Qumran - Revision history

Gabriele Boccaccini: Redirected page to Category:Qumran (subject)

2019-11-08T00:42:09Z

Redirected page to Category:Qumran (subject)

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:42, 8 November 2019
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	[[~~File~~:~~Qumran view.jpg\|700px]]~~		#REDIRECT [[:Category:Qumran (subject)]]
	~~[[File~~:Qumran ~~map.jpg\|thumb\|350px~~]]

			[[Category:Places]]
	~~'''Qumran / Khirbet Qumran''' is an archeological site located in the West Bank on a dry plateau about a mile from the northwestern shore of the Dead Sea, in the area in which most of the~~ [[~~Dead Sea Scrolls]] were found.~~

	~~The settlement was constructed during the Hasmonean period (late 2nd century BCE) and was occupied until 68 BC, when it was destroyed by the Romans during the [[Jewish War]~~]~~, and never rebuilt. Most scholars see a close connection between the scrolls and the settlement; Qumran was the home of a sectarian community who collected the scrolls and authored some of them.~~

	~~==Archeology of Qumran==~~

	The site had been known to European explorers since the 19th century. The first to visit the site was [[Louis Félicien de Saulcy]] in 1851, followed by [[Henry Poole]] in 1855, [[Albert Augustus Isaacs]] in 1856, [[Charles Clermont-Ganneau]] in 1873, [[Ernest William Gurney Masterman]] 1900-01, and [[Gustaf Dalman]] in 1914. No systematic excavation was carried out. The ruins were commonly understood as those of a fort, even though the presence of the large cemetery was puzzling.

	Interest in the site arose in the late 1940s when the first Dead Sea Scrolls were found in nearby caves. The site was extensively excavated in the 1950s by archaeologists under the direction of [[Roland de Vaux]]. De Vaux interpreted the ruins as the home of a community of Essenes who lived a quasi-monastic life devoted to prayer and the study and writing of religious documents.

	~~====Main Gate====~~

	~~====Tower====~~

	~~====Scriptorium====~~

	Roland de Vaux identified one of the excavated rooms as the ''Scriptorum'' of the community, as several inkwells were found there. Some of the stone furniture that collapsed from the second floor was tentatively reconstructed as "tables" and "benches" used by scribes to write the scrolls.

	~~====Assembly Hall (Refectorium)====~~

	A large rectangular room at the southern section of the settlement was identified by de Vaux as an assembly hall (or refectorium). Several elements advance such an identification. First of all the dimensions, the presence of a water channel (which would have facilitated the cleaning) and a miqveh (ritual bath) directly outside the room (which would have facilitated the rituals of purification.

	~~====Kitchen====~~

	~~====Pantry====~~

	~~====Water System====~~

	Qumran had a quite elaborate water system, a complex network of aqueducts and cisterns. In the dry and hot environment, water was necessary for drinking and bathing, but also to satisfy the purity concerns of the community.

	~~====Toilet====~~

	~~====Cemetery====~~

	A large cemetery, located 30-40 meters east of the main living area, has been found at Qumran. The analysis of the cemetery is complicated by the fact that the cemetery was later used by Muslim Bedouins. However, the old cemetery clearly distinguishes itself for some unique features:
	* All tombs are arranged in ordered rows, with a north-south orientation.
	* There are no family tombs but only individual tombs.
	* The absence of women and children under the age of 16 demonstrates that Qumran was home to a male-oriented religious community.

	~~==The Economic Life at Qumran==~~

	~~==External links==~~

	* [http://virtualqumran.huji.ac.il/tour/VirtualTourIntroduction.htm The Orion Virtual Qumran Tour]

Gabriele Boccaccini: /* Archeology of Qumran */

2016-01-04T04:23:05Z

Archeology of Qumran

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:23, 4 January 2016
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	==Archeology of Qumran==		==Archeology of Qumran==

	The site had been known to European explorers since the 19th century. The ruins were commonly ~~interpreted~~ as those of a fort.		The site had been known to European explorers since the 19th century. The first to visit the site was [[Louis Félicien de Saulcy]] in 1851, followed by [[Henry Poole]] in 1855, [[Albert Augustus Isaacs]] in 1856, [[Charles Clermont-Ganneau]] in 1873, [[Ernest William Gurney Masterman]] 1900-01, and [[Gustaf Dalman]] in 1914. No systematic excavation was carried out. The ruins were commonly understood as those of a fort, even though the presence of the large cemetery was puzzling.

	Interest in the site arose in the late 1940s when the first Dead Sea Scrolls were found in nearby caves. The site was extensively excavated in the 1950s by archaeologists under the direction of [[Roland de Vaux]]. De Vaux interpreted the ruins as the home of a community of Essenes who lived a quasi-monastic life devoted to prayer and the study and writing of religious documents.		Interest in the site arose in the late 1940s when the first Dead Sea Scrolls were found in nearby caves. The site was extensively excavated in the 1950s by archaeologists under the direction of [[Roland de Vaux]]. De Vaux interpreted the ruins as the home of a community of Essenes who lived a quasi-monastic life devoted to prayer and the study and writing of religious documents.
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	* All tombs are arranged in ordered rows, with a north-south orientation.		* All tombs are arranged in ordered rows, with a north-south orientation.
	* There are no family tombs but only individual tombs.		* There are no family tombs but only individual tombs.
	* The absence of women and children under the age of 16 demonstrates that Qumran was home to a male-oriented religious community.		* The absence of women and children under the age of 16 demonstrates that Qumran was home to a male-oriented religious community.

	==The Economic Life at Qumran==		==The Economic Life at Qumran==

Gabriele Boccaccini: /* Scriptorium */

2016-01-04T03:52:56Z

Scriptorium

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:52, 4 January 2016
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	====Scriptorium====		====Scriptorium====

			Roland de Vaux identified one of the excavated rooms as the ''Scriptorum'' of the community, as several inkwells were found there. Some of the stone furniture that collapsed from the second floor was tentatively reconstructed as "tables" and "benches" used by scribes to write the scrolls.

	====Assembly Hall (Refectorium)====		====Assembly Hall (Refectorium)====

Gabriele Boccaccini: /* The Economic Life at Qumran */

2016-01-04T03:39:02Z

The Economic Life at Qumran

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:39, 4 January 2016
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	==The Economic Life at Qumran==		==The Economic Life at Qumran==

			==External links==

			* [http://virtualqumran.huji.ac.il/tour/VirtualTourIntroduction.htm The Orion Virtual Qumran Tour]

Gabriele Boccaccini: /* Water System */

2016-01-04T01:55:11Z

Water System

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:55, 4 January 2016
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	====Water System====		====Water System====

	Qumran ~~has~~ a quite elaborate water system, ~~made~~ of ~~an aquedut~~		Qumran had a quite elaborate water system, a complex network of aqueducts and cisterns. In the dry and hot environment, water was necessary for drinking and bathing, but also to satisfy the purity concerns of the community.

	====Toilet====		====Toilet====

Gabriele Boccaccini at 01:47, 4 January 2016

2016-01-04T01:47:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:47, 4 January 2016
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	A large rectangular room at the southern section of the settlement was identified by de Vaux as an assembly hall (or refectorium). Several elements advance such an identification. First of all the dimensions, the presence of a water channel (which would have facilitated the cleaning) and a miqveh (ritual bath) directly outside the room (which would have facilitated the rituals of purification.		A large rectangular room at the southern section of the settlement was identified by de Vaux as an assembly hall (or refectorium). Several elements advance such an identification. First of all the dimensions, the presence of a water channel (which would have facilitated the cleaning) and a miqveh (ritual bath) directly outside the room (which would have facilitated the rituals of purification.

			====Kitchen====

			====Pantry====

			====Water System====

			Qumran has a quite elaborate water system, made of an aquedut

			====Toilet====

			====Cemetery====

			A large cemetery, located 30-40 meters east of the main living area, has been found at Qumran. The analysis of the cemetery is complicated by the fact that the cemetery was later used by Muslim Bedouins. However, the old cemetery clearly distinguishes itself for some unique features:
			* All tombs are arranged in ordered rows, with a north-south orientation.
			* There are no family tombs but only individual tombs.
			* The absence of women and children under the age of 16 demonstrates that Qumran was home to a male-oriented religious community.

			==The Economic Life at Qumran==

Gabriele Boccaccini: /* Archeology of Qumran */

2016-01-04T01:05:58Z

Archeology of Qumran

← Older revision		Revision as of 01:05, 4 January 2016
Line 12:		Line 12:

	Interest in the site arose in the late 1940s when the first Dead Sea Scrolls were found in nearby caves. The site was extensively excavated in the 1950s by archaeologists under the direction of [[Roland de Vaux]]. De Vaux interpreted the ruins as the home of a community of Essenes who lived a quasi-monastic life devoted to prayer and the study and writing of religious documents.		Interest in the site arose in the late 1940s when the first Dead Sea Scrolls were found in nearby caves. The site was extensively excavated in the 1950s by archaeologists under the direction of [[Roland de Vaux]]. De Vaux interpreted the ruins as the home of a community of Essenes who lived a quasi-monastic life devoted to prayer and the study and writing of religious documents.

			====Main Gate====

			====Tower====

			====Scriptorium====

			====Assembly Hall (Refectorium)====

			A large rectangular room at the southern section of the settlement was identified by de Vaux as an assembly hall (or refectorium). Several elements advance such an identification. First of all the dimensions, the presence of a water channel (which would have facilitated the cleaning) and a miqveh (ritual bath) directly outside the room (which would have facilitated the rituals of purification.

Gabriele Boccaccini at 00:46, 4 January 2016

2016-01-04T00:46:55Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:46, 4 January 2016
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	[[File:Qumran view.jpg\|700px]]		[[File:Qumran view.jpg\|700px]]
	[[File:Qumran ~~view2~~.jpg\|~~700px~~]]		[[File:Qumran map.jpg\|thumb\|350px]]

Gabriele Boccaccini at 00:44, 4 January 2016

2016-01-04T00:44:25Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:44, 4 January 2016
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	[[File:Qumran view.jpg\|700px]]		[[File:Qumran view.jpg\|700px]]
			[[File:Qumran view2.jpg\|700px]]

Gabriele Boccaccini at 00:44, 4 January 2016

2016-01-04T00:44:02Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 00:44, 4 January 2016
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	[[File:Qumran ~~view2~~.jpg\|700px]]		[[File:Qumran view.jpg\|700px]]