Difference between revisions of "OT Apocrypha"

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The '''Old Testament Apocrypha''', or '''Deutocanonici''' is a Christian corpus  generated in the 16th century to denote a certain group of Second Temple Texts not included in the [[Hebrew Bible]] and in the Protestant Canon but deemed "canonical" by the Roman Catholic Church.
#REDIRECT [[:Category:OT Apocrypha (subject)]]
 
<Tobit, Judith, Ben Sira, Wisdom of Solomon, 1-2 Maccabees, Baruch, plus the additions to Daniel and Esther)  + [[4 Ezra]] >
 
==Overview ==
 
The corpus of the OT Apocrypha or Deuterocanici (Tobit, Judith, Ben Sira, Wisdom of Solomon, 1-2 Maccabees, Baruch, plus the additions to Daniel and Esther) owes its existence to the polemics of the Reformation era and was sanctioned by the Council of Trent in 1546.
 
The Protestant reformers had adopted [[Jerome]]’s principle of ''Hebraica veritas'', and acknowledged only the books also found in the Rabbinic Canon or [[Hebrew Bible]] as inspired scripture in the Old Testament. The Council of Trent reacted by affirming the larger canon of the traditional Roman Catholic Church, based on the Latin [[Vulgate]]: “If any one receive not, as sacred and canonical, the said books entire with all their parts, as they have been used to be read in the Catholic Church and as they are contained in the old Latin Vulgate . . . let him be anathema.”
 
The Tridentine canon was identical to the list issued by the Council of Hippo (339 CE), except that the Council Fathers appear to have misunderstood the meaning of 1 and 2 Esdras, which they identified as the proto-canonical books of Ezra and Nehemiah with the exclusion of 2 Esdras (=4 Ezra).
 
This different approach resulted in a different treatment of the material  within the Protestant and the Catholic tradition.
 
The first Protestant collection of '''OT Apocrypha''' by Taverner in 1549 published as a separated corpus texts originally printed as part of the Old Testament (from the 1939 [[Taverner's Bible]]) and included the apocalyptic [[4 Ezra]]
 
On the other hand, the Roman Catholic commentary, [[Biblioteca Magna]] by [[Sisto of Siena|Sixtus of Siena]] included these texts (with the exception of [[4 Ezra]]) in the Old Testament, only by giving them the label of ''deuterocanonici'' in recognition of the fact that their canonicity was disputed.
 
This distinction in the treatment of the material within the Protestant and Catholic traditions has shaped the modern research; see [[OT Apocrypha Studies]].
 
One of the first major consequences of the birth of the corpus of the [[OT Apocrypha]] / Deuterocanonici was the gradual emergence (since the beginning of the 18th century) of the companion corpus of the [[OT Pseudepigrapha]] (which Catholics called ''OT Apocrypha'') to collect all the many other ancient books that before the 16th century had shared with the OT Apocryphal texts the same destiny of being at the fringes of the ancient Jewish and Christian canons.
 
==== The Canonical Status OT Apocryphal Texts before the 16th century ====
 
Before the 16th century the OT Apocrypha or Deutocanonici did not exist as a distinctive corpus, but were part of a "gray area" made of a larger amount of books that were more or less authoritative, or authoritative for some Second Temple Jews but not for others, and then for some Christians but not for others.
 
 
< Categories: OT Apocrypha Translations -- OT Apocrypha Intro -- Bible, with OT Apocrypha -- -- Book of Tobit -- Book of Judith -- Esther Additions -- Wisdom of Solomon -- Book of Sirach -- 1 Baruch and the Letter of Jeremiah -- Daniel Additions (Prayer of Azariah and Song of the Children; Susanna; Bel and the Dragon) -- 1 Maccabees -- 2 Maccabees -- 3 Ezra (1 Esdras) -- Prayer of Manasseh -- Psalm 151 -- 3 Maccabees -- 4 Ezra (2 Esdras) >
 
 




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Latest revision as of 13:31, 16 May 2013

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