File:2014 Kertzer.jpg

Italian ed. (2014)

German ed. (2016)

{en} David I. Kertzer. The Pope and Mussolini: The Secret History of Pius XI and the Rise of Fascism in Europe. Random House Publishing Group, 2014. {British ed. Oxford University Press, 2014}

Translations

• {it} Il patto col diavolo: Mussolini e Papa Pio XI le relazioni segrete fra il Vaticano e l'Italia fascista. Rizzoli, 2014.

• {de} Der erste Stellvertreter: Papst Pius XI. und der geheime Pakt mit dem Faschismus. Theiss Verlag, 2016.

Abstract

"This is the story of Pope Pius XI’s relations with Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, based on archival material from both ... The book won the 2015 Pulitzer Prize in Drama, Letter and Music category of Biography or Autobiography."--

"From National Book Award finalist David I. Kertzer comes the gripping story of Pope Pius XI’s secret relations with Italian dictator Benito Mussolini. This groundbreaking work, based on seven years of research in the Vatican and Fascist archives, including reports from Mussolini’s spies inside the highest levels of the Church, will forever change our understanding of the Vatican’s role in the rise of Fascism in Europe ... The Pope and Mussolini tells the story of two men who came to power in 1922, and together changed the course of twentieth-century history. In most respects, they could not have been more different. One was scholarly and devout, the other thuggish and profane. Yet Pius XI and “Il Duce” had many things in common. They shared a distrust of democracy and a visceral hatred of Communism. Both were prone to sudden fits of temper and were fiercely protective of the prerogatives of their office. (“We have many interests to protect,” the Pope declared, soon after Mussolini seized control of the government in 1922.) Each relied on the other to consolidate his power and achieve his political goals ... In a challenge to the conventional history of this period, in which a heroic Church does battle with the Fascist regime, Kertzer shows how Pius XI played a crucial role in making Mussolini’s dictatorship possible and keeping him in power. In exchange for Vatican support, Mussolini restored many of the privileges the Church had lost and gave in to the pope’s demands that the police enforce Catholic morality. Yet in the last years of his life—as the Italian dictator grew ever closer to Hitler—the pontiff’s faith in this treacherous bargain started to waver. With his health failing, he began to lash out at the Duce and threatened to denounce Mussolini’s anti-Semitic racial laws before it was too late. Horrified by the threat to the Church-Fascist alliance, the Vatican’s inner circle, including the future Pope Pius XII, struggled to restrain the headstrong pope from destroying a partnership that had served both the Church and the dictator for many years ... The Pope and Mussolini brims with memorable portraits of the men who helped enable the reign of Fascism in Italy: Father Pietro Tacchi Venturi, Pius’s personal emissary to the dictator, a wily anti-Semite known as Mussolini’s Rasputin; Victor Emmanuel III, the king of Italy, an object of widespread derision who lacked the stature—literally and figuratively—to stand up to the domineering Duce; and Cardinal Secretary of State Eugenio Pacelli, whose political skills and ambition made him Mussolini’s most powerful ally inside the Vatican, and positioned him to succeed the pontiff as the controversial Pius XII, whose actions during World War II would be subject for debate for decades to come ... With the recent opening of the Vatican archives covering Pius XI’s papacy, the full story of the Pope’s complex relationship with his Fascist partner can finally be told. Vivid, dramatic, with surprises at every turn, The Pope and Mussolini is history writ large and with the lightning hand of truth."--

"I rapporti tra il Vaticano e il fascismo sono da sempre oggetto di controversia. Da una parte quanti sostengono che la Chiesa sia stata una ferma oppositrice del Duce, dall'altra quanti ritengono che invece lo abbia appoggiato in materia determinante. Dopo l'apertura, nel 2006, degli Archivi vaticani, nuovi documenti permettono di approfondire il dipanarsi delle relazioni tra Pio XI e Benito Mussolini. Spie, traditori, carte segrete e scandali taciuti rivelano una storia di opportunismi, di interessi talvolta convergenti - a partire dalla comune lotta contro il comunismo - ma anche di riluttanze, insofferenze e duelli all'arma bianca. Mussolini aveva bisogno del Papa per far dimenticare il proprio passato anticlericale e guadagnare il consenso in un Paese cattolico, il Papa, per parte sua, intendeva restaurare i privilegi perduti del clero e cullava il sogno di uno Stato confessionale. Ma con lo stringersi dell'alleanza tra Mussolini e Hitler, le perplessità di Pio XI si faranno sempre più serie e la sua disponibilità verso il regime vacillerà ogni giorno di più. La visita trionfale del Führer a Roma e le successive esternazioni del Duce sulla superiorità e la purezza della razza italiana lo fecero inorridire. Allora decise di scrivere un discorso, per denunciare l'intollerabile abbraccio del razzismo nazista: avrebbe dovuto tenerlo a tutti i vescovi d'Italia l'11 febbraio 1939, ma il giorno prima morirà e tutte le copie di quel discorso saranno fatte scomparire."--