Difference between revisions of "Category:05Feb45 Train (subject)"

05Feb45 Train (see Holocaust Children Studies)

• See list of passengers on USHMM

Overview

Jean-Marie Musy, a former member of the Swiss parliament and ardent anti-Bolshevik, wrote his friend, Heinrich Himmler, in November 1944, that the Union of Orthodox Rabbis in the United States and Canada, in association with Agudat Israel, had made 20 million Swiss francs available to secure the release of Jews from Theresienstadt. Through Musy, these two Jewish organizations paid Himmler five million francs to release 1200 German, Austrian, Czech, and Dutch Jewish prisoners from the camp. Musy's motives remain unclear, but they probably had more to do with the promotion of anti-Bolshevik friends in Germany than with humanitarian concern

In 1945, hoping to use the surviving prisoners at Theresienstadt as a bargaining chip for opening negotiations with the western powers, SS chief Heinrich Himmler, Security Police Chief Ernst Kaltenbrunner, and other SS leaders agreed, as a token of good faith, to the release of 1,200 Theresienstadt prisoners in exchange for five million Swiss francs put up by Jewish organizations in an escrowed account in Switzerland. The 1,200 Jews (523 German Jews, 433 Dutch Jews, 153 Austrian Jews, and 91 Protectorate Jews) reached Switzerland on February 5, 1945.

The prisoner release from Theresienstadt began on February 4, 1945. The majority of the released prisoners were elderly men and women between the ages of 60 and 80, some of whom had been in Theresienstadt for as long as three years. There were, however, 58 children under the age of 12 who were also included in the evacuation transport. The released Jewish prisoners arrived in St. Fiden, Switzerland in two special trains on February 7, 1945. (Another train carrying 540 French Jews from Theresienstadt arrived two weeks later). From St. Fiden 200 of the evacuees were sent to Buehler, and 1000 to nearby St. Gallen to recuperate for several days before being sent on in smaller groups to other parts of the country. In St. Gallen the large Hadwigschulhaus [school], which was requisitioned by the municipality, served as a refugee center from February through May 1945. The center was administered by the Swiss Red Cross with the help of local army reservists and the gendarmerie. Together they offered the refugees food, clothing, shelter and basic medical care.

The St. Gallen series of photographs was taken by Walter Scheiwiller, who trained as an apprentice at the Photohaus Zumbuehl in St. Gallen from 1939-1942. Upon completion of his apprenticeship, he worked in the town as a reporter for Fotopress-Zuerich. On February 11, 1945 he was directed by the Fotopress to record the arrival of the Theresienstadt transport and the subsequent care of the rescued Jews by the citizens of St. Gallen.

The Children (List of Refugees arrived in St. Gallen in February 1945 from Theresienstadt)

Among the 1200 passengers were around 120 children.

AA

• Peter Allina (M / Austria, 1937), Holocaust survivor - Vienna, 10 May 1937

• Beate Fiederike Artmann (F / Germany?, 1929), Holocaust survivor - 26 Aug 1938
• Ferdinand Artmann (M / Germany, 1929), Holocaust survivor - 5 Dec 1929

• [[Laslo Antberger (M / ???, 1928) 9 Jun 1928 - Bereksac?

BB

• Erna Bagainski (F / Germany, 1934), Holocaust survivor -- 20 Aug 1934
• Joachim Bagainski (M / Germany, 1937), Holocaust survivor -- 7 Jan 1937

• Rita Bosman (F / Netherlands, 1927) 3 Jul 1927

• Johanna Brod (F / Germany, 1939) 26 Sep 1939

• Ruth Vera Broessler (F / Czechia, 1929), Holocaust survivor 19 May 1929
• Heinrich Broessler (M / Czechia, 1934), Holocaust survivor 16 Mar 1934

CC

• Suse Cats (F / ?, 1927), Holocaust survivor 27 Jun 1927

• Grete Cohen (F / ?, 1926), Holocaust survivor 6 Jun 1926

• Horst Cohn (M / ?, 1931), Holocaust survivor 21 May 1931

DD

• ? Harry Daniller (M / Latvia, 1928-2010) - 3 Nov 1928 - Riga

• ? [[Desco Davodewitz (M / ???, 1928) - 15 Jun 1928 - Felsöviso

• Saul Denekamp (M / Netherlands, 1939), Holocaust survivor]] - 15 Feb 1939
• Jaap Denekamp (M / Netherlands, 1940), Holocaust survivor]] - 9 Apr 1940

• Alide Dormits (F / Netherlands, 1927), Holocaust survivor - 8 May 1927
• Heintje Dormits (M / Netherlands, 1929), Holocaust survivor]] - 29 Jul 1929

• Alfred Drielsma (M / Netherlands, 1938), Holocaust survivor]] - 27 Apr 1938 (The Hague) - d. 18 Feb 2015
• Lisette Drielsma (F / Netherlands, 1942), Holocaust survivor]] - 24 Apr 1942

EE

• Anna Liesl Erb (F / ?, 1933), Holocaust survivor]] - 17 Jun 1933

FF

• Joel Abal Feiner (M / Germany, 1939), Holocaust survivor - 23 Apr 1939

• ? Peter Fiala (M / Czechia, 1930), Holocaust survivor - 4 May 1930

• Anton Fontijn (M / Netherlands, 1928), Holocaust survivor]] - 5 Apr 1928
• Simone Fontijn (F / Netherlands, 1930), Holocaust survivor]] - 5 Dec 1930
• Herbert Fontijn (M / Netherlands, 1932), Holocaust survivor]] - 23 Mar 1932

• Lodewik Frankenberg (M / Netherlands, 1936), Holocaust survivor]] - 8 Oct 1936 Lodeijk

• Nora Frenkel (F / Netherlands, 1927), Holocaust survivor]] - 2 Dec 1927
• Debora Frenkel (F / Netherlands, 1929), Holocaust survivor]] - 21 May 1929
• Simon Frenkel (M / Netherlands, 1932), Holocaust survivor]] - 8 May 1932
• Louis Frenkel (M / Netherlands, 1934), Holocaust survivor]] - 2 May 1934

• Carolina Frenkel (F / ?, 1928), Holocaust survivor]] - 9 Oct 1928
• Hans Frenkel (M / ?, 1937), Holocaust survivor]] - 6 Sep 1937
• Herman Frenkel (M / ?, 1927), Holocaust survivor]] - 2 May 1927
• Louise Frenkel (F / ?, 1934), Holocaust survivor]] - 5 May 1934
• Maria Frenkel (F / ?, 1930), Holocaust survivor]] - 5 May 1930
• Robert Frenkel (M / ?, 1937), Holocaust survivor]] - 14 Oct 1937
• Rosmarie Frenkel (F / ?, 1932), Holocaust survivor]] - 7 May 1932

GG

• Robert Goldsteen (M / Netherlands, 1937), Holocaust survivor - 3 Nov 1937

• Theodora Groen (M / Netherlands, 1944), Holocaust survivor - 1 Jan 1944

• ? Jenö Gruenbaum (M / ???, 1928), Holocaust survivor - 26 May 1928 - Jaszalsoszent györgy

HH

• ? Mendel Habermann (M / ???, 1927), Holocaust survivor - 15 Aug 1927 - Munkascz

• Jenna Hedeman (F / Netherlands, 1937), Holocaust survivor - 11 Jan 1937
• Judith Hedeman (F / Netherlands, 1931), Holocaust survivor - 20 Aug 1931
• Maud Hedeman (F / Netherlands, 1934), Holocaust survivor - 3 Sep 1934

• Elly Heimans (F / ?, 1926), Holocaust survivor - 31 May 1926

• Elly Herrmann (F / Czechia, 1931), Holocaust survivor - 27 Jun 1931
• Eva Herrmann (F / Czechia, 1937), Holocaust survivor - 10 Dec 1937

• Anita Hijman (F / ?, 1937), Holocaust survivor - 6 Mar 1937
• Salomon Hijman (M / ?, 1934), Holocaust survivor - 30 Jan 1934

• Paul Hoffmann (M / Czechia, 1939), Holocaust survivor - 20 Mar 1939

• Hans Holzer (M / ?, 1941), Holocaust survivor - 7 Jan 1941

II

• Albertine Israele (F / Netherlands, 1927), Holocaust survivor - 17 Dec 1927

JJ

• Michael Jacobsohn (M / Netherlands, 1937), Holocaust survivor - 19 May 1937

• Alfred Josephus-Jitta (M / Netherlands, 1929-1966), Holocaust survivor - 26 Jul 1929
• Karolina Josephus-Jitta (F / Netherlands, 1931), Holocaust survivor - 24 Oct 1931

KK

• Hanna Kantor (F / Czechia, 1937), Holocaust survivor - 26 Mar 1937

• Robert Karewczewitz (M / ?, 1935), Holocaust survivor - 6 Oct 1935 1937

• Isaak Katzenstein (M / ?, 1940), Holocaust survivor - 9 sep 1940

• Berta Keyzer (F / Netherlands, 1928), Holocaust survivor - 1 Jul 1928
• Marianne Keyzer (F / Netherlands, 1937), Holocaust survivor]] - 4 Dec 1937

LL

• ? Gabor Lampel (F / Romania, 1928), Holocaust survivor - 22 Mar 1928 - Klausenburg (Cluj)

• Simon Lampic (M / Netherlands, 1928), Holocaust survivor - 18 Sep 1928
• Berend Lampic (M / Netherlands, 1930), Holocaust survivor - 6 Jul 1930
• Alida Lampic (F / Netherlands, 1932), Holocaust survivor - 2 Mar 1932
• Moses Lampic (M / Netherlands, 1933), Holocaust survivor - 12 Aug 1933

• ? Georg Leitersdorfer (M / Hungary, 1929) - 10 Jan 1929

• Harry Lieder-Kolben (M / Czechia, 1927), Holocaust survivor - 5 Sep 1927

• Bert Lobstein (F / Netherlands, 1926), Holocaust survivor - 31 May 1926

• Alfred Löb (M / Netherlands, 1933), Holocaust survivor - 2 May 1933

• Lousie Loeb (F / Netherlands, 1942), Holocaust survivor - 8 Dec 1942

• Peter Lorber (M / Germany, 1938), Holocaust survivor - 30 Jun 1938

• Gitla Löwenstamm (F / ?, 1928), Holocaust survivor - 19 Jul 1928

MM

• Freddy Markovics (M / Netherlands, 1942) - 3 Sep 1942

• Martin Mayer (M / Czechia, 1930) - 19 Nov 1930

NN

• Robert Narewozewitz (M / Germany, 1935) - 6 Oct 1935

• Alfred Nieuwkerk (M / Netherlands, 1930) - 10 Jun 1930

PP

• Fanny Polak (F / Netherlands, 1931) - 9 Aug 1931

• Tibor Pollack (M / ???, 1930) - 29 Aug 1930 - Grosswardein

• Edmund Pytkowski (M / Germany, 1928) - 26 Jun 1928

RR

• Gabriel Rosenblum (M / Hungary, 1928) - 28 Nov 1928 - Sarospatak

SS

• Elsemarie Samuels (F / Netherlands, 1927) - 7 Apr 1927

• Adolf Schaap (M / Netherlands, 1932) - 14 Jan 1932

• Gerson Schiel (M / Germany, 1940) - 12 Dec 1940

• Leopold Schiffer (M / Poland, 1928) - 8 Nov 1928

• Benno Schwarz (M / Netherlands, 1929) - 2 Jun 1929

• Carola Simons (F / Netherlands, 1937) - 19 Mar 1937

• Moses Stein (M / Romania, 1928) - 15 Jun 1928 - Borsa
• Jana Stein (F / ???, 1940) - 11 Jun 1940 - Prot. B.M.

• Isidor Schwimmer (M / Hungary, 1928) - 27 Sep 1928

TT

• Altje Tromp (M / Netherlands, 1927) - 25 Apr 1927
• Gretje Tromp (F / Netherlands, 1931) - 20 Oct 1931
• Aron Tromp (M / Netherlands, 1935) - 8 Jun 1935

VV

• Liesel van Cleeff (F / Netherlands, 1931) - 13 Jan 1931
• Nelli van Cleeff (F / Netherlands, 1933) - 5 Jun 1933

• Johannes van Emden (M / Netherlands, 1942) - 10 Jan 1942

• Aron van Leewen (M / Netherlands, 1930) - 8 Jun 1930

• Marianne Visser (F / Netherlands, 1934) - 20 Nov 1934

WW

• Abraham Wertheim (M / Netherlands, 1941) - 26 Jun 1941
• Alexander Wertheim (M / Netherlands, 1942) - 5 Oct 1942

• Georg Winkler (M / Czechia, 1936) - 19 Dec 1936

• Annie Wyler (F / Netherlands, 1935) - 27 Aug 1935
• Martha Wyler (F / Netherlands, 1931) - 12 Apr 1931
• Toos Wyler (F / Netherlands, 1929) - 29 May 1929

External links

• Theresienstadt Final Weeks]