Crawford Howell Toy (1836-1919), scholar
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Crawford Howell Toy (1836-1919) was an American scholar. Born in Norfolk, Virginia, he graduated from the University of Virginia in 1856. After serving in the Confederate army during the Civil War, he went to study at the University of Berlin for two years. He was then Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament interpretation at the Southern Baptist Theological Seminary (1869-1879). Influenced by Darwin and shaped by Wellhausen and the religionsgeschichte school, his critical approach to the Bible eventually caused a rift between Toy and the Southern Baptist Seminary. In 1880 he joined the Faculty of Harvard Divinity School as the Hancock Professor of Hebrew and other Oriental Languages (Arabic, Ethiopic), until his retirement in 1909.
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