Difference between revisions of "Category:Antiochus III the Great (subject)"

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Antiochus III the Great was King of Syria, from 222 BCE to 187 BCE.

Overview

Antiochus III the Great was the younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus and Laodice II. In 222 BCE he succeeded his assassinated brother Seleucus III Keraunos and became the sixth ruler of the Seleucid Empire. The same year Antiochus III married Laodice III, daughter of Mithradates II of Pontus. Among their children were Seleucus IV Philopater (who would succeed his father in 187 BCE), Cleopatra I Syra (who would be married to Ptolemy V Epiphanes), and Antiochus IV Epiphanes (who also would become king in 175 BCE by succeeding his brother]].

By a show of force and skillful diplomacy, Antiochus III gave unity and strength to a disorganized state. His first attempt to impose his hegemony over the Ptolomies resulted in failure, when Ptolemy IV Philopator defeated him in the battle of Raphia in 217 BCE. Antiochus III did not lose heart. A series of successful campaigns in the east restored his confidence and reputation among subjects and neighbors.

The right opportunity came in 204 BCE when Ptolemy IV Philopator died and his child successor Ptolemy V Epiphanes could not face the challenge. Antiochus III invaded southern Syria and defeated the Ptolemaic army in the battle of Paneion around 200 BCE.

The Roman intervention in the region limited the military expansion of the Seleucid empire. Antiochus III was forced to renounce to his plan to occupy Egypt (which was vital for Rome's food supply). The peace treaty in 195 BCE formalized the Seleucid control of Syria and Palestine and was sealed with the marriage between Ptolemy V Epiphanes and Antiochus III's daughter Cleopatra I Syra.

Antiochus III miscalculated the rising power of Rome, when he challenged their presence in Greece and gave refuge to Hannibal of Carthage. The Roman army intervened and defeated the Seleucid army in the battle of Magnesia in 189 BCE, forcing Antiochus to abandon western Asia Minor.

With the Peace of Apamea, the defeated Antiochus III had to agree and pay an annual tribute to the Romans and send his youngest son Antiochus IV Epiphanes to Rome as hostage. Now desperately in need of money, Antiochus III died in 187 BCE while attacking a temple in Susa in an attempt to replenish the depleted royal treasure.

Antiochus III was succeeded by his son Seleucus IV Philopator, while his younger son Antiochus IV Epiphanes remained in Rome as hostage.

Antiochus III and the Jews

The Battle of Panium in 198 BCE marks the end of the Ptolemaic rule in Judea. Antiochus III generously rewarded the Jerusalem priesthood, which had supported his cause. He not only let all Jews live according to their laws, but also granted a series of provisions and tax exemptions in favor of the Temple. The king treated the high Priest Simon II not so much as a religious leader, but as a sort of secular prince, having the authority to collect not only the tithes for the temple but also the tributes and taxes owned to the king and to retain part of them.

Antiochus III in Second Temple sources

Josephus, Jewish Antiquities

Ant XII 129-154, 223, 414

Antiochus III in Scholarship

Antiochus III in Fiction

Related categories

Seleucid Kings (subject)

External links

This category currently contains no pages or media.

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 ==Overview==
-Antiochus III the Great was the son of Seleucus II Callinicus and Laodice II. In 222 BCE he succeeded Selecucu III Keraunos and became the sixth ruler of the [[Seleucid Kings|Seleucid Empire]]. The same year Antiochus III married Laodice III, daughter of Mithradates  II of Pontus. Among their children were [[Seleucus IV Philopater]] (who would succeed his father in 187 BCE), [[Cleopatra I Syra]] (who would be married to [[Ptolemy V Epiphanes]]), and [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] (who also would become king in 175 BCE by succeeding his brother]].
+Antiochus III the Great was the younger son of Seleucus II Callinicus and Laodice II. In 222 BCE he succeeded his assassinated brother Seleucus III Keraunos and became the sixth ruler of the [[Seleucid Kings|Seleucid Empire]]. The same year Antiochus III married Laodice III, daughter of Mithradates  II of Pontus. Among their children were [[Seleucus IV Philopater]] (who would succeed his father in 187 BCE), [[Cleopatra I Syra]] (who would be married to [[Ptolemy V Epiphanes]]), and [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] (who also would become king in 175 BCE by succeeding his brother]].
-Antiochus III gave unity and strength to a disorganized state. His first attempt to impose his hegemony over the Ptolomies resulted in failure, when [[Ptolemy IV Philopator]] defeated him in the battle of Raphia in 217 BCE. Antiochus III did not lose heart. He sized the opportunity when in 204 BCE [[Ptolemy IV Philopator]] died and his child successor [[Ptolemy V Epiphanes]] was not able to face the challenge. Antiochus III invaded southern Syria and defeated the Ptolemaic army in the battle of Paneion in 198 BCE.
+By a show of force and skillful diplomacy, Antiochus III gave unity and strength to a disorganized state. His first attempt to impose his hegemony over the Ptolomies resulted in failure, when [[Ptolemy IV Philopator]] defeated him in the battle of Raphia in 217 BCE. Antiochus III did not lose heart. A series of successful campaigns in the east restored his confidence and reputation among subjects and neighbors.
-The Roman intervention in the region limited the military expansion of the Seleucid empire. First, Antiochus III was forced to renounce to his plan to invade Egypt (which was vital for Rome's food supply), then the Roman army intervened and defeated the Seleucid army in the battle of Magnesia in 189 BCE.
+The right opportunity came in 204 BCE when [[Ptolemy IV Philopator]] died and his child successor [[Ptolemy V Epiphanes]] could not face the challenge. Antiochus III invaded southern Syria and defeated the Ptolemaic army in the battle of Paneion around 200 BCE.
-With the Peace of Apamea, Antiochus III had to agree and pay an annual tribute to the Romans and send his youngest son [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] to Rome as hostage. Now desperately in need of money, Antiochus III died in 187 BCE while attacking a temple in Susa.
+The Roman intervention in the region limited the military expansion of the Seleucid empire. Antiochus III was forced to renounce to his plan to occupy Egypt (which was vital for Rome's food supply). The peace treaty in 195 BCE formalized the Seleucid control of Syria and Palestine and was sealed with the marriage between [[Ptolemy V Epiphanes]] and Antiochus III's daughter [[Cleopatra I Syra]].
-He was succeeded by his son [[Seleucus IV Philopator]], while his younger son [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] remained in Rome as hostage.
+Antiochus III miscalculated the rising power of Rome, when he challenged their presence in Greece and gave refuge to Hannibal of Carthage. The Roman army intervened and defeated the Seleucid army in the battle of Magnesia in 189 BCE, forcing Antiochus to abandon western Asia Minor.
+With the Peace of Apamea, the defeated Antiochus III had to agree and pay an annual tribute to the Romans and send his youngest son [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] to Rome as hostage. Now desperately in need of money, Antiochus III died in 187 BCE while attacking a temple in Susa in an attempt to replenish the depleted royal treasure.
+Antiochus III was succeeded by his son [[Seleucus IV Philopator]], while his younger son [[Antiochus IV Epiphanes]] remained in Rome as hostage.
 ====Antiochus III and the Jews====