Anna Hanusova / Anna Flach (F / Czechia, 1930-2014), Holocaust survivor
Anna Hanusova / Anna Flach (F / Czechia, 1930-2014), Holocaust survivor.
- One of the Girls of Room 28
- KEYWORDS : <Theresienstadt> <Liberation of Theresienstadt>
Biography
She is one of the Girls of Room 28 featured in 2004 in Hannelore Brenner's book.
USHMM Oral Interview
Anna Hanusova-Flachova, born in 1930 in Moravia in Czechoslovakia, discusses her childhood; antisemitism that she encountered in school; the German occupation of Czechoslovakia; her parents' decision to send her oldest sister to Palestine; German restrictions on Jews; continuing religious practices during the occupation; being part of the first deportation to the Theresienstadt ghetto in November 1941; being separated from her father and living with her mother and sister in the barracks; moving to a children's home after a year; her schooling in the ghetto and extra-curricular activities; the importance of music to her in the ghetto; the unsanitary conditions and hunger in the ghetto; her sister's deportation to the Auschwitz concentration camp; the deportations of many of her friends from the children's home; the Red Cross visit to Theresienstadt; liberation and the return of her sister and brother from concentration camps; a typhus epidemic that broke out in Theresienstadt right before liberation and her time recuperating in a sanatorium; returning with her family to Brno, Czechoslovakia; and the difficulties her family encountered rebuilding their lives after the war.
Travel Eye (01/10/2019)
Anna was born on Nov. 26, 1930, as the last child of Leo Flach and Alžběta Koberová in Polský Těšín. When she was 1 year old, the family moved to Český Těšín, then to Ostrava and in 1937 to Brno. Anna started to play the piano and attended a ballet school with her sister Alice. After completing secondary school her brother Michal (1938) moved to Prague and began his studies at Charles University. Although he was granted a scholarship to study in America, the Nazi occupation changed everything. Only his sister Irena managed to leave the Protectorate in 1940, by illegal transport to Palestine, on the ship Patria. However, the English did not allow it to enter the country, a bomb planted on the ship exploded and Irena as one of only a few survived the tragedy. She married, fi rst lived in Palestine and later in Australia.
On Anna’s 11th birthday (Nov 26, 1941) an order for transportation to a concentration camp arrived. Three days later the family went to the meeting point, from where they were taken by train, reaching Terezín on Dec. 2. At first Anna lived in the ghetto, together with her parents. After founding children’s homes, she was placed in room 28 of Building L 410. Here Anna and another 2 girls worked in Jad tomechet (Helping Hands) in an attempt to help older people and make their lives a little easier. When Rudolf Freundfeld-Franěk brought the Brundibár opera to the ghetto, she auditioned for it and became a member of the choir. After more than two months of rehearsals the premiere was held in Magdeburg Barracks (Sep. 23, 1943). The girls from room 28 came from various families and backgrounds and it was necessary to fi nd a way to give them certain rules of interpersonal relations. To make life easier for them, the house mothers started playing a game with them which they called Maagal (in Hebrew, a circle). Only such girls who were willing to help the others could enter the circle. Once a month there was an election to see who could enter this circle and the girls considered it a great honour if they were voted into the Maagal.
Anna’s parents stayed in Terezín until the end of the war, but in September 1944 her brother Michal was transported – fi rst to Auschwitz-Birkenau and in October to Buchenwald- Meuselwitz. From here he managed to escape during the Death March and get to the Americans, where he worked as a go-between thanks to his excellent English. His sister Alice was also sent to Auschwitz and then to Bergen- Belsen. Here being seriously ill, she was condemned to death, but was saved by a woman – kapo who remembered how beautifully she had danced at one of the blocks. Although she was later transported from Bergen-Belsen, she kept dancing and surprisingly survived. The war fi nally ended. The Red Cross took over the administration of Terezín. Anna and Ela used to stand for hours on the square listening to announcements on the loud-speaker and believed in their reunion with the family. One day Anna saw something which she really could 67 not believe – her brother Michal in an American uniform.
Anna’s destiny was guided by a concert of Alice Herzová-Sommerová in Terezín. This was also the reason she studied piano and opera signing after the war. She married the musician Vítězslav Hanus, with whom she worked for two years in China, and half a year in Beirut and Australia. As an opera tutor and répétiteur she worked at the Brno Conservatory, was a judge at the international silenced music competition in Schwerin and a teacher of singing and piano accompaniment at master courses in Israel. She has a son Tomáš, also an excellent pianist, daughter-in-law Jana and grandsons Daniel, Tomáš, Michael, Filip and Tobiáš. She lives in Brno, loves life and every year spends a holiday with the “girls from room 28” in Špindlerův Mlýn.