Emanuel Mandel (M / Hungary, 1936), Holocaust survivor
Emanuel "Manny" Mandel (M / Hungary, 1936), Holocaust survivor
- KEYWORDS : <Hungary> <Kastner Train> <Bergen-Belsen> <Switzerland>
Biography
Emanuel ("Emerich", "Manny") Mandel was born in Riga, Latvia on May (or March?) 8, 1936, but raised in Budapest, Hungary. In 1944 he was selected with his mother among the 1700 Jews of the Kastner Train. After spending six months in Bergen-Belsen, they safely reached Switzerland in December 1944. In 1945 they emigrated in Palestine where they were reunited with the father in 1946. They moved to the United States in 1949. Manny graduated from Central High School, Gratz College, Temple University, and the University of Pennsylvania. He was a practicing psychotherapist in Maryland until his retirement in 2014.
Source
- Kastner Train List II (confirmed: "Emerich Mandel")
USHMM's ID Card
Manny was born to a religious Jewish family in the port city of Riga, Latvia. Shortly after Manny's birth, his father accepted a post as one of the four chief cantors in Budapest and the family returned to Hungary, where they had lived before 1933. Manny's father was based at the renowned Rombach Street synagogue. Between the wars, Budapest was an important Jewish center in Europe.
1933-39: Manny's father wouldn't let him have a bicycle. He thought someone might take it away from him because he was Jewish. After anti-Jewish laws were passed in 1938, Jews were severely harassed in Hungary. Manny's father followed him to school to see that he made it there safely. His school was only a few blocks away, but his father was afraid someone might come up behind Manny and push him into traffic. His father said things like that had happened before.
1940-44: Manny was just old enough to explore his neighborhood when the Germans came to Budapest in March 1944. His mother told him that they were being deported. Manny wasn't sure what that was, only that they were leaving. It sounded like an adventure to Manny, but his mother said it was serious. They were with a group of Jews the Germans were exchanging for trucks. They left on trains; at night they slept outside in tents. They came to the Bergen-Belsen camp. It was muddy and Manny's shoes fell apart. That meant he couldn't run around; running was the only "play" they had.
After the war, Manny went to Switzerland with his mother for several months, before emigrating to Palestine in 1945. He moved to the United States in 1949.
Manny is a volunteer at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
USHMM
Emanuel (Manny) Mandel is the only child of Yehuda Mandel and Ella Klein Mandel. He was born on May 8, 1936 in Riga Latvia, but when Manny was only a few months old, his family moved to Budapest where his father became the Chief Cantor of the Rombach Street synagogue. Manny's father Yehuda was born in Csepe, Ruthenia in 1904, and his mother Ella was born in Kunszentmiklos in Southern Hungary in 1908. After anti-Jewish laws were passed in 1938, Jews were severely harassed in Hungary. Manny's father had to follow him to school to assure that he made it there safely. In March 1944 Germany assumed direct control of Hungary and almost immediately began deporting its Jewish population. Manny's paternal uncle, David Mandel, was active in Hashomer Hatzair and involved with the organized Jewish community known as the Vaada. He secured spots for Ella and Manny on the Kasztner Transport, a group of Jews the Germans agreed to exchange for trucks. Cantor Mandel meanwhile had been conscripted into a forced labor battalion. In June, Manny and his mother were deported by train directly to Bergen-Belsen. They remained in Bergen-Belsen for six months until they were released as part of the barter and sent to Switzerland on December 6, 1944. Manny and his mother stayed at the Heiden children's home where Ella worked as a teacher. In 1945 they immigrated legally to Palestine in 1945 and were placed in Kibbutz Shaar HaAmakim. Manny's father, Cantor Yehuda Mandel, managed to escape from his labor brigade in November 1944 and return to Budapest. There he became a runner for Wallenberg and remained in the city until its liberation by the Soviet Army on February 13, 1945. Wanting to join his wife and son in Palestine, he made his way to La Spezia harbor to board an illegal immigration ship. Once the British learned of the ship and prevented its sailing in April 1946, Yehuda Mandel helped organize a hunger strike in protest. Eventually the British yielded and Yehuda sailed to Palestine in May on board the Eliahu Golomb or its sister ship the Dov Hos. After reuniting, the Mandels settled in Haifa where Yehuda Mandel was selected as Cantor. In 1949 they migrated to the U.S. Though Manny's immediate family survived the war, many of his relatives perished including his grandmother Rosa Braun Mandel, his maternal grandparents Rabbi Aaron and Paula Klein and his seven-year-old cousin Judit Krishaber who were killed at Auschwitz.