Martin Hengel (1926-2009), scholar

Martin Hengel (1926-2009) was a German scholar.

Obituary (2 July 2009)

Martin Hengel, who passed away on July 2, 2009, was one of the great scholars of ancient Judaism in the twentieth century. He was born in 1926 in Reutlingen, and studied in Tübingen and Heidelberg. His Doktorvater in Tübingen was Otto Michel. He finished his dissertation on the Zealots in 1959, but he was occupied with his family’s textile business until 1964. In 1967, however, he completed his Habilitation thesis on Judaism and Hellenism, that won instant recognition as a classic in the field. He served as professor of New Testament in Erlangen from 1968 to 1972, when he was called to succeed his Doktorvater in Tübingen. He remained there for the rest of his career, as professor of New Testament and early Judaism, and director of the Institut für antikes Judentum und hellenistische Religionsgeschichte.

Hengel’s master work on the influence of Hellenism in the land of Israel transformed the field. Henceforth Hellenistic Judaism referred to a period, not only to Diaspora Judaism. The main lines of this thesis stand, even if the extent of Hellenistic culture in Judea was somewhat exaggerated, and some specific theses, such as his reconstruction of the Hasidim, have not stood the test of time. He later extended his survey of Hellenistic influence, in much less detail, through the first century of the Common Era. But while his initial work demonstrated the Hellenistic character of Judaism in this period, the main thrust of his life’s work was to demonstrate the primary importance of Judaism as the context in which early Christianity developed. In this respect, his work was meant to counterbalance that of Rudolf Bultmann, who had privileged the role of syncretistic and Gnostic materials in early Christianity. Hengel did not neglect the Hellenistic elements, but his primary influence was on the Jewish context.

Hengel’s mastery of ancient texts, Jewish as well as Hellenistic, was unrivalled. He was prodigiously productive. At the time of his death he was working on the eighth volume of his Kleine Schriften, and had published, with Anna-Marie Schwemer, the first volume of a comprehensive history of early Christianity. He served as editor of several major scholarly series (WUNT, TSAJ, AGJU). His presence made Tübingen a center of international scholarship, to which scholars of every nation went on pilgrimage. He received no fewer than six honorary doctorates, and was a member of several prestigious academies.

Martin Hengel was a giant, who towered over the world of ancient Judaism and early Christianity by the force of his personality, erudition, and productivity. We will not see his like again.

John J. Collins

Biography

Professor of New Testament and Ancient Judaism at the University of Tübingen, Germany.

Works on Second Temple Judaism

Books

• Die Zeloten (1961 Hengel), book
  • Zerotai (1986 Hengel), book (Japanese ed.)
  • The Zealots (1989 Hengel), book (English ed.)

• Judentum und Hellenismus (Judaism and Hellenism / 1969 Hengel), book
  • Judaism and Hellenism = Judentum und Hellenismus (1974 Hengel / Bowden), book (English ed.)
  • ユダヤ教とヘレニズム = Judentum und Hellenismus (Judaism and Hellenism / 1983 Hengel / Nagakubo), book (Japanese ed.)
  • Giudaismo ed ellenismo = Judentum und Hellenismus (Judaism and Hellenism / 2001 Hengel / Monaco), book (Italian ed.)

• War Jesus Revolutionär? (1970 Hengel), book
  • Was Jesus a Revolutionist? (1971 Hengel), book (English ed.)

• Eigentum und Reichtum in der frühen Kirche (1973 Hengel), book
  • Property and Riches in the Early Church (1974 Hengel / Bowden), book (English ed.)

• Der Sohn Gottes (1975 Hengel), book
  • The Son of God (1976 Hengel), book (English ed.)
  • Il figlio di Dio (1984 Hengel / Cessi, Soffritti), book (Italian ed.)

• Juden, Griechen und Barbaren (1976 Hengel), book
  • Jews, Greeks and Barbarians (1980 Hengel / Bowden), book (English ed.)
  • Ebrei, Greci e Barbari (1981 Hengel / Forza), book (Italian ed.)
  • Yudayajin girishiajin barubaroi (1984 Hengel), book (Japanese ed.)

• Between Jesus and Paul (1983 Hengel), book

• The Hellenization of Judaea in the First Century after Christ (1989 Hengel), book
  • L'ellenizzazione della Giudea del I secolo d.C. (1993 Hengel / Firpo), book (Italian ed.)

• Der vorchristliche Paulus (The Pre-Christian Paul / 1991 Hengel, Deines), essay
  • The Pre-Christian Paul = Der vorchristliche Paulus (1991 Hengel, Deines / Bowden), book (English ed.)
  • Il Paolo precristiano = Der vorchristliche Paulus (The Pre-Christian Paul / 1992 Hengel, Deines / Pontoglio), book (Italian ed.)
  • サウロ : キリスト教回心以前のパウロ = Der vorchristliche Paulus (The Pre-Christian Paul / 2011 Hengel / Umemoto), book (Japanese ed.)

• Judaica et Hellenistica (1996 Hengel), book

• The Septuagint as Christian Scripture (2002 Hengel), book

• Der unterschätzte Petrus: zwei Studien (2006 Hengel), book
  • Saint Peter: The Underestimated Apostle (2010 Hengel / Trapp), book (English ed.)

Edited volumes

• Josephus-Studien: Untersuchungen zu Josephus, dem antiken Judentum und dem Neuen Testament (1974 Betz, Haacker, Hengel), edited volume

External Links

• Wikipedia / Wikipedia.de

Select Bibliography (articles)

• Hangel, Martin / Jörg Frey / In: The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow), edited volume, 726