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The Hasmoneans / House of Hasmoneus / Sons of Hasmoneus were a dynasty of High Priests and Kings (the House of Hasmoneus) who ruled Judea and the Temple of Jerusalem, in the period following the Maccabean revolt to the early Herodian period.

History

List of members of the Hasmonean family, and years in office as Kings and/or High Priests

The Forefather

• Mattathias

The Maccabees

• Judas Maccabeus, Jonathan Maccabeus (153-143 BCE), and Simon Maccabeus (142-134 BCE)
  • Were the sons of Mattathias, and leaders of the Maccabean revolt

The Hasmonean Kings and Queens

• John Hyrcanus (134-104 BCE)
  • Was the son of Simon Maccabeus

• Aristobulus (104-103 BCE), and Alexander Jannaeus (103-76 BCE)

• Salome Alexandra, 76-67 BCE (as Queen)
  • Married Alexander Jannaeus, and mothered John Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II
  • At the death of Alexander Jannaeus ruled as Queen

• John Hyrcanus II, 76-67 (as High Priest), 66 (as High Priest and King), and 63-40 (as High Priest)
  • Was the son of Alexander Jannaeus and Salome Alexandra, and the brother of Aristobulus II
  • Fathered Alexandra the Hasmonean

• Aristobulus II, 66-63 BCE (as High Priest and King)
  • Was the son of Alexander Jannaeus and Salome Alexandra, and the brother of John Hyrcanus II
  • Fathered Alexander of Judea and Antigonus

• Alexandra the Hasmonean
  • Was the daughter of John Hyrcanus II
  • Married her cousin Alexander of Judea, son of Aristobulus II. Their children were Mariamne and Aristobulus III.

• Alexander of Judea, and Antigonus
  • Was the sons of Aristobulus II
  • Alexander of Judea married his cousin Alexandra the Hasmonean, daughter of John Hyrcanus II, and fathered Aristobulus III and Mariamne
  • Antigonus in 40-37 (supported by the Parthias) was High Priest and King. Had a daughter who married Antipater II, son of Herod the Great

The Relatives of Herod the Great

• Mariamne and Aristobulus III
  • Were the children of Alexander of Judea and Alexandra the Hasmonean
  • Mariamne married Herod the Great, mothered Aristobulus IV and Alexandros, and was executed by her husband in 29 BCE.
• Aristobulus III was appointed High Priest in 35 BCE by his brother-in-law, Herod the Great, and then executed

The Descendants of Herod the Great

• Aristobulus IV and Alexandros
  • Were the sons of Mariamne and Herod the Great
  • Were both executed by their father in 7 BCE
  • Aristobulus IV married his cousin Berenice I, and fathered: Herod of Chalcis, Herod Agrippa I, Herodias, Mariamne III and Aristobulus Minor.
  • Alexandros married Princess Glaphyra of Cappadocia, and fathered three children: Tigranes V, Julius Alexander and an unnamed daughter.

• Herod of Chalcis, Herod Agrippa I, Herodias, Mariamne III and Aristobulus Minor
  • Were the children of Aristobulus IV and Berenice I

• Tigranes V, and Julius Alexander
  • Were the children of Alexandros and Glaphyra

• Aristobulus of Chalcis
  • Was the son of Herod of Chalcis and Mariamne IV

• Berenicianus and Hyrcanus
  • Were the children of Herod of Chalcis and Berenice

• Herod Agrippa II, Berenice, Mariamne, and Drusilla
  • Were the children of Herod Agrippa I and Cypros

• Salome
  • Was the daughter of Herodias and Herod Boethus, and the stepdaughter of Herod Antipas.

• Tigranes VI
  • Was the son of Julius Alexander

In Depth

• Hasmoneans (sources) -- survey of ancient sources

• Hasmoneans (arts) -- survey of fictional works

• Hasmoneans (research) -- survey of scholarly works

Related categories

• High Priests

References

• Hasmonean Dinasty / Kenneth Atkinson / T&T Clark Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism (2019 Stuckenbruck, Gurtner), dictionary

• Hasmoneans / Joseph Sievers / The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow), dictionary, 705-709

• / [[]] / The Anchor Bible Dictionary (1992 Freedman), dictionary,

External links

• Wikipedia