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{en} Tyler A Stewart. The Origin and Persistence of Evil in Galatians. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2022.

Abstract

Based on his 2019 dissertation

"In this study, Tyler A. Stewart investigates narrative explanations for evil in Galatians set in the context of Second Temple Judaism and early Christianity. Scholarship has typically interpreted Paul's view of evil based on Adam's fall or a mere reflex of Christology. In contrast, the author argues that in Galatians Paul's view of evil is based on the narrative of rebellious angels found in the Book of Watchers. Additionally, he claims that Paul's use of Enochic tradition is consistent with Second Temple Jewish literature and finds support in early Christian reception of Galatians. "--

Contents

Cover -- Title -- Preface -- Table of Contents -- Chapter One: Introduction -- 1.1 Bultmann vs Käsemann: Anthropology or Cosmology -- 1.2 The Adamic Template in Pauline Scholarship -- 1.3 Christological Novum -- 1.3.1 Sanders: Solution to Plight -- 1.3.2 Martyn, de Boer, and Campbell: Christological Apocalypse -- 1.3.3 Watson, Hays, and Wright: Christology and Scripture -- 1.4 Conclusion: The Present Study -- Chapter Two: Reframing Evil in Galatians -- 2.1 The Relationship between Galatians and Romans -- 2.2 The Inability of Romans to Explain Galatians 3:19 -- 2.3 An Enochic Solution; 2.4 Conclusion -- Chapter Three: Deconstructing the Adamic Template -- 3.1 Formation of the Adamic Template -- 3.1.1 Ben Sira -- 3.1.1.1 The Source of Evil in Ben Sira -- 3.1.1.2 Ben Sira and Gen 1-3 -- 3.1.2 Wisdom of Solomon -- 3.1.2.1 Wisdom 7:1 -- 3.1.2.2 Wisdom 9:1-2 -- 3.1.2.3 Wisdom 10:1-2 -- 3.1.2.4 Wisdom 15:8-17 -- 3.1.2.5 Wisdom 2:23-24 -- 3.2 The Adamic Template in Late Jewish Apocalyptic -- 3.2.1 Fourth Ezra -- 3.2.1.1 The First Dialogue -- 3.2.1.2 The Third Dialogue -- 3.2.2 Second Baruch -- 3.2.2.1 Second Baruch 3:1-4 -- 3.2.2.2 Second Baruch 14:1-19; 3.2.2.3 Second Baruch 15:1-18:2 -- 3.2.2.4 Second Baruch 48:42-43 -- 3.2.2.5 Second Baruch 54:15-19 -- 3.2.2.6 Second Baruch 56:5-14 -- 3.2.2.7 Second Baruch 73:3-5 -- 3.3 Conclusion -- Chapter Four: Evil in Enochic Tradition and Jubilees -- 4.1 Book of Watchers -- 4.1.1 Shemihazah and Asael Narratives (1 En. 6-11) -- 4.1.1.1 Etiology -- 4.1.1.2 Paradigm -- 4.1.1.3 Unresolved Ambiguities -- 4.1.2 Book of Watchers (1 En. 1-36) -- 4.1.2.1 Previous Approaches -- 4.1.2.2 Etiology and Plural Responsibility -- 4.1.2.3 Human Agency in Reception History -- 4.2 Jubilees; 4.2.1 Jubilees and the Origin and Persistence of Evil -- 4.2.2 Adamic Tradition (Jub. 3:8-31 -- 4:29-30) -- 4.2.3 Enochic Tradition (Jub. 5:1-19 -- 7:20-39 -- 8:1-4 -- 10:1-14) -- 4.3 Conclusion -- Chapter Five: An Enochic Narrative in Galatians -- 5.1 An Enochic Problem and the Opponents in Galatians -- 5.1.1 The Present Evil Age (Gal 1:4) -- 5.1.2 The Corruption of "All Flesh" (Gal 2:16) -- 5.1.3 Evil and the Opponents (Gal 3:1) -- 5.2 A Christological Solution to an Enochic Problem -- 5.2.1 Angelomorphic Adoption -- 5.2.1.1 Galatians 1:16 -- 5.2.1.2 Galatians 2:20 -- 5.2.1.3 Galatians 3:26; 5.2.1.4 Galatians 4:4-7 -- 5.2.2 "Born from a Woman" -- 5.2.3 Spirit of God's Son -- 5.3 The Apotropaic Function of the Law in Galatians -- 5.3.1 Protection from Transgressions -- 5.3.2 Paidagōgos -- 5.4 The Inadequacy of the Law -- 5.4.1 Temporal Validity -- 5.4.2 Angelic Mediation -- 5.5 Conclusion -- Chapter Six: Evidence from Reception History -- 6.1 Creation Tradition -- 6.2 Enochic Tradition -- 6.3 Philosophical Traditions -- 6.4 Pauline Tradition -- 6.5 Conclusion -- Chapter Seven: Conclusion -- Appendix: Textual Variant in Galatians 2:20 -- Bibliography -- Index of Ancient Sources; Introduction -- Reframing evil in Galatians -- Deconstructing the Adamic template -- Evil in Enochic tradition and Jubilees -- An Enochic narrative in Galatians -- Evidence from Reception history -- Conclusion.

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