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{it} Eucardio Momigliano. Storia tragica e grottesca del razzismo fascista. Milano [Italy]: Mondadori, 1946.

Abstract

"Momigliano’s Storia represents the first attempt at a glo­bal analysis of Fascist anti-Semitic policies written by an Italian Jewish intellectual. The book, however, unwittingly echoes and amplifies the founding elements of a vulga­ta depicting Italian society as «virtually free of the anti-Jewish hatred that existed widely on the rest of the continent», underscoring at the same time the «external» ori­gin of Fascist anti-Semitism as well as the difference of attitudes existing between an innocent Italian people and demonized Germany.30 In line with a simplistic though widely accepted interpretation, Momigliano refers to the anti-Semitic policy as a campaign "imposta dalla Germania e applicata soltanto per una specie di conformismo o mimetismo che sta a dimostrare quanto in basso fosse giunto, nel periodo fascista, il nostro Paese, tanto in basso da poter rinnegare una sua tradizione e da poter venir meno a vincoli di sangue e di amicizia per cui gli ebrei si erano venuti confondendo con gli Italiani e in alcuni campi ne costituivano la miglior parte" ... Besides absolving the Italian society from the responsibility of having autonomously initiated the discriminatory practices, Momigliano radically refutes the suspect of an active involvement of the population in the racial propaganda. Rather, the formula that encapsulates the response opposed by ordinary Italians to Mussolini’s racial turn is that of a widespread «conspiracy of disobedience»: "In questa congiura di disobbedienza che insieme era opera di squisita umanità, il popolo italiano rivendicava la sua nobiltà e mostrava l’abisso che lo separava da quel partito che pretendeva di rappresentarlo. L’Italia dimostrava così anche in questo di non aver nulla di comune coi tedeschi. La mala pianta dell’antisemitismo, cresciuta e coltivata in terra tedesca, non doveva né poteva venir trapiantata fra noi" ... It might be possible to point out, however, that for Italian Jews the endorsement of this rather «consolatory reading» represented the only way to avoid a far more shattering realization:33 namely the idea that, even after seventy years of supposed «ties of friend­ship and blood», the «malapianta» of anti-Semitic hatred was actually able to infiltrate even a country generally detached from widespread anti-Jewish ideologies such as Italy."--Tommaso Pepe.

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