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Welcome to 4 Enoch

The Online Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism (Jewish, Christian, and Islamic Origins) International Research, Scholarship, and Fiction, from the 15th century to the present

4 Enoch 4 Enoch offers a comprehensive and authoritative introduction to SCHOLARLY RESEARCH and FICTION in Second Temple Judaism (including Samaritan and New Testament Studies), i.e. the period from Ezekiel to the completion of the New Testament and the Mishnah. It also deals with the roots of Second Temple traditions in the Ancient Israelite Religion, as well as the influence and legacy of those traditions for Christian, Jewish and Islamic Origins, up to the time of the completion of the Qur'an. 4 Enoch includes scholarly and fictional works authored from the mid-15th century to the present, all around the world, with biographies of Scholars and Authors and a Dictionary of People, Places, Topics, etc. of Second Temple Judaism & Christian Origins. With ore than 15,000 pages, "4 Enoch" provides a comprehensive WHO's WHO of the period, as well as BIOGRAPHIES of Scholars and Authors, and ABSTRACTS of scholarly and fictional Works, authored from the mid-15th century to the present, all around the world. Still a work in progress, the Encyclopedia, created in 2009 by Gabriele Boccaccini of the University of Michigan with the collaboration of Carlos A. Segovia of the Camilo Jose Cela University Madrid, is the collective work of international specialists in the field associated with the Enoch Seminar [1] Enter the GENERAL INDEX (here) to see the contents of the Encyclopedia in more details. Are you a scholar or graduate student, and would you like to contribute to the Encyclopedia? Please, contact Editor-in-Chief Professor Gabriele Boccaccini <gbocca@umich.edu>, or Associate Editor Professor Carlos A. Segovia <segoviamail@gmail.com>, and join the team of international specialists working in this project. Visit ENOCH SEMINAR Online to see the many activities of the Enoch Seminar. [Note: 4 Enoch is a work in progress (changes are made of a daily basis). Some entries are fully developed, others exist only in a draft form. Evertytime you visit the site, you will see that new features have been added. ] Editorial Board Editorial Board Gabriele Boccaccini, University of Michigan (USA) – Editor-in-chief Carlos A. Segovia, Camilo Jose Cela University (Madrid, Spain, EU) – Associate Editor and Chair of the Editorial Board Kelley Coblentz Bautch, St Edward's University (Austin, Texas, USA) Samuele Rocca (Israel) Shayna Sheinfeld, McGill University (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) Géza G. Xeravits, Sapientia College of Theology (Budapest, Hungary, EU) Rodney Caruthers, University of Michigan (USA) Deborah Forger, University of Michigan (USA) Thematic Board Samuele Rocca (Israel) – Associate Editor and Chair of the Board Shayna Sheinfeld, McGill University (Montreal, Quebec, Canada) – Associate Editor and Co-Chair of the Board Gabriele Boccaccini, University of Michigan (USA) – in charge for Second Temple Studies Leonard V. Rutgers, University of Utrecht (Netherlands, EU) – in charge for Hellenistic-Jewish Studies Jan Willem van Henten, University of Amsterdam (Netherlands, EU) – in charge for Josephus Studies Carlos A. Segovia, Camilo José Cela University (Madrid, Spain, EU) – in charge for Early Islamic Studies Emilio González Ferrín, University of Seville (Spain, EU) – in charge for Early Islamic Studies Jack Pastor, Oranim Academic College (Israel) / Second Temple Studies Language Board Géza G. Xeravits, Sapientia College of Theology (Budapest, Hungary, EU) – Associate Editor and Chair of the Board Daniel Assefa, Capuchin Franciscan Institute of Philosophy and Theology (Addis Abeba, Ethiopia) – in charge for Ethiopic Scholarship Florentina Badalanova-Geller, Freie-Universität Berlin (Germany, EU) – in charge for Bulgarian Scholarship and Serbo-Croatian Scholarship Emmanouela Grypeou, University of Oxford (England, UK, EU) – in charge for Greek Scholarship Paul Kim, Methodist Theological School (Ohio, USA) – in charge for Korean Scholarship Ludmila Navtanovich (St Petersburg, Russia) – in charge for Russian Scholarship Rivka Nir, Open University of Israel (Israel) – in charge for Israeli Scholarship Mika Pajunen, University of Helsinki (Finland, EU) – in charge for Finnish Scholarship Stephane Saulnier, Newman University (Wichita, Kansas, USA) – in charge for French Scholarship Carlos A. Segovia, Camilo Jose Cela University (Madrid, Spain, EU) – in charge for Spanish Scholarship Carla Sulzbach, McGill University (Montreal, Canada) – in charge for Dutch Scholarship Alexander Toepel, University of Tübingen (Germany, EU) – in charge for German Scholarship Cecilia Wassen, University of Uppsala (Sweden, EU) – in charge for Swedish Scholarship Géza G. Xeravits, Sapientia College of Theology (Budapest, Hungary, EU) – in charge for Hungarian Scholarship History 4 Enoch: The Online Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism and Christian Origins is an academic project of the Enoch Seminar, created in 2009 by Gabriele Boccaccini (University of Michigan, USA), in collaboration with the late Hanan Eshel (Bar-Ilan University, Israel), Loren T. Stuckenbruck (Princeton Theological Seminary, USA), and Carlos A. Segovia (Camilo José Cela University, Spain). The current Board of Directors of the Enoch Seminar includes: Gabriele Boccaccini (chair), Kelley Coblentz Bautch, Esther Eshel, Matthias Henze, Pierluigi Piovanelli, Carlos A. Segovia, and Loren T. Stuckenbruck. See the Enoch Seminar Website Born as a bibliography in the early 1990s and developed as a database in the 2000s, 4 Enoch has been made freely accessible online in wiki-format since August 2009. It now includes more than 1,000 encyclopedic entries, 8,000 abstracts of scholarly and fictional works, 3,000 biographies of scholars and authors, from the 15th century to the present... Funds for the Enoch Seminar are provided by the Alessandro Nangeroni International Endowment, the Michigan Center for Early Christian Studies, the Department of Near Eastern Studies of the University of Michigan and the Frankel Center for Judaic Studies. For more details on the website, see About 4 Enoch. To register and contribute, go to Community Portal. Conferences November 23-26, 2013 - The Society of Biblical Literature Annual Meeting - The details, call for papers, and registration information can be read here - http://sbl-site.org/meetings/AnnualMeeting.aspx

Contents 4 ENOCH SURVEY OF INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH Hebrew Bible (Ancient Israel) Studies -- SECOND TEMPLE STUDIES -- and -- CHRISTIAN ORIGINS STUDIES -- Early Samaritan Studies -- OT Apocrypha Studies / OT Pseudepigrapha Studies / Wisdom Studies / Apocalyptic Studies / Hellenistic-Jewish Studies / Qumran Studies / Enochic Studies / Philo Studies / Josephus Studies Historical Jesus Studies / New Testament Studies / Gospels Studies / Pauline Studies / Petrine Studies / Johannine Studies Early Christian Studies -- Early Jewish Studies -- Early Islamic Studies 4 ENOCH DICTIONARY OF SECOND TEMPLE JUDAISM Second Temple Judaism -> People -- Places -- Artifacts -- Events -- Texts -- Topics 4 ENOCH ABSTRACTS OF SCHOLARLY & FICTIONAL WORKS Scholarship -- Fiction -- Non-Fiction -- Arch-fi -- Archaeology -- Research tools Languages -- Countries -- Cities -- Fields of research -- Works' chronology 4 ENOCH BIOGRAPHIES OF MODERN AUTHORS Scholars -- Authors -- Identities -- Expertise -- People's generations News May 8, 2013 Geza Vermes passed away. He was emeritus professor of Jewish Studies at Wolfson College, Oxford; and director of the Oxford Forum for Qumran Research at the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies. From 1971 he was editor of Journal of Jewish Studies. January 28, 2013 Paul J. Achtemeier passed away. He was Professor emeritus of Biblical Interpretation at Union Theological Seminary in Richmond, Virginia. He was General Editor of the Harper’s Bible Dictionary (1985; rev. 1996) and author of numerous works on the New Testament. October 17, 2012 Frank Moore Cross passed away. He was one of the pioneers of Qumran Studies and among the most distinguished and influential scholars of his generation in the field of ancient Judaism. September 5, 2012 Walter Harrelson Walter Harrelson, an internationally acclaimed Old Testament scholar who previously served as dean of Vanderbilt University Divinity School, died in Winston-Salem, N.C. The Distinguished Professor of Hebrew Bible, emeritus, was 92 years old and had been in hospice care. Vanderbilt University posted a fitting tribute here- http://bit.ly/PX6PLZ August 16, 2012 -- Marvin Meyer, was Griset Professor of Bible and Christian Studies and Co-Chair of the Department of Religious Studies, Chapman University. He was also Director of the Chapman University Albert Schweitzer Institute. His publications were multitudinous and very influential in the field of early Christianity. March 26, 2012 -- Helmer Ringgren, Old Testament scholar and linguist died. He got his doctorate at Uppsala in 1947 and was a pupil of Geo Widengren, professor of Comparative Religion, and of the famous semitist H. S. Nyberg. He had held chairs both in Comparative Religion (Åbo, Finland, 1962-64), and in Old Testament Exegetics (Evanston, 1960-62; Uppsala 1964-83). Further here- http://bit.ly/HGNV95 February 10, 2012 -- Richard T. France died. He was born on 2 April 1938. He was educated at Bradford Grammar School and Balliol College, Oxford (BA, 1960; MA 1963). He earned his BD at Tyndale Hall, University of London (1963) and his PhD at Tyndale Hall, Bristol (1967). He served pastoral charges in England and Wales from 1995 until his retirement in 1999. He was the author of many important exegetical works. February 2, 2012 Lexicographer and New Testament scholar Frederick W. Danker passed away; see http://bit.ly/xM0gen. His memorial service was held Saturday, 18 Feb, 2012, at Bethel Lutheran Church, 7001 Forsyth Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63105. November November 21, 2011 Israeli Archaeologist Joseph Naveh passed away; see http://bit.ly/sccijU. For a list of his publications visit here - http://bit.ly/t4lpvy. And for a brief biography, here - http://bit.ly/t4L7wi. Christopher Rollston has penned an obituary which can be found here - http://www.rollstonepigraphy.com/?p=331 The 6th Enoch Seminar was held in Milan, Italy (June 26-30, 2011) on 2 Baruch / 4 Ezra. See the Enoch Seminar page for further details. The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow) is now available. It is a landmark in the history of research in Second Temple Judaism and Christian Origins. July 11, 2011 Italian NT scholar Giuseppe Segalla passed away; see http://www.fttr.it/pls/fttr/V3_S2EW_CONSULTAZIONE.mostra_pagina?id_pagina=1005 June 24, 2011 Friedemann Golka, a member of the Society for Old Testament Study and author of numerous Old Testament studies, passed away. He was born on the 5th of April in 1942. A brief obituary has been uploaded here- http://www.scribd.com/doc/59305033/Friedemann-Obituary . May 26, 2011 Dafydd Rhys ap-Thomas, a former President of SOTS and author of many biblical studies books as well as translator of many, passed away. There's a brief obituary here - http://www.annibynwyr.org/5353.html?diablo.lang=eng February 19, 2011 - Israeli Archaeologist Anson F. Rainey (born 11 January 1930) passed away 19 February 2011. A biography and bibliography of his many works is available here- http://www.tau.ac.il/humanities/archaeology/directory/dir_anson_rainey.html . May his memory be a blessing. February 13, 2011 - American Professor, and friend of the Enoch Seminar, Alan F. Segal (1945-2011) passed away on Feb 13. His premature death is very sad news for all those who had the privilege of knowing him, and a great loss for the entire community of specialists in Second Temple Judaism and Christian Origins. Our thoughts are with his family. May his memory be a blessing. January 13, 2011 - German scholar Rudolf Pesch (1936-2011) passed away. Prof. Pesch's research focused on the Gospel of Mark and the Acts of Apostles. Dec 15, 2010 - With great sorrow we announce that Israeli Professor, and member of the Enoch Seminar, Shemaryahu Talmon (1920-2010) passed away on Dec 15. Prof. Talmon was the chief editor of the Hebrew University Bible Project for many years. May his memory be a blessing. December 6, 2010 - Biblical scholar and translator John Bowden (1935 - 2010) passed away. He was an accomplished scholar in his own right but is probably better known as a translator of many books in the field of Biblical studies. Oct 28, 2010 - Israeli Archaeologist Ehud Netzer (1934-2010) passed away. A specialist of Herodian archaeology, is renowned for his excavations at the Herodium. He recently announced the discovery of the location of the tomb of Herod the Great. Oct 26, 2010 - Biblical scholar Jan Alberto Soggin (1926-2010) passed away. He was Professor at the Waldensian Faculty of Theology in Rome, Italy. His History of Israel and Introduction to the Old Testament were international bestsellers. May 15, 2010 - American-Israeli scholar Moshe Greenberg (1928-2010) passed away. Apr 8, 2010 - Israeli archaeologist and co-director of the Enoch Seminar Hanan Eshel (1958-2010) passed away. Apr 7, 2010 - American historian Ellis Rivkin (1918-2010) passed away

Note: 4 Enoch is a work in progress. In the first phase (Aug 2009 - Jul 2010) thousands of entries (abstracts of works of scholarship and fiction, biographies of scholars and authors, etc.) were included.

The keywords associated with each bibliographical and biographical entry have generated numerous "Subject entries" or "Categories" (now existing mostly in a draft form), which in the second phase of the project (Aug 2010 - Aug 2014) are now in the process of being assigned to specialists and developed as original contributions to the study of Second Temple Judaism and Christian Origins