Difference between revisions of "Category:Antiochus IV Epiphanes (subject)"

From 4 Enoch: : The Online Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism, and Christian and Islamic Origins
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Replaced content with "*DICTIONARY: see Antiochus IV Epiphanes *ANCIENT SOURCES: see Antiochus IV Epiphanes (sources) This category includes (in chronological order) scholarly and fiction...")
Line 1: Line 1:
'''Antiochus IV Epiphanes''' was a Seleucid king who ruled from 175 BCE until his death in 164 BCE, at the time of the Maccabean revolt.
*DICTIONARY: see [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]]
*ANCIENT SOURCES: see [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes (sources)]]


==Overview==
Antiochus IV was the son of [[Antiochus III the Great]] and Laodice III, and the younger brother of [[Seleucus IV Philopator]]. He was married with Laodice IV; among his children are [[Antiochus V Eupator]] (who succeeded his father in 164 BCE), and Laodice VI. [[Alexander Balas]] claimed to be his son.


With the Peace of Apamea in 188 BCE, following the defeat of Magnesia, the young Antiochus IV was sent as hostage to Rome. The year after Antiochus' older brother [[Seleucus IV Philopator]] succeeded [[Antiochus III the Great]], who had died in a skirmish at the temple of Baal at Susa. In 178 BCE Antiochus IV was replaced as hostage by his nephew (and Seleucus IV's son) [[Demetrius I Soter]], and could go back to Antioch.  
This category includes (in chronological order) scholarly and fictional works dealing with the character of the Seleucid King [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]].  


When in 175 BCE [[Seleucus IV Philopator]] was killed in a conspiracy by his official [[Heliodorus]], Antiochus IV avenged his brother but claimed the throne for himself, leaving [[Demetrius I Soter]] hostage at Rome.


In the years 170-168 Antiochus IV successfully repelled an attack by the Ptolomies but Roman pressure forced him to retire from [[Alexandria]] of Egypt.
[[Category:Categories]]
 
In 164 BCE Antiochus died in a failed attack on Susa and was succeeded by his child son [[Antiochus V Eupator]] with [[Lysia]] as regent.
 
====Antiochus IV and the Jews====
One of the first acts of government of Antiochus IV was the appointment of [[Jason]] as the new High Priest at Jerusalem, in place of his brother [[Onias III]]. [[Jason]] promised to give the king some money from the treasure of the Temple, which Antiochus IV desperately needed. A few years later in 171 BCE, [[Jason]] also fell victim of the same scheme. He was deposed and replaced by another High Priest [[Menelaus]], who was not from the House of Zadok, but promised Antiochus IV an even greater amount of money.
 
The contemporaneous presence of three persons claiming the high priesthood created an explosive situation in Jerusalem and an endless series of conflicts that culminated with the exile and death of [[Jason]] and the assassination of [[Onias III]] by [[Menelaus]] in 170 BCE. 
 
A major rebellion happened in Judea in the years 167-164 BCE. Antiochus IV intended to secure the border with Egypt and purge Jerusalem from any Ptolemaic influence. His attempt to strengthen the philo-Seleucid party of [[Menelaus]] against the philo-Ptolemaic party of [[Onias IV]] by abolishing the Zadokite laws resulted in a dramatic showdown with the nationalistic movement of the [[Maccabees]], who emerged as the true winners of the conflict. [[Onias IV]] fled to Egypt; [[Menelaus]] had to compromise at Jerusalem with the rebels' leader [[Judas Maccabeus]] and allow the rededication of the Temple in 164 BCE.
 
'''Gabriele Boccaccini''', University of Michigan
 
==Antiochus IV in ancient sources==
 
====Book of Daniel====
Book of Daniel (7:8,20,24,25; 8:9-12,23-25; 9:26-27; 11:21-39 are generally identified with Antiochus Epiphanes)
 
====1 Maccabees====
 
1 Macc 1-6
 
====2 Maccabees====
 
2 Macc 3-10
 
====Josephus, Jewish War====
 
Bel I 31-40
 
====Josephus, Jewish Antiquities====
 
Ant XII 234ff
Ant XV 41
 
====See also:====
 
*Appian of Alexandria, Syrian Wars, 39, 45, 66
 
*Cassius Dio, Roman History, 20
 
*Diodorus of Sicily, Library of World History, 29.32, 30.2, 30.14-18, 31.1-2, 31.16-18, 34/35.1
 
*Livy, History of Rome, 41.24-25, 42.6, 45.11-13
 
*Polybius of Megalopolis, World History, 3.3, 26, 27.19, 28.1, 28.17-23, 29.2, 29.23-27, 30.25-27
 
==Antiochus IV in Scholarship==
 
==Antiochus IV in Fiction==
 
==Related categories==
*[[Seleucid Kings|Seleucid Kings (subject)]]
*[[High Priest]] / [[Zadokites]] / [[Jason]] / [[Menelaus]] / [[Maccabees]] / Judas Maccabeus]]
 
==External links==
*[http://www.livius.org/am-ao/antiochus/antiochus_iii.html Wikipedia]
*[http://www.livius.org/am-ao/antiochus/antiochus_iv_epiphanes.html Livius]
 
==Select Bibliography (articles)==
*''' Antiochus IV Epiphanes''' / [[John Whitehorne]] / In: [[The Anchor Bible Dictionary (1992 Freedman), dictionary]], 1:270-271
 
*'''Antiochus IV Epiphanes''' / [[Robert Doran]] / In: [[The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow), dictionary]], 338-339
 
 
[[Category:Subjects]]
[[Category:People]]

Revision as of 05:52, 18 October 2011


This category includes (in chronological order) scholarly and fictional works dealing with the character of the Seleucid King Antiochus IV Epiphanes.

Retrieved from "https://4enoch.org/wiki5/index.php?title=Category:Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes_(subject)&oldid=77719"