Category:Kraus Rescue Mission (subject)

Kraus Rescue Mission (see Holocaust Children Studies)

• KEYWORDS : Holocaust Refugee Children, United States -- Holocaust Refugee Children -- Jewish Rescuers

Overview

50 children arrived in the United States. Just days before they were to leave Vienna, one of the children, Heinrich Steinberger became ill; his place was taken by Alfred Berg. Another child Fransi Linhard (1926-1939) died of pneumonia shortly after her arrival in the United States.

The children

Heinrich Steinberger (M / Austria, 1933-1942), Holocaust victim -- Just days before they were to leave Vienna, one of the children, Heinrich Steinberger became ill. Because he was too sick to travel, the Krauses chose another child, Alfred Berg, to take his place. According to archival records, Heinrich and his mother were sent to Izbica on June 14, 1942. From Izbica, their train was routed directly to the Sobibór camp, where they were most likely killed upon arrival.

Kurt Admon (b. 1928) (doc, 2013) NOVEMBER 12, 1928 in Vienna, Austria.

Paul Beller (M / Austria, 1931) he was born in Vienna on November 20, 1931 but was officially stateless. (doc, 2013)

Robert Braun (doc, 2013) -- Robert and Johanna Braun. The Braun children lived with the Krauses until after the war, when they were reunited with their parents.

Relly Eisenberg (F / Austria, 1931) she was born in Vienna on March 2, 1931 but was officially stateless.

Fred Freuthal (June 9, 1932) He was born in Vienna on June 9, 1932.

Gerda Halote Stein (doc, 2013)

Kurt Herman (M / Austria, 1929-2014)

Robert Keller (M / Austria, 1926) Vienna August 8, 1926.

Robert Lifschutz (doc, 2013)

Fransi Linhard (F / Austria, 1926) Vienna, January 13, 1926.

Peter Linhard (M / Austria, 1933) Vienna, April 18, 1933

Klara Rattner Lee (F / Austria, 1930) was born in Vienna on August 16, 1930 but was officially stateless. Klara and her parents survived the Holocaust and emigrated to the United States. She married a British engineer, Roy Lee, becoming known as Kay Lee. The couple lived in northern California, first San Mateo, and then Atherton. They had three children. Kay Lee now lives in Noe Valley, San Francisco. (doc, 2013)

Kurt Roth (M / Austria, 1928) he was born in Vienna on November 12, 1928 but was officially stateless.

Bianca Siegmann (F / Austria, 1931) she was born in Vienna on April 12, 1931 but was officially stateless.

Edith Sommer (F / Austria, 1930) She was born in Vienna on March 12, 1930.

Robert Spies (M / Austria, 1929) he was born in Vienna on February 21, 1929. (doc, 2013)

Heinz Tamar (M / Austria, 1929) b. Sept 15, 1929)

Erika Tamar (F / Austria, 1934) she was born in Vienna on June 10, 1934.

Erwin Tepper (doc, 2013)

Julius Wald

Henny Wenkart (doc, 2013)

Helga Weisz Milberg (F / Austria, 1930-2012) (doc, 2013) Born August 14, 1930 in Vienna, Austria.

Fritzi Zinger Nozik (F / Austria, 1930)

Elizabeth Zinger Davis (F / Austria, 1933)

• Charlotte Berg

• Alfred Berg. Alfred Berg (1924-2013) was born in Vienna, Austria, to Julius and Frieda Berg. Frieda was born in Poland, and immigrated to Vienna as a young girl with her family. Alfred’s father was born in Narajow, Germany (now Porajów, Poland) and was an orphan with no immediate family. He fought for Germany during World War I and afterward he moved to Vienna where he met his future wife. Alfred had a sister, Charlotte, who was six years younger than him. Their father worked as a tailor, Alfred and Charlotte went on picnics and swam in the Danube, the family had a nice, comfortable life.

On March 13, 1938, Austria was annexed into Germany in what became known as the Anschluss. German authorities quickly created new legislation that restricted Jewish life. Jews were arrested, required to report their assets, and segregated in public places. After the Anschluss, Alfred was attacked by other boys for being a Jew. During Kristallnacht, Alfred’s father was arrested and taken to the police precinct where his head was shaved, he was only released because he was the commanding officer’s tailor. After Kristallnacht the Bergs began looking for ways to escape Austria. In preparation for immigration to Palestine, Alfred began to learn how to farm.

In early 1939, a Jewish couple from Philadelphia, Gilbert and Eleanor Kraus, with support from the president of the Independent Order of Brith Sholom, Lewis Levine began developing a plan to rescue Jewish children inside Nazi Germany. They were able to obtain 50 U.S. visas and then travelled to Germany in April to select the children for rescue. Upon their arrival the Krauses were told by the Consular Chargé d'Affaires that there were over 200 eligible children in Vienna, and they immediately left for the Austrian capital. In May, Alfred’s sister Charlotte was selected for rescue. Just days before they were to leave Vienna, one of the children, Heinrich Steinberger became ill. Because he was too sick to travel, the Krauses chose Alfred to take his place. Charlotte and Alfred boarded a train to Berlin with the rest of the children on May 21. They arrived in Berlin later that day and were scheduled for physical examinations and final processing the following day. From Berlin they went to Hamburg, Germany, and boarded the SS President Harding and left for New York on May 23. They arrived on June 3 and were taken to the Brith Sholom retreat in Pennsylvania. While there they took courses in civics and US history, as well as English-language training.

After the retreat, Charlotte lived with distant relatives in Brooklyn, NY and Alfred stayed with a foster family in Jersey City, NJ. Charlotte was distraught; she missed her mother and was not eating. Alfred visited his younger sister every weekend until their parents emigrated in December, 1939. Reunited, the family settled in Brooklyn where Alfred’s father worked for 3G, making suits. On June 11, 1943, Alfred was drafted. He joined the Navy Seabees (Construction Battalion) as a private and was sent to Okinawa, Japan. However, before he arrived in Okinawa, the war ended. While in the navy Alfred was picked on by the other sailors because of his Jewish heritage.

After his service ended, Albert returned to New York where he met Marianne Salomon, a fellow Holocaust survivor. Marianne emigrated from Germany to Iowa with her parents in 1938. They lived in Iowa for five years and then moved to New York. In 1953 Alfred and Marianne married. Alfred became a stock broker and Marianne worked as a legal secretary. The couple had two children and three grandchildren and lived in New Jersey.

External links

• USHMM (The Rescue Mission of Gilbert and Eleanor Kraus)