Thomas Buergenthal (Poland, 1934), Holocaust survivor
Thomas Buergenthal (M / Slovakia, Poland, 1934), Holocaust survivor.
- KEYWORDS : <Slovakia> <Poland> <Kielce Ghetto> <Auschwitz> <Errand Boy> <Death March> <Sachsenhausen>
- MEMOIRS : A Lucky Child (2007)
Biography
Born May 11, 1934 in Lubochna, Czechoslovakia.
Book : A Lucky Child (2007)
- A Lucky Child: A Memoir of Surviving Auschwitz as a Young Boy (2007)
"Thomas Buergenthal, now a Judge in the International Court of Justice in The Hague, tells his astonishing experiences as a young boy in his memoir A LUCKY CHILD. He arrived at Auschwitz at age 10 after surviving two ghettos and a labor camp. Separated first from his mother and then his father, Buergenthal managed by his wits and some remarkable strokes of luck to survive on his own. Almost two years after his liberation, Buergenthal was miraculously reunited with his mother and in 1951 arrived in the U.S. to start a new life ... Now dedicated to helping those subjected to tyranny throughout the world, Buergenthal writes his story with a simple clarity that highlights the stark details of unimaginable hardship. A LUCKY CHILD is a book that demands to be read by all."--Publisher description.
USHMM's ID Card
In 1933, just after Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power, Thomas's Jewish parents moved from Germany to Czechoslovakia. Thomas's father had worked as a banker in Germany, and then bought a small hotel in the Slovakian town of Lubochna. Many of his father's friends in Germany came to Czechoslovakia to escape the Nazi government's unfair policies and stayed at the hotel.
1933-39: Slovak soldiers who had sided with Hitler took over the Buergenthal family's hotel in late 1938. They fled to Zilina, a nearby city, and lived there until after Thomas turned 5. Then, his father took the family across the border into Poland. On September 1, 1939, they boarded a train heading for a boat that would take them to England. But the German army invaded Poland that day, and their train was bombed. They joined other refugees, and walked north to Kielce.
1940-45: In Kielce the Buergenthals were put into a ghetto and then a labor camp. In 1944 Thomas was deported to Auschwitz with his parents. It was now January 1945, and the advancing Soviet army forced the Germans to evacuate. Thomas and his family were marched out—children at the front. Day one was a 10-hour march and tiring; they began to lag. Stragglers were shot, so Thomas and two boys devised a way to rest as they walked: They'd run to the front of the column, then walk slowly or stop until the rear of the column reached them. Then, they'd run ahead again.
Thomas was one of only three children to survive the three-day death march. He was deported to Sachsenhausen, where he was liberated by Soviet troops in April 1945.
U.N. News (31 January 2018)
“It was not easy to be a child survivor after the War. I continued to hide. Why? My parents did not take me to the meetings with other survivors to not hurt the feelings of those that lost their children,” Eva Lavi told the United Nations annual Holocaust Memorial Ceremony, held Wednesday at the world body’s Headquarters in New York.
“Even now 73 years after the War, I feel guilty that I survived,” she lamented.
Born in Poland, Ms. Lavi was two years old when the War broke out. One day when the Nazis appeared at the door of her home, her mother was desperate and gambled by putting her outside the window. It was winter and minus 20 Celsius, but Ms. Lavi held onto a pipe. It was freezing, but she survived.
Now in her 80s, Ms. Lavi said she has often wondered why the God saved her.
“Perhaps, he wanted me to do something big. I’m only an ordinary woman. No special achievements. But now I’m here, talking from the United Nations. This is the ‘big something’ that the God planned for me,” she said, noting that after her mother’s passing, she started publicly telling her stories for the sake of the future.
Another featured speaker was Thomas Buergenthal, a Holocaust survivor and a retired Judge of the International Court of Justice (ICJ), Professor at George Washington University Law School, in Washington, D.C.
He said he belongs to the ever-smaller group of still-living Holocaust survivors.
“We have an ever-more urgent and sacred obligation to ensure that the memories of all victims of the Holocaust be permanently preserved, and to work for a world in which no human being will ever again has to suffer the horrors that this terrible genocide inflicted on them,” he emphasized.
Of the six million Jews who were murdered, more than a million were children, he noted.
“Think of the physicians, the scientists, the historians, the archeologists, the theologians, the poets, the philosophers, the writers, the engineers, the teachers and other professionals that these children might have become,” he continued, stressing that the world lost enormous intellectual, cultural, and scientific riches that would have benefited humanity as a whole, making the Holocaust “a human tragedy of catastrophic proportions” even without counting the other five million victims.
“No nation has a monopoly on goodness or on evil. Under certain circumstances genocide can take place in many of our own countries. That is why we must always be on the alert against this crime,” he said.
For his part, UN Secretary-General António Guterres, describing the Holocaust as a “culmination of hostility towards Jews across the millennia” and a “systematic campaign of extermination,” warned against signs that hatred, xenophobia and other types of discrimination exist in today’s world.
“Since hatred and contempt of human lives are rampant in our time, we must stand guard against xenophobia every day and everywhere. Across the world, the state of hate is high,” Mr. Guterres told the event.
Four days ago, 27 January marked the 73rd anniversary of the liberation of Auschwitz.
“The gargantuan horror of those 12 years, from 1933 to 1945, reverberates to this day,” Mr. Guterres said. “This annual Day of commemoration is about the past, but also the future; it is about Jews but also all others who find themselves scapegoated and vilified solely because of who they are.”
The UN chief said that “genocide does not happen in a vacuum” and “the Holocaust was the culmination of hostility toward Jews across the millennia.”
“We must not lose sight of what went wrong,” he declared, warning against manifestation of resurgent hatred, such as the march of 60,000 people waving signs reading “White Europe” and “Clean Blood” in one capital two months ago. The ceremony, hosted by Alison Smale, UN Under-Secretary-General for Global Communications, began with a minute of silence in honour of the victims and the survivors of the Holocaust.
General Assembly President Miroslav Lajčák said: “We are not here today just to remember the Holocaust. We are also here to remind ourselves of our collective failure to prevent it.”
He said that the Holocaust did not happen overnight. “We saw it coming, and we did not stop it.”
And, when it was over, a promise was made not to repeat it, “never again.” But, unfortunately, this promise has not always been kept.
“No, we have not had another world war. Nor have we seen anything on the scale of the Holocaust. But we have felt tremors in the ground. We have seen red warning flashes lighting,” he said, citing acts of genocide, systematic discrimination, anti-Semitism, racism, intolerance, Islamophobia and hate speech.
“Too often we did not have the courage to call things exactly what they are - and to act accordingly,” he said.
“So, we need to reflect on our inaction – and, indeed, our failures. But we must also use this occasion to inspire change.”
The Permanent Representatives of Israel, Germany and the United States, delivered remarks, and the ceremony include music by the UN Staff Recreation Council Singers and the UN Staff Recreation Council Chamber Music Society. Cantor Joseph Malovany of the Fifth Avenue Synagogue, also recited the memorial prayers.