Verhängnis und Verheissung der Geschichte (1969 Harnisch), book
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Verhängnis und Verheissung der Geschichte. Untersuchungen zum Zeit- und Geschichtsverständnis im 4. Buch Esra und in der syr. Baruchapokalypse (1969) is a book by Wolfgang Harnisch.
Abstract
Harnish argued that the theology of 4 Ezra does not differ substantially from that of 2 Baruch. Both texts were the product of the same group.
He saw in the positions initially presented by the character of Ezra the evidence of a "gnosticizing" party that the author of 4 Ezra intended to oppose. The debate between the seer and the angel is not a debate within the heart and mind of the author, but rather a debate between two opposite points of view.
Editions
Published in Göttingen, Germany: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 1969.