Difference between revisions of "Machaerus"

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*SCHOLARLY AND FICTIONAL WORKS: see [[:Category:Machaerus (subject)]]
#REDIRECT [[:Category:Machaerus (subject)]]
*ANCIENT SOURCES: see [[Machaerus (sources)]]
 
 
[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b2/Machaerus_Panorama.jpg Machaerus] was a fortress on the eastern side of the [[Dead Sea]], originally built by [[Alexander Jannaeus]] and later rebuilt by [[Herod the Great]].
 
==History==
 
The site was chosen by [[Alexander Jannaeus]] to protect the Eastern border of the Hasmonean kingdom.
 
The fortress was demolished by the Roman general Gabinius in 57 BCE.
 
[[Herod the Great]] rebuilt the fortress, which was then inherited by his son [[Herod Antipas]], tetrarch of Galilee and Perea. It was in Machaerus that [[John the Baptist]] was imprisoned and put to death.
 
[[Herod Agrippa]] took then control of the site. At his death in 44 CE, the fortress came under the direct administration of the Roman governor of Judea.
 
The Roman garrison abandoned the fortress at the outbreak of the [[Jewish War]] in 66 CE. One of the last strongholds of the rebels, it was reconquered only in 72 CE by Roman general Lucilius Bassus.
 
==Machaerus in ancient sources==
 
*See [[Machaerus (sources)]]
 
==Machaerus in Scholarship==
 
The site was first visited  in 1807 by the explorer [[Ulrich Jasper Seetzen]], who noticed the similarity between the Arabic name of the site, ''Muqawir'', and the Greek ''Machaerus''.
 
In 1936 [[Giuseppe Ricciotti]] identified in the jumbled rock heap piled up at the north west base of the fortress, the beginning of the siege ramp (agger).
 
The first excavation attempt of the fortress was started by [[Jerry Vardaman]] in 1968.
 
In 1973 [[August Strobel]] careful surveyed and mapped the Roman siege works with the vallum, the camps and the towers.
 
The work was resumed in 1978-81 by the [[Studium Biblicum Franciscanum]] directed by [[Virgilio Corbo]], [[Stanislao Lofreda]] and [[Michele Piccirillo]], and continued in 1992-93 by the Israeli Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities.
 
==Machaerus in Fiction==
 
==Related categories==
 
==External links==
 
*[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machaerus Wikipedia]
*[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/geo/Machaerus.html Jewish Virtual Library] / [http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Society_&_Culture/geo/Machaerus.html Jewish Encyclopedia]
*[http://198.62.75.1/www1/ofm/fai/FAImachr.html Franciscan Archaeological Institute]
 
*'''Fortresses and Palaces: Machaerus ''' / [[Adam Marshak]] and [[Daniel C. Harlow]] / In: [[The Eerdmans Dictionary of Early Judaism (2010 Collins / Harlow), edited volume]], 650




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Latest revision as of 06:59, 13 February 2012

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