Difference between revisions of "High Priests"

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*ANCIENT SOURCES: see [[High Priests (sources)]]
#REDIRECT [[:Category:High Priest (subject)]]
*LIST OF SCHOLARLY AND FICTIONAL WORKS: see [[:Category:High Priest (subject)]]
 
 
The '''High Priests''' were the supreme religious authority of the Second Temple.
 
==Overview==
 
==List of High Priests, and years in office==
 
====Persian Period====
 
*1. [[Joshua ben Jehozadak]], ca. 515-490 BCE
 
*2. [[Joiakim ben Joshua]], ca. 490-470 BCE
   
*3. [[Eliashib ben Joiakim]], ca. 470-433 BCE
   
*4. [[Joiada ben Eliashib]], ca. 433-410 BCE
 
*5. [[Johanan ben Joiada]], ca. 410-371 BCE
   
*6. [[Jaddua ben Johanan]], ca. 371-320 BCE
 
====Greek Period====
 
*7. [[Onias I]], son of Jaddua, ca. 320-280 BCE
 
*8. [[Simon I]], son of Onias, ca. 280-260 BCE
 
*9. [[Eleazar ben Onias]], ca. 260-245 BCE
 
*10. [[Manasseh ben Jaddua]], ca. 245-240 BCE
 
*11. [[Onias II]], son of Simon, ca. 240-218 BCE
 
*12. [[Simon II]], son of Onias, 218-185 BCE
 
*13. [[Onias III]], son of Simon, 185-175 BCE, murdered 170 BCE
 
*14. [[Jason]], son of Simon, 175-172 BCE
 
*15. [[Menelaus]], 172-162 BCE
 
*16. [[Alcimus]], 162-159 BCE
 
<Inter-Sacerdotium>, 159-153
 
====Hasmonean Period====
 
*17. [[Jonathan Maccabeus]], son of [[Mattathias]], and brother of [[Judas Maccabeus]], 153-143 BCE
 
*18. [[Simon Maccabeus]], son of [[Mattathias]], and  brother of [[Jonathan Maccabeus]], 142-134 BCE
 
*19. [[John Hyrcanus]], son of [[Simon Maccabeus]], 134-104 BCE
   
*20. [[Aristobulus]], son of [[John Hyrcanus]], 104-103 BCE
 
*21. [[Alexander Jannaeus]], son of [[John Hyrcanus]], and brother of [[Aristobulus]], 103-76 BCE
 
*22. [[John Hyrcanus II]], son of [[Alexander Jannaeus]], 76-67 (as High Priest), 66 (as High Priest and King), and 63-40 (as High Priest)
 
*23. [[Aristobulus II]], son of [[Alexander Jannaeus]] and [[Salome Alexandra]], brother of [[John Hyrcanus II]], 66-63 BCE (as High Priest and King)
 
====Roman Period====
 
*[22 bis] [[John Hyrcanus II]], 63-40
**Was the son of [[Alexander Jannaeus]], and the brother of [[Aristobulus II]]
**Was restored by the Romans as High Priest
 
*24. [[Antigonus]], 40-37
**Was the younger son of [[Aristobulus II]], and the nephew of [[John Hyrcanus II]]
**Was supported by the [[Parthians]] as High Priest and King
 
''Appointed by [[Herod the Great]]:''
*25. [[Ananel]] (Ananelus), 37-35 BCE
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]
**Came from the Diaspora community in Babylon.
 
*26. [[Aristobulus III]], 35 BCE
**Was a member of the Hasmonean dynasty, the son of [[Alexander of Judaea]] and [[Alexandra the Hasmonean]], and the brother of Herod's wife [[Mariamne]]
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]), who had him murdered.
 
*[25 bis] [[Ananel]] (Ananelus) restored) 35-30? BCE
**Was restored by [[Herod the Great]] after the assassination of [[Aristobulus III]]
 
*27. [[Joshua ben Phiabi]], 30?-23? BCE
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]
 
*28. [[Simon ben Boethus]], 23? to 5 BCE
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]
 
*29. [[Matthias ben Theophilus]], 5-4 BCE
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]
 
*30. [[Joazar ben Boethus]] 4 BCE
**Served under [[Herod the Great]]
 
''Appointed by [[Herod Archelaus]]:''
 
*31. [[Eleazar ben Boethus]], 4-3 BCE
**Served under [[Herod Archelaus]]
 
*32. [[Joshua ben Sie]] 3 BCE - ?
**Served under [[Herod Archelaus]]
 
*[30 bis] [[Joazar ben Boethus]] restored, ? - 6 CE
**Served under [[Herod Archelaus]]
 
''Appointed by [[Quirinius]]:''
 
*33. [[Annas]] ([[Ananus ben Seth]]), 6-15
**Served under all Roman Governors appointed by [[Augustus]], namely, [[Coponius]], [[Ambivulus]], and [[Rufus]]
 
''Appointed by [[Valerius Gratus]]:''
 
*34. [[Ishmael ben Phiabi]] (Ishmael ben Fabus), 15-16
**Served under Roman Governor [[Gratus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]]
 
*35. [[Eleazar ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 16-17
**Served under Roman Governor [[Gratus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]]
 
*36. [[Simon ben Camith]] 17-18
**Served under Roman Governor [[Gratus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]]
 
*37. [[Caiaphas]] (Joseph Caiaphas), 18-36
**Was the son-in-law of [[Annas]]
**Served under Roman Governors, [[Gratus]] and [[Pontius Pilate]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]]
 
''Appointed by [[Vitellius]]:''
*38. [[Jonathan ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 36-37
**Served under Roman Governor, [[Marcellus]], and Emperor [[Tiberius]]
 
*39. [[Theophilus ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 37-41
**Served under Roman Governor [[Marullus]], and Emperor [[Caligula]]
 
''Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa]]:''
 
*40. [[Simon Cantheras ben Boethus]], 41-42
**Served under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]]
 
*41. [[Matthias ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 43
**Served under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]]
 
*42. [[Elionaeus ben Cantheras]] 43-44
**Served under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]]
 
*[38 bis] [[Jonathan ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 44
**Was restored under King [[Herod Agrippa]], and Emperor [[Claudius]]
 
''Appointed by [[Herod of Chalcis]]:''
 
*43. [[Joseph ben Camei]] (Josephus ben Camydus), 44-46
**Served under Roman Governor [[Fadus]], and Emperor [[Claudius]]
 
*44. [[Ananias ben Nebedaeus]], 46-52
**Served under Roman Governors [[Tiberius Alexander]] and [[Cumanus]], and Emperor [[Claudius]]
 
*[38 ter] [[Jonathan ben Ananus]], 52-56
**Was restored under Roman Governor [[Felix]], and Emperors [[Claudius]] and [[Nero]])
 
''Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]]:''
*45. [[Ishmael ben Phiabi II]] (Ishmael ben Fabus II), 56-62
**Served under Roman Governor [[Festus]], and Emperor [[Nero]])
 
*46 [[Joseph ben Simon]] (Joseph Cabi ben Simon) 62-63
**Served under Roman Governor [[Albinus]], and Emperor [[Nero]]
 
*47. [[Ananus ben Ananus]], son of [[Annas]], 63
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], was removed from office by Roman Governor [[Albinus]]
 
*48. [[Joshua ben Damnaeus]] 63
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], served under Roman Governor [[Albinus]]
 
*49. [[Joshua ben Gamaliel]] 63-64
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], served under Roman Governor [[Albinus]]
**According to the Mishnah, his wife Martha belonged to the House of [[Boethus]]
 
*50. [[Matthias ben Theophilus]], 65-68?
**Appointed by [[Herod Agrippa II]], served under Roman Governor [[Florus]], and Emperor [[Nero]], and in the first two years of the Jewish War
**Might be the son of [[Theophilus ben Ananus]] and then the grandson of [[:Category:Annas (subject)|Annas]]
 
''Appointed by the Zealots:''
 
*51. [[Phannias ben Samuel]], 68?-70?
**Was chosen by lot by the rebels during the [[Jewish War]]
 
==The High Priest in ancient sources==
 
==The High Priest in Scholarship==
 
==The High Priest in Fiction==
 
==Related categories==
*[[Zadokites]] / [[:Category:Hasmoneans (subject)|Hasmoneans (subject)]]
 
==External links==
 
*[[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Priests_of_Israel Wikipedia]
 
==Select Bibliography (articles)==
 
*'''High Priests''' / [[James C. vanderKam]] / In: [[The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow), edited volume]], 739-741




Revision as of 10:01, 17 March 2012

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