: Marianne Eklöf -- Salome: Nina Stemme -- Jochanaan (John the Baptist): Josef Wagner -- Direction: Sofia Jupither -- Choreography: Roger Lybeck -- The Royal Swedish Opera Orchestra, Lawrence Renes (conductor). The Royal Opera House, Stockholm, 30 November 2013. Premiere
New York 2014 (stage production)
- Salome (2014 Nelsons, Barkmin / @1905 Strauss), New York (Carnegie) production (opera) -- Vienna State Opera -- Andris Nelsons, Conductor -- Gun-Brit Barkmin, soprano (Salome) -- Jane Henschel, mezzo-soprano (Herodias) -- Falk Struckmann, baritone (Jochanaan) == Gerhard Siegel, tenor (Herod)
New York 2016 (stage production)
- Salome (2016 Debus, Racette / @1905 Strauss), New York (Met) production (opera) MEt Premiered Dec 5 (to 28 December), 2016 -- non-specific Contemporary setting - Johannes Debus, conductor -- Patricia Racette (Salome) -- Nancy Fabiola Herrera (Herodias) -- Gerhard Siegel (herod) -- Željko Lučić (John) -- PRODUCTION: Jürgen Flimm -- SET & COSTUME DESIGNER: Santo Loquasto -- LIGHTING DESIGNER: James F. Ingalls -- CHOREOGRAPHER: Doug Varone
External links
- 1905
- Fiction--1900s
- Fiction--German
- Music--1900s
- Operas
- German language--1900s
- Second Temple Studies--1900s
- Second Temple Studies--Fiction
- Second Temple Studies--German
- Salome (subject)
- Salome--fiction (subject)
- Salome--music (subject)
- Herodias--music (subject)
- Herod the Great--music (subject)
- John the Baptist--music (subject)
- Top 1900s