Spanish Scholarship (1990s)

Overview

The 1990s might be roughly defined as the “Qumran decade” in Spanish scholarship on Second Temple Judaism, in so far as nine volumes on the Dead Sea Scrolls were published in Spanish language between 1991 and 1996, including Florentino García Martínez’s 1992 Spanish edition of the significant manuscripts then available, which was translated into English, Dutch, Portuguese and Italian in 1994, 1994-95, 1995, and 1996, respectively. In 1991 Santiago Ausín Olmos published a philological study on the ethical language of the sectarian writings from Qumran. Then followed César Vidal Manzanares’ two consecutive, introductory essays on the Qumran community and its literature (1993, 1995); Florentino García Martínez’s and Julio Trebolle Barrera’s study on the men from Qumran (1993), which was translated into English and Italian in 1995 and 1996, respectively; and two edited volumes, one by Antonio Piñero Sáenz and Dimas Fernández Galiano (1994) and one by Julio Trebolle Barrera (1999), who had earlier published with Luis Vegas Montaner the proceedings of the Madrid Qumran Congress (1992). In addition, the Spanish translation of Jean Pouilly’s 1990 introduction to the Scrolls and Hartmut Stegemann’s 1993 study on the Essenes, Qumran, John the Baptist and Jesus (which was translated into English in 1998), were published in 1991 and 1996, respectively.

Other themes studied were the history of Messianic ideas in ancient Judaism and emerging Christianity (by José Luis Sicre Díaz [1995]), the development of intertestamental literature (by Gonzalo Aranda Pérez, Florentino García Martínez and Miguel Pérez Fernández [1996]), Philo (by Sofía Torallas Tovar [1997]), Ben Sira (by Nuria Calduch-Benages [1997], who also published in English and German on the Book of Sirach and the Wisdom of Solomon in 1998 and 1999, respectively), and the Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs (by Rosa M. Boixareu i Vilaplana [1999]). Several volumes on the study of the historical Jesus, the New Testament, and both the Jewish roots and the development of earliest Christianity, were also published in this decade by Rafael Aguirre Monasterio, Xavier Alegre Santamaría, María Ángeles Alonso Ávila, David Álvarez Cineira (in German), Carmen Bernabé Ubieta, Aurelio de Santos Otero, Juan Miguel Díaz Rodelas, Joaquín González Echegaray, Antonio Piñero Sáenz (whose 1993 book on the Life of Jesus according to the Apocryphal Gospels was translated into French, German, Italian, and Portuguese in 1996, 1997, and 2002, and must thus be regarded, together with Florentino García Martínez's 1992 Spanish translation of the Scrolls, as one of the two most ever translated Spanish volumes), Antonio Rodríguez Carmona, Ramón Trevijano Etcheverría, Josep Oriol Tuñi Vancells, Senén Vidal García, and César Vidal Manzanares.

A series of relevant translations of ancient texts into Spanish language also took place in the 1990s. Several Targumim were translated by Josep Ribera Florit (1992, 1997) and Emiliano Martínez Borobio (1998); Philo’s De somniis and De Josepho by Sofía Torallas Tovar (1997); Josephus’ Autobiography and Contra Apionem by Margarita Rodríguez de Sepúlveda; Josephus' Jewish War by Jesús María Nieto Ibáñez (1997, 1999); and the Latin version of 4 Ezra by Gabriel Marcelo Nápole (1998).

As earlier said, both Florentino García Martínez's Spanish edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls and Florentino García Martínez’s and Julio Trebolle Barrera's book on the Qumran community were translated into several European languages (including English) between 1994 and 1996. No other books dealing with the study of the Second Temple period originally published in Spanish had been translated into other languages prior to that date. Moreover, Florentino García Martínez published in 1992 a most remarkable study in English language on Qumran and apocalyptic; he also co-edited two collective volumes, one on the Bible and the Scrolls (with Anthony Hilshort and Casper J. Labuschagne, and one on the halakhah from Qumran (with Ed Noort), in 1992 and 1997, respectively, as well as a volume and one on the study of early Judaism and the Hebrew Bible (with Moshe J. Bernstein and John Kampen) and one on the Noah traditions (with Gerard P. Luttikhuizen) in 1998; a complete bibliography of the Dead Sea Scrolls covering the years 1970-1975 (with Donald W. Parry) in 1997, The Dead Sea Scrolls Study Edition (with Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar) between 1997 and 1998, and vol. XXIII of the Discoveries in the Judean Desert series (with Eibert J.C. Tigchelaar and Adam S. van der Woude) in 1998. Meanwhile, Natalio Fernández Marcos published in 1994 an Engish volume on the Septuagint and the Old Latin versions of the Books of Kings. In addition, Gonzálo Aranda Perez's, Florentino García Martínez's and Miguel Pérez Fernández's study on intertestamental literature was translated into Italian in 1998.

As for the Spanish edition of contemporary studies, one must mention Johann Maier’s Zwishen den Testamenten: Geschichte und Religion in der Zeit des zweiten Tempels, Walter Schmithals' Die Apokalyptik, and a rather large number of volumes dealing with the study of the historical Jesus, the New Testament and Christian Origins which include several studies by David L. Balch, François Bovon, Raymond E. Brown, Matthieu Collin, Oscar Cullmann, Alfred Edersheim, David Flusser, Pierre Lenhardt, Ulrich Luz, John P. Meier, Romano Penna, Jacques Schlosser, Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, John E. Stambaugh, Gerd Theissen, and Karen Jo Torjesen.

Statistics

1990s - Books by Spanish scholars originally published in Spanish

• 42 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■

1990s - Books by Spanish scholars originally published in Spanish, by subject

• 22 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Historical Jesus, Time of Jesus, New Testament (including the New Testament Apocrypha), and Christian Origins
• 7 ■■■■■■■ Dead Sea Scrolls and Qumran
• 4 ■■■■ Targumic Literature
• 3 ■■■ Josephus
• 2 ■■ Second Temple History and Literature
• 1 ■ Early Rabbinic Literature
• 1 ■ History of Interpretation
• 1 ■ Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
• 1 ■ Philo

1990s - Books by Spanish scholars originally published in other languages different from Spanish

• 14 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■

1990s - Books by Spanish scholars originally published in other languages different from Spanish, by subject

• 9 ■■■■■■■■■ Dead Sea Scrolls and Qumran
• 1 ■ Book of Sirach
• 1 ■ Greek Bible
• 1 ■ Paul and Empire
• 1 ■ Testaments of the Twelve Patriarchs
• 1 ■ Wisdom of Solomon

1990s - Books by Spanish scholars

• 56 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■

1990s - Books by Spanish scholars, by subject

• 23 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Historical Jesus, Time of Jesus, New Testament (including the New Testament Apocrypha), and Christian Origins
• 16 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Dead Sea Scrolls and Qumran
• 4 ■■■■ Targumic Literature
• 3 ■■■ Josephus
• 2 ■■ Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
• 2 ■■ Second Temple History and Literature
• 1 ■ Book of Sirach
• 1 ■ Early Rabbinic Literature
• 1 ■ Greek Bible
• 1 ■ History of Interpretation
• 1 ■ Philo
• 1 ■ Wisdom of Solomon

1990s - Books by non-Spanish scholars translated into Spanish

• 21 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■

1990s - Books by non-Spanish scholars translated into Spanish, by subject

• 16 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Historical Jesus, Time of Jesus, New Testament, and Christian Origins
• 2 ■■ Dead Sea Scrolls and Qumran
• 1 ■ Apocalyptic Literature
• 1 ■ Josephus
• 1 ■ Second Temple History

1990s - Total books published in Spain

• 64 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■

1990s - Total books published in Spain, by subject

• 37 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■ Historical Jesus, Time of Jesus, New Testament (including the New Testament Apocrypha), and Christian Origins
• 9 ■■■■■■■■■ Dead Sea Scrolls and Qumran
• 4 ■■■■ Josephus
• 4 ■■■■ Targumic Literature
• 3 ■■■ Second Temple History and Literature
• 2 ■■ Old Testament Pseudepigrapha
• 1 ■ Apocalyptic Literature
• 1 ■ Early Rabbinic Literature
• 1 ■ History of Interpretation
• 1 ■ Philo

1990s - Total books by Spanish scholars originally published outside Spain

• 13 ■■■■■■■■■■■■■

1990s - Total books by Spanish scholars originally published outside Spain, by subject

• 9 ■■■■■■■■■ Dead Sea Scrolls and Qumran
• 1 ■ Book of Sirach
• 1 ■ Greek Bible
• 1 ■ Paul and Empire
• 1 ■ Wisdom of Solomon

1990s - Books by Spanish scholars translated into other languages

• 2 ■■

1990s - Books by Spanish scholars translated into other languages, by subject

• 1 ■ Dead Sea Scrolls and Qumran
• 1 ■ Historical Jesus and New Testament Apocrypha