Category:Kaufering Babies (subject)

Kaufering Babies (see Holocaust Children Studies)

• Born in Captivity -- Dachau

Overview

The Kaufering Babies were a group of seven babies (4 girls, 3 boys), who were born at Kaufering, a sub-camp of Dachau in Feb-Apr 1945.

Though pregnant women and their babies were almost never permitted to survive, this group of seven pregnant, Hungarian Jewish women, arrived at Dachau in December 1944, was allowed to bear their children, possibly as a bargaining chip for their SS overseers to use when the Allies conquered Germany. Labeled as the Schwanger Kommando (Pregnancy Unit), they were forced to work in the prisoners’ laundry. Despite appalling sanitary conditions and the lack of food and heat, all seven mothers gave birth to healthy babies (4 girls, 3 boys) between February and April 1945, with the assistance of Jewish dottor Erno Vadasz (M / Hungary, 1890-1957). As late as 13 March 1945, the head SS camp physician issued an order for the mothers to be transferred from Dachau to Bergen-Belsen. Thankfully the order was not carried out. The last baby he delivered was born one day after demolition of the crematorium, on April 29, 1945. All seven mothers (and their babies) were liberated in Dachau by the American Army, in satisfactory condition, in May 1945.

(1) Pictured left to right are Eva Schwartz (Eva Fleischmannovà) with her daughter Maria; Dora Loewy (Dora Löwy) and her daughter Szuszi; Boeszi Legmann (Elisabeth Legmann) with her son Gyuri; Suri Hirsch (Sara Grün) with her son Yossi; Miriam Schwarcz Rosenthal (Miriam Rosenthal) with her son Laci (Leslie); Magda Fenyvesi (Magda Schwartz) with her daughter Judit, and Ibolya Kovacs (Ibolya Kovács) with her daughter Agnes. [@USHMM]

(2) Pictured from left to right are: Ibolya Kovacs with her daughter Agnes; Suri Hirsch with her son Yossi; Eva Schwartz with her daughter Maria; Magda Fenyvesi with her daughter Judit; and Boeszi Legmann with her son Gyuri. Not pictured are: Dora Loewy and her daughter Szuszi; and Miriam Schwarcz Rosenthal and her son Laci (Leslie). [@USHMM]

Their names (and the names of their mothers) are:

• Gyuri Legmann / George Legmann (M / Hungary, 1945) -- Elisabeth Legmann (Boeszi Legmann)

• Laici Rosenthal / Leslie Rosenthal (M / Hungary, 1945) -- Miriam Schwarcz Rosenthal (Miriam Rosenthal)

• Marika Novakova / Maria Novakova (F / Hungary, 1945) -- Eva Schwartz (Eva Fleischmann o Fleischmannovà)

• Jossi Grün (M / Hungary, 1945) -- Suri Hirsch (Sara Grün)

• Agnes Kovács (F / Hungary, 1945) -- Ibolya Kovacs (Ibolya Kovács)

• Judith Kálmán (F / Hungary, 1945) -- Magda Fenyvesi (Magda Schwartz)
• Hana Klein / Szuzi Löwy (F / Hungary, 1945) -- Dora Löwy (Dora Loewy)

Documentary (2010)

Six (of the seven) Jewish Babies Born in Dachau Reunite 65 Years Later

German television is to air a television documentary which explores the miracle of how these three infant boys and four infant girls slipped through the cracks of the Nazi killing machine.

U.S. soldiers who liberated a Nazi concentration camp in April 1945 were amazed to discover, among the countless famished and dead, seven Jewish mothers and their babies, who had somehow avoided execution or starvation.

This week, six of those former babies are to gather for an emotional reunion at Dachau on the outskirts of Munich.

German television is to air a television documentary which explores the miracle of how these three infant boys and four infant girls slipped through the cracks of the Nazi killing machine.

George, Jossi, Leslie, Marika, Agnes, Judit and Szuzi spent the first months of their lives in Kaufering I, a camp 50 kilometres west of Munich.

Marika Novakova, 65, never understood when she was growing up in the Slovakian small town of Dunajska Streda why her birth certificate said she had been born in Kaufering, a village in Bavaria. It did not make sense, but her mother refused to explain why.

A couple of documentary makers employed by German broadcaster WDR, Eva Gruberova and Martina Gawaz, asked the mother for an interview, but Eva Fleischmanova refused. Finally she re-considered. As the cameras filmed, she unveiled her past.

Fleischmanova describes the horrors of the war, how she was nearly gassed at Auschwitz and ended up in Kaufering. She tells of her daughter's birth in captivity, and how she kept her personal Holocaust story secret because of anti-Semitism in Slovakia.

Miriam Rosenthal, 87, can barely bring herself to speak in some sections of the documentary. Holding her son Leslie, she can be seen with Fleischmanova in the extraordinary, 65-year-old, black-and-white photo of the young mothers between bunks in a dormitory.

The two woman documentary makers began their research using that photo.

Miriam Rosenthal's description of the war years on camera is the first time she spoke German again after leaving Germany for Canada.

She and her husband, also a Holocaust survivor, built a new life for Leslie and themselves in Toronto.

The horrors of the past still loom over Miriam, who often breaks into tears as she speaks.

"As a girl, I imagined I had been born in a forest," says Marika Novakova. "All my mother would tell me was that people were treated very cruelly there. I did not know what sort of place it was at all."

The documentary makers take Marika on a journey to the way-stations of her mother's ordeal: to the fence at Auschwitz, to the German city of Augsburg where the women were used as slave labour in a arms factory, and to Kaufering I.

Dachau concentration camp had several satellite camps like Kaufering where slave labour was kept close to factories.

Marika's mother was twice inspected by Josef Mengele, the doctor of death at Auschwitz, as he selected those to be killed and those to be kept for labor. He pinched her breast to see if milk came out.

Eva Fleischmanova somehow managed to hold in her belly so that he did not notice she was pregnant.

Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS, was determined to exterminate all Jewish children. His policy was set out in the secret speech he gave at Poznan, Poland on October 6, 1943.

"I do not consider it justifiable to exterminate the men, meaning to kill them or get them to be killed, while allowing the revengers, in the form of children, to grow up and face our sons and grandsons," said Himmler.

The Nazis deliberately killed children: the toll of minors in the Holocaust is estimated at as much as 1.5 million.

Miriam Rosenthal also remembers the moment when she narrowly escaped being put to death.

"An SS man came round with a loudspeaker and he was shouting, 'All the women come outside. You've been given a double ration of bread.'"

Most of the women obeyed, but Rosenthal stayed indoors. A voice inside told her to stop. "All those women ended up in the crematorium," she said.

Rosenthal was shipped from Auschwitz to Kaufering at the age of 22.

The young mothers survived in Kaufering thanks to the solidarity of other women prisoners, who cared for the newborns when the mothers were summoned to work. Fellow prisoners hid the babies and gave them water and food.

The seven mothers and their babies scattered after the Second World War. It was Rosenthal who re-opened a connection by sending a copy of the black-and-white photo to her former fellow inmate Fleischmanova.

The daughter Marika saw the picture and resolved to fly to Canada to meet Rosenthal to hear the story of her first weeks of life.

"I would never have dreamed I would see little Marika again," Rosenthal said.

Six of the seven former concentration camp babies are to attend the reunion - their first - at Dachau this Thursday for the opening of a special exhibition on the fate of mothers in the Dachau camps. Germany's ARD television is to air the documentary Wednesday.

Süddeutsche Zeitung (2017)

Ihr Schicksal zählt zu den bewegendsten Geschichten aus dem Konzentrationslager Dachau. Im Winter 1944/45 kamen in Kaufering I, einem der schrecklichsten Außenlager des KZ Dachau, sieben jüdische Babys zur Welt. Alle überlebten und wurden am 29. April 1945 zusammen mit ihren Müttern, die aus Ungarn kamen und zuvor Auschwitz überlebt hatten,von Soldaten der 7. US-Armee im KZ Dachau befreit. Miriam Rosenthal, die zusammen mit ihrem Sohn Leslie und ihrem Mann Béla nach der Befreiung nach Kanada emigrierte, ist heute die Letzte der sieben Mütter, die noch am Leben ist, und von diesem Wunder inmitten des Terrors erzählen kann. Jetzt feierte sie in Toronto im Kreis ihrer großen Familie ihren 95. Geburtstag.

Es war natürlich kein Wunder: Die schwangeren Frauen, die im Sommer 1944 aus Ungarn in das Vernichtungslager Auschwitz-Birkenau deportiert wurden, konnten lange Zeit ihre Schwangerschaft vor der SS verbergen. Sie überlebten wegen der Solidarität anderer Häftlinge, die sie mit Essen versorgten und ihnen so weit wie möglich Schutz gewährten. Die Deutschen ermordeten eineinhalb Millionen jüdische Kinder. Die sieben Schwangeren wurden in Kaufering I zusammengefasst und sollten nach der Entbindung mit ihren Babys in das Sterbelager Bergen-Belsen gebracht werden. Den Überstellungsbefehl hatte der erste SS-Lagerarzt im KZ Dachau, Fritz Hintermayer, im März 1945 unterschrieben - das Todesurteil für Mütter und Kinder. Doch in den Wirren der letzten Kriegswochen kam es nicht mehr dazu.

Miriam Rosenthal, die sich bis vor kurzem in der jüdischen Gemeinde sozial engagierte, erzählte die Geschichte der Frauen den Filmautorinnen Eva Gruberová und Martina Gawaz. "Geboren im KZ" wurde auch in der Holocaust-Gedenkstätte Yad Vashem in Israel gezeigt und traf auf Begeisterung - denn die Kinder seien der lebende Beweis dafür, dass unser Volk dem Vernichtungswillen der Nationalsozialisten - wenn auch in quälender Erinnerung an sechs Millionen Tote - getrotzt habe, schrieb der Auschwitz-Überlebende Max Mannheimer, Vizepräsident des Internationalen Dachau-Komitees, im Nachwort zum gleichnamigen Buch. Die Kinder Leslie Rosenthal, George Legmann, Marika Nováková, Hana Klein, Judith Kálmán, Ágnes Kovács und Jossi Grün (alle 72) sind die jüngsten Überlebenden des KZ Dachau und heute Ehrenmitglieder des Dachau-Komitees.

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