The Dead Sea Scrolls (1955 Burrows), book

The Dead Sea Scrolls (1955) is a book by Millar Burrows.

Abstract

Burrows was Director of the American School of Oriental Research in Jerusalem when the Scrolls were discovered in 1947. He therefore had the privilege of editing three of the scrolls. Burrows wrote The Dead Sea Scrolls in 1955 when there was still rampant speculation that the Scrolls would dramatically revise traditional interpretations of Christianity. Burrows wrote this text for laypersons and not technical scholars and one of his primary purposes in writing was to assuage this concern. A comprehensive text on the Scrolls, Burrows begins with a complete description of the discovery by Bedouins, continues with problems of dating the Qumran community and the Scrolls, and ends with the significance of the DSS for Judaism and early Christianity. Burrows is one of the early advocates of the Essene Hypothesis (Part Four), which identifies Qumran as an Essene community. This early became the majority viewpoint. The primary importance of the DSS is the insight they offer into “a dissident group of Jews during the time when the temple was standing, just after the composition of the latest books of the Old Testament, and just before and during the time when the New Testament was coming into being” (327). Burrows writes as a Christian scholar and his primary concerns are Christian, but Burrows does recognize the significance of the Scrolls for interpreting Judaism in the century before the common era. Burrows assures the non-technical reader that the Scrolls do not demand any revision of Christian faith. Burrows offers translations of five of the Scrolls in appendices.

Editions and translations

Published in New York, NY: Viking, 1955; and London: Secker & Warburg, 1956. Translated into German (1956), French (1956), Italian (1957), Swedish (1957), Spanish (1958), and other languages.

• Die Schriftrollen vom Toten Meer (1956 Burrows), book (German ed.)
• Les manuscrits de la Mer Morte (1956 Burrows), book (French ed.)
• Prima di Cristo: la scoperta dei rotoli del Mar Morto (1956 Burrows), book (Italian ed.)
• Skriftfynden vid Döda Havet (1957 Burrows), book (Swedish ed.)
• Los rollos del Mar Muerto (1958 Burrows), book (Spanish ed.)

Table of contents

Preface A Word to the Wise

Part One: Discoveries and Discussions

I. The First Discoveries II. Alarms and Excursions III. Later Discoveries

Part Two: The Age of the Manuscripts

IV. The Evidence of Archeology and Paleography V. The Evidence of Text and Language

Part Three: The Dates of Composition

VI. Historical Allusions in the Habakkuk Commentary: The Kittim VII. Historical Allusions in the Habakkuk Commentary: Dramatis Personae VIII. Identifications of Persons and Events IX. Historical Allusions in the Other Documents X. Ideas, Vocabulary, and Literary Relations

Part Four: The Community of Qumran

XI. Origin, History, and Organization XII. Beliefs XIII. Identification

Part Five: The Importance of the Dead Sea Scrolls

XIV. Contributions to Textual Criticism, Historical Grammar, and Paleography XV. Contributions to the Study of Judaism and Christianity; Summary

Part Six: Translations

A. The Damascus Document B. The Habakkuk Commentary C. The Manual of Discipline D. Selections from The War of the Sons of Light with the Sons of Darkness E. Selections from the Thanksgiving Psalms