Difference between revisions of "Claudius"

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*This page is edited by [[Samuele Rocca]], Israel
#REDIRECT [[:Category:Claudius (subject)]]
*ANCIENT SOURCES: see [[Claudius (sources)]]
*SCHOLARLY AND FICTIONAL WORKS: see [[:Category:Claudius (subject)]]
 
 
[[Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus]] (10 BC –54 CE) was the fourth Roman Emperor of the [[Julio-Claudian]] dynasty.
 
===Early Career===
 
Claudius was born in [[Lugdunum]] in [[Gallia]], to [[Nero Claudius Drusus]] and [[Antonia Minor], as [[Tiberius Claudius Drusus Nero Germanicus]]. He was the first Roman Emperor to be born outside [[Italy]]. He was the brother of [[Germanicus]]. [[Claudius]] suffered from various infirmities, possibly polio, and thus he was virtually excluded him from public office. In 14 CE, [[Claudius]] appealed to his uncle [[Tiberius]] to allow him to begin the ''cursus honorum'', who responded by granting [[Claudius]] consular ornaments. [[Claudius]] reached his first consulship only in 37 CE with his nephew [[Gaius Caesar]]. Till his accession to the throne, [[Claudius]] led a retired life. An historian, he wrote a History of the Civil War, a History of Carthage, and a History of the Etruscans. [[Claudius]] was betrothed twice, first to [[Aemilia Lepida]] and then to [[Livia Medullina]]. He married first [[Plautia Urgulanilla]]. Soon afterwards in 28 CE, he married [[Aelia Paetina]], a relation of [[Sejanus]]. In 38 or early 39 CE, [[Claudius]] married [[Valeria Messalina]]. They had a daughter [[Claudia Octavia]] and a son, [[Tiberius Claudius Germanicus]], known as [[Britannicus]], who was born after [[Claudius]]' accession.
 
====Imperial Succession====
[[Claudius]] succeeded to his nephew [[Gaius Caesar]] in 41 CE. He had been chosen by the Praetorian Guard against the wishes of the Senate, who wanted to restore the Republic. Eventually [[Agrippa I]] succeeded in having the imperial accession of [[Claudius]] recognized by the Senate. The reign of [[Claudius]] was characterized by an increasing reliance on the advice of his freedmen, especially [[Narcissus]], and [[Marcus Antonius Pallas]], developing the framework of the imperial bureaucracy. [[Claudius]] conducted a census in 48 CE, according to which there were 5,984,072 Roman citizens. [[Claudius]] showed much respect to the Senate, although several coup attempts were made during [[Claudius]]' reign, resulting in the deaths of many senators, as [[Appius Silanus]], executed early in the reign, [[Claudius]]' son-in-law [[Pompeius Magnus]], who was executed for his part in a conspiracy with his father [[Crassus Frugi]], and the consulars [[Lusius Saturninus]], [[Cornelius Lupus]], and [[Pompeius Pedo]], [[Valerius Asiaticus]] and [[Gaius Silius]], who was executed in 48 CE together with [[Claudius]]’ wife [[Messalin]]a. Other senators were exiled as in 46 CE, [[Asinius Gallus]], the grandson of [[Asinius Pollio]], and [[Statilius Corvinus]]. [[Claudius]] was particularly interested in jurisdiction; he also extended Latin rights and Roman citizenship to provincials, giving them the access to the Senate. The Lyons Tablet preserves his speech on the admittance of Gallic senators. He also increased the number of Patricians by adding new families to the dwindling number of noble lines. In Italy, Claudius reign was as well characterized by the extensive public works, as the erection of aqueducts, the Aqua Claudia, begun by [[Gaius Caesar]], and the Anio Novus, the building of the harbor of [[Portus]], near [[Ostia]], and the draining of the Fucinus Lake. [[Claudius]]’s foreign policy was quite successful. It was characterized by the conquest of [[Britannia]]. In 43 CE, [[Claudius]] sent [[Aulus Plautius]] with four legions to [[Britannia]]. [[Claudius]] himself traveled to [[Britannia]]. The rebel leader [[Caractacus]] was captured only in 50 CE. [[Britannia]] was added as a provincia. Other provinces which were added to the Empire were [[Mauretania]], [[Lycia]] in 43 C.E., and [[Thracia]] in 46 C.E. Other provinces which were annexed were [[Noricum]] and [[Pamphylia]]. [[Claudius]] dealings with [[Armenia]] were less successful.  Following the attempted coup attempt by [[Gaius Silius]] and the execution of his wife [[Messalina]], [[Claudius]] married her niece [[Agrippina Minor]], and he adopted as co-heir with his son [[Britannicus]], her son by [[Domitius Aehenobarbus]], [[Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus]]. [[Claudius]] died in 54 CE, allegedly poisoned by [[Nero]]. 
 
====Claudius the Jews and Judaea====
 
[[Claudius]] reign on the main was quite positive for the Jews living in the Roman Empire. Various sources, not always reliable and confused, suggest that [[Claudius]] wished to expel the Jews from Rome in 41 C.E. and maybe in 49 C.E. It is possible that in 49 CE the small group of Judaeo-Christians were indeed expelled from Rome. This episode is much important as well because it records the beginning of Christianity at Rome. Yet it seems that at this point the Christians were not a separated group, but part of the Jewish community at large. After his accession, the Greeks and Jews of [[Alexandria]] sent him two separate embassies. In the answer, the so called ''Letter to the Jews'', conserved in a papyrus, [[Claudius]] reaffirmed the rights of the Jews living in [[Alexandria]], but denied them the coveted Alexandrian citizenship.
 
After his accession to the throne, [[Claudius]] appointed [[Agrippa I]] as King of Judaea in 41 CE. [[Agrippa I]] ruled on the same territories held by his grandfather [[Herod the Great]] till 44 CE. [[Agrippa I]] strengthened the fortifications of [[Jerusalem]], building the [[Third Wall]], and when he tried to convene an assembly of Kings, Allies to Rome, as [[Antiochus of Commagene]], to whom his daughter [[Berenice]] was betrothed, [[Polemon of Pontus]], [[Sampsigeramus of Edessa]], [[Cotys of Lesser Armenia]], and [[Herod of Chalcis]], the Roman governor of Syria, [[Vibius Marsus]], was much alarmed. The Jewish King died soon afterwards. His son, [[Herod Agrippa II]] was too young to succeed; therefore [[Claudius]] appointed a procurator to rule Judaea. Under Claudius' reign, [[Judaea]] was ruled by [[Cuspius Fadus]] (44-46 CE), [[Tiberius Julius Alexander]] (46-48 CE), [[Ventidius Cumanus]] (48-52 CE), and [[Antonius Felix]] (52-58).
 
==Related categories==
 
*[[Roman Emperors]]
 
==External links==
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudius Wikipedia]




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Latest revision as of 06:43, 19 February 2012

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