View source for Introduction to the New Testament (2013 Boccaccini), course

'''Introduction to the New Testament''' is a course offered by [[Gabriele Boccaccini]] at the [[University of Michigan]] in the Winter 2013.

==Description==

The course offers an Introduction to the Early Christian Literature and the development of the Early Christian movement from the death of [[Jesus of Nazareth]] until the mid-2nd Century.

The approach is historical and chronological and no distinction is made between "canonical" and non-canonical" literature. The New Testament documents are studied alongside with the writings of the [[Apostolic Father]] and the [[New Testament Apocrypha]], The development of the early Church is illustrated in the diversity of its components.   

Christianity is presented originally as a Jewish messianic movement which grew up out of the diverse world of Second Temple Judaism to gradually parting, after the destruction of Jerusalem in the year 70, from the other major Jewish movements of the time--[[Hellenistic Judaism]] and the nascent [[Rabbinic movement]].

==Syllabus==

*Meeting Place: 

*Readings: The New Testament" (New Revised Standard Version of the Bible), and the "Apostolic Fathers" (texts are available online). If you like to purchase a printed copy: ''The New Testament and Other Early Christian Writings: A Reader'' by Bart D. Ehrman (2003), or ''The Holy Bible: New Revised Standard Version with Apocrypha'' by Bruce M. Metzger (1991) (available at www.amazon.com)

*Text-Book: '''The New Testament: A Historical Introduction to the Early Christian Writings''', by Bart D. Ehrman, 4th (2007) or 5th (2011) editions (available at www.amazon.com)
* GSIs: Rodney Caruthers <rodneyac@umich.edu>, and Vahe Sahakyan <sahakv@umich.edu>

(1.1) Wed Jan 9, 2013 – General Introduction.
Presentation of the course.

====Part 1 – From Jewish Messianism to Early Christology====

(1.2) Fri Jan 11, 2013 – What is the [[New Testament]]?  
Do We Have the Original New Testament? 
*Text-Book: “What Is the New Testament”; and “Do We Have the Original New Testament”  
*See also [[New Testament]]

(2.3) Mon Jan 14, 2013 – The Founder of Christianity, [[Jesus of Nazareth]] 
*Documentary: “From Jesus to Christ” (I) [Frontline, PBS 1998]  
*Text-Book: “The Historical Jesus: Sources, Problems, and Methods”  
*See also [[Jesus of Nazareth]]

(3.4) Wed Jan 16, 2013 – The Development of Early Christology.
The Faith of the New Testament: Jesus the divine [[Messiah]], the divine [[Son of God]]. 
The starting point: Jewish messianic expectations.  
The messiahs of the Ancient Jewish traditions. 
*Text-Book: “Judaism as a Greco-Roman Religion”; and “Jesus in Context” 
*See also [[Messiah]]

(4.5) Fri Jan 18, 2013 – Judaisms and their Messiahs (I): the Human Messiah. 
The Messiah of the [[Pharisees]] and [[Zealots]]: the [[Son of David]].  
The Two Messiahs of the Essenes: the Son of Aaron and the Son of Judah.
*Reading: The Psalms of Solomon
*See also [[Son of David]]

[ Mon Jan 21, 2013 – Martin Luther King Jr. Day (no class) ] 

(5.6) Wed Jan 23, 2013 – Judaisms and their Messiahs (II): The Heavenly Messiah.
The [[Messiah]] of the Enochians: the [[Son of Man]] and the heavenly [[Melchizedek]].
*Reading: The Parables of Enoch
*See also [[Son  of Man]] and [[Melchizedek]]

(6.7) Fri Jan 25, 2013 – The Gospel of Mark (I): 
Jesus, the Teacher, the Apocalyptic Prophet like [[John the Baptist]] 
*Reading: The [[Gospel of Mark]] 
*Text-Book: “The Gospel According to Mark” 

(7.8) Mon Jan 28, 2013 – The Gospel of Mark (II):
Jesus, the [[Son of God]] and the [[Son of Man]]. 
The Apocalyptic Messiah and the Eschatological Judge.
*Reading: The [[Gospel of Mark]] 
*Text-Book: “Jesus, the Apocalyptic Prophet” 

====Part 2 – The Jesus Movement as a Jewish Messianic Sect; or, From the Death of Jesus to the Destruction of the Jerusalem (30-70 CE)====

(1 [9]) Wed Jan 30, 2013 – After the Death of Jesus. The Traditions of Jesus in Their Greco-Roman Context. 
*Documentary: “From Jesus to Christ” (II) [Frontline, PBS 1998] 
*Text-Book: “The World of Early Christian Traditions”; and “The Traditions of Jesus in Their Greco-Roman Context”.  

(2 [10]) Fri Feb 1, 2013 – The Beginnings of the Christian Community at Jerusalem. 
[[Acts of the Apostles]] (1:1-8:40; and 9:31-12:24). 
The First Leaders: The family and the Disciples; [[James]], [[Peter]], and [[John]].  
Christianity as a Jewish Messianic Movement.  
The conversion of Gentiles.
*Reading: [[Acts of the Apostles]] 
*Text-Book: “The Acts of the Apostles” 

[Feb 4-8, 2013: First Mid-Term (in your discussion session) ] 

(3 [11])  Mon Feb 4, 2013 – [[Paul of Tarsus]]: The Man, the Apostle, and His Mission 
The Challenges of the Hellenistic Environment 
From Jerusalem to Asia Minor and Greece (Acts of Apostles 9, and 13-19) 
*Website: see [[Paul of Tarsus]] and [[Paul's First Missionary Journey]]
*Reading: Acts of Apostles – Text-Book: “Paul the Apostle”  

(5 [12]) Wed Feb 6, 2013 – [[First Letter of Paul to the Thessalonians]].
Christ’s Second Coming.  
*Website: [[Paul in Thessalonica and Beroea]], [[Paul in Athens]], [[1 Thessalonians]]
*Reading: [[1 Thessalonians]] -- Text-Book: “1 Thessalonians”  

(6 [13]) Fri Feb 8, 2013 – [[First Letter of Paul to the Corinthians]].
A Crisis in the Church. Moral Teachings. 
*Website: [[Paul in Corinth]], [[1 Corinthians]]
*Reading: 1 Corinthians -- Text-Book: “1 Corinthians”  

(7 [14]) Mon Feb 11, 2013 – [[Second Letter of Paul to the Corinthians]]
*Reading: 2 Corinthians -- Text-Book: “2 Corinthians” 

(8 [15]) Wed Feb 13, 2013 – Paul’s [[Letter to the Galatians]].
Christ and the Jewish Law.
*Website: [[Galatians]], [[Council of Jerusalem]], [[Incident at Antioch]]
*Reading: Galatians 
*Text-Book: “Galatians”  

(9 [16]) Fri Feb 15, 2013 – Paul’s [[Letter to the Romans]] (I):
Salvation by Faith.
*Reading: Romans 
*Text-Book: “The Gospel According to Paul” 

(10 [17]) Mon Feb 18, 2013 – Paul’s [[Letter to the Romans]] (II):
The Role of Jews and Judaism.
*Reading: Romans 
*Text-Book: “The Gospel According to Paul” 

(11 [18]) Wed Feb 20, 2013 – The [[Letter of James]].
Salvation by Works, not by Faith only.
*Website: see [[James]]
*Reading: Letter of James. 
*Text-Book: “The Epistle of James”; and “Paul and James”.

(12 [19]) Fri Feb 22, 2013 – The [[First Letter of Peter]].
The Role of Mediation of the Head of the Twelve.
*Website: see [[Peter]]
*Reading: 1 Peter 
*Text-Book: “The Letter of 1 Peter”     

(13 [20]) Mon Feb 25, 2013 – Paul’s Last Journey. 
From Jerusalem to Rome (Acts 19:21—28:31).
*Reading: [[Acts of the Apostles]] 
 
(14 [21]) Wed Feb 27, 2013 – Paul’s [[Letter to the Philippians]] and [[Letter to Philemon]]. Letters from Prison.
Jesus, the Obedient Adam. The Problem of Slavery.
*Website: see [[Onesimus]], and [[Slavery]]
*Reading: Philippians, Philemon 
*Text-Book: “Philippians, Philemon”

====Part 3 – Solving the Christological Problem; or, From the Destruction of the Temple to the End of the First Century (70-100 CE)====

(1 [22]) Fri Mar 1, 2013: After the Destruction of the Jerusalem Temple
*Documentary: “From Jesus to Christ” (III) [Frontline, PBS 1998]

[ Mar 2-9, 2013 – Winter Recess, No classes ] 

(2 [23]) Mon Mar 11, 2013: The Death of the Leaders. The [[Parting of the Ways]] between Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism.

[ (24) Wed Mar 13, 2013 – 2nd Midterm (in lecture class)]

(3 [25]) Fri Mar 15, 2013 – The [[Gospel of Matthew]].
The Jewish Messiah: Jesus, the [[Son of Man]], the [[Son of David]], the new Moses.
*Reading & Website: [[Gospel of Matthew]] 
*Text-Book: “The Gospel According to Matthew” 

(4 [26]) Mon Mar 18, 2013 – The Gospel of Luke. 
Jesus, the Savior of the World: the Son of Man, the Son of David, the World Savior)
*Reading & Website: [[Gospel of Luke]] 
*Text-Book: “The Gospel According to Luke” 

(5 [27]) Wed Mar 20, 2013 – The Letter to the Hebrews.
The Son of Man is Far Above the Angels.
*Reading & Website: [[Hebrews]] & [[Melchizedek]]
*Text-Book: “The Epistle to the Hebrews” 

(7 [28]) Fri Mar 22, 2013 – Continuing the Tradition of Paul.
2 Thessalonians – Colossians – Ephesians. 
The Delay of the End and the Divinity of the Son. 
The Deutero-Pauline Epistles (2 Thessalonians; Colossians; Ephesians).
*Reading & Website: [[2 Thessalonians]]; [[Colossians]]; [[Ephesians]]; see also [[Wisdom Personified]]
*Text-Book: “In the Wake of the Apostle” 

(6 [29]) Mon Mar 25, 2013 – The Letter of Barnabas. 
An Anti-Jewish Christianity? The Theology of Supersession.
The Rise of Christian Anti-Seminitism.
*Website: see [[Barnabas]]
*Reading: Letter of Barnabas 
*Text-Book: “The Epistle of Barnabas and Melito’s Passover Sermon” (ch 25 pp 418-425)  

(8 [30]) Wed Mar 27, 2013 – The Gospel of Thomas. 
A non-Jewish Christianity? The Challenge of Gnosticism.
*Reading & Website: [[Gospel of Thomas]]  
*Text-Book: “The Gospel of Thomas” (ch 12 pp 201-207) 

< Fri Mar 29, 2013 - Good Friday - No class >

(9 [31]) Mon Apr 1, 2013 – The Gospel of John (I):
The Divinity of the Christ-Logos
*Reading & Website: [[Gospel of John]] 
*Text-Book: “The Gospel According to John” 

(10 [32]) Wed Apr 3, 2013 – The Gospel of John (II): 
The role of the Holy Spirit in a Charismatic community
*Reading & Website: [[Gospel of John]] 
*Text-Book: “The Gospel According to John”

====Part 4 – Structuring the Church; or, The Early Second Century (100-150 CE)====

(1 [33]) Fri Apr 5, 2013 – Continuing the Tradition of John (I): 
1, 2 &3 John, and the Letters to the Seven Churches in Revelation. 
*Reading: 1, 2, & 3 John; and Revelation  
*Website: [[Letters of John]] and [[Seven Churches]]
*Text-Book: “The Johannine Epistles’ and Beyond” 

[ Apr 8, 2013 – Deadline for the written paper  ]  

(2 [34]) Mon Apr 8, 2012 – Continuing the Tradition of John (II):
The Apocalyptic message of the [[Book of Revelation]]./
*Reading: Revelation (chs 4-22) 
*Text-Book: “The Revelation of John” 

3 [35]) Wed Apr 10, 2013 – Continuing the Tradition of James (I): The [[Letter of Jude]] – The [[Didache]].  
*Reading: Jude, and the Didache 
*Text-Book: “Jude,” and “The Didache”

(4 [36]) Fri Apr 12, 2013 – Continuing the Tradition of James (II) 
The Jewish-Christian Gospels ([[Gospel of the Nazarenes]]; [[Gospel of the Ebionites]]; [[Gospel of the Hebrews]]) - The [[Shepherd of Hermas]]
*Reading: Jewish-Christian Gospels; and the Shepherd of Hermas 
*Text-Book: “The Jewish-Christian Gospels”; and “The Shepherd of Hermas”  

(5 [37]) Mon Apr 15, 2013 – Continuing the Tradition of Peter
The [[Second Letter of Peter]] – The [[Gospel of Peter]] – The [[Apocalypse of Peter]]  
*Reading: [[2 Peter]]; the [[Gospel of Peter]]; and the [[Apocalypse of Peter]] 
*Text-Book: “2 Peter”; “The Gospel of Peter”; and “The Apocalypse of Peter” 

(6 [38]) Wed Apr 17, 2013 – Continuing the Tradition of Paul (I): 
The Persecution of the Early Christians - The Authority of the Bishop in the Church. 
The Seven [[Letters of Ignatius]] (Ephesians; Magnesians; Trallians; Romans; Philadelphias; Smyrneans; Polycarp) – The [[Letter of Polycarp]] to the Philippians – The [[Martyrdom of Polycarp]]; The Epistle of Clement.
*Reading: Letters of Ignatius; Letter of Polycarp; Martyrdom of Polycarp; 1 Clement; *Text-Book: ‘Christians and Pagans”; “Polycarp’s Letter”; and “1 Clement”

(7 [39]) Fri Apr 19, 2013 – Continuing the Tradition of Paul (II): 
Strengthening the Authority of the Bishop - Downplaying the Role of Women. 
The Pastoral Epistles of Paul: [[1 Timothy]] & [[2 Timothy]] (NT), [[Letter of Paul to Titus]] (NT).
*Reading: 1& 2 Timothy; Titus; The [[Acts of Paul and Thecla]] 
*Text-Book: “The Pastoral Epistles”; “Paul and Thecla”; and “The Oppression of Women” 

(8 [40]) Mon Apr 22, 2013 – After the New Testament. 
Summary and Conclusion.

'''Final Exam''' - Thursday, April 25, 1:30-3:30pm (in MH AUD D lecture hall) 

==Grading System and Requirements==

[Read this section of the syllabus very carefully. The syllabus is like a contract between the student and the instructors, which we are all bound to respect.]

ATTENDANCE: The course is based on lectures, weekly discussion session, three written exams, and one (or two) papers. Regular attendance is mandatory. If you happen to miss a session, it is your responsibility to ask the Professor or the GSI or a class-mate for information about what was discussed in class. Students whose attendance is poor (that is, have missed 15-25% of either lectures or discussion sessions without justification) will see their final grade reduced of half point. Students who do not attend the class regularly (that is, have missed more than 25% of either lectures or discussion sessions without justification), or do not fulfill each and all the requirements of the course, will not be graded and will receive a NR report.

GRADING SYSTEM: The final grade is based on five elements (of which the last one is optional):
(a) Participation: 10% -- (b) First Midterm: 10% -- (c) Second Midterm: 20% -- (d) Paper 20% – (e) Final exam: 40% -- (f) Short paper (optional): possible increase

(a) Quality of participation in class and discussion sessions makes 10% of the final grade. The evaluation will be made conjunctly by the Professor and the GSIs on the basis of the student’s attention, comments, questions, commitment for an enjoyable environment, etc., as follows:  Outstanding (100%)  / Excellent (95%) / Very good (90%)  /  Good (85%)  /  Average (80%)  /  Poor (75%)  /  Very poor (70%) / Insufficient (65% or less) 

(b-c) The two mid-term exams are a series of multiple-choice questions from the lectures and the textbooks. The results of the test will be discussed in class and in the discussion sessions. The grade is determined proportionally to the amount of questions correctly answered (unanswered questions are counted as incorrect), as follows:

* A+ (100%-98%) / A (97%-91%) / A- (90%-87%) 

* B+ (86%-84%) / B (83%-79%) / B- (78%-76%) 

* C+ (75%-74%) / C (73%-71%) / C- (70%-69%) 

* D+ (68%) / D (67%-66%) / D- (65%) 

* F (64% or less) 


The first midterm exams (10% of the final grade) is a series of 50 questions about the contents of the first part of the course. It is aimed to be a sort of preparation to the more important second mid-term and final exams. No re-taking will be allowed, and no curve will be granted, under any circumstance. If your grade is F, you must submit a written petition (by e-mail) to the Professor and receive written permission (by e-mail) to continue the class, provided that your attendance is good. If you need or want to improve your grade, just followed the instructions below (f).  

The second midterm exam (20% of the final grade) is a series of 100 questions (80 new questions about the contents of the second part of the course, plus 20 questions from the first midterm). No re-taking will be allowed, and no curve will be granted, under any circumstance. If your grade is F, you must submit a written petition (by e-mail) to your GSI and receive written permission (by e-mail) to continue the class, provided that your attendance is good. If you need or want to improve your grade, just followed the instructions below (f).

(d) As a written assignment (20% of your final grade), you have to pick up a scholarly book or a novel or play focusing on Paul of Tarsus or any of Apostles in the period after the death of Jesus (your choice must be pre-approved by your GSI) and write (by Apr 5, 2012) a (400-500 word) synopsis of its content, and a 1 or 2 page commentary on the use that book or novel or play made of NT sources and on the interpretation given to the events as compared to the presentation offered in the course, 

*A+ = 99%  /  A  =  96%  /  A-  = 89%
*B+ = 85%  /  B  =  82%  /  B-  = 77%
*C+ = 74%  /  C  =  72%  /  C-  = 69%
*D+ = 68%  /  D  =  66%  /  D-  = 65%

The best summaries will be posted online in “4 Enoch: The Online Encyclopedia of Second Temple Judaism” <www.4enoch.org> under your name. 

(e) The final exam (40% of the final grade) is a series of 150 multiple-choice questions aimed at a general review of the entire course: 100 new questions about the contents of all three parts of the course (but with special emphasis on the third and last part), plus 50 questions from the first two exams (15+35, respectively). The grading system will follow the same criteria as the midterm exams.

(f) [Optional] The Instructor’s goal is to help the deserving students, who may have some initial difficulties, to improve their grade. You may choose to write (any time but not before Feb 7 or after Apr 15, 2013) one additional paper on a novel or play on one of the NT characters, who lived after Jesus, or on a topic relevant for the class (your choice must be approved by the GSI). Depending on the grade of your essay, you will have an increase of 20 (A), 15 (B), 10 (C), or 5 (D), or 0 (F) points on the grade of your first exam. A second essay will give an increase of 10 (A), 7 (B), 5 (C), 2 (D), or 0 (F) on the grade of your second exam.

NOTE: The use of personal electronic devices (lap-top, iPad, iPhone, etc.) is prohibited in the classroom, except for taking notes or class work, or for the special needs of students with disabilities. Individual students may be directed to turn off personal electronic devices if the devices are not being used for class purposes (and a sanction of -10 points will be applied to your participation grade). If the student does not comply, the student may be asked to leave the classroom (and a sanction of -30 points will be applied).


VERY IMPORTANT !!  If you have any questions or something goes wrong, or you realize that your attendance is going to be poor or insufficient, please do not wait until the very last moment to express yourself. I will be always available to talk to you immediately after class or during my office hours or, if necessary, scheduling a meeting at a different time. We can find together a solution to (almost) every problem. But, please, don’t ask the impossible when there is no more time.


IF SOMETHING GOES WRONG, 
NEVER BLAME OTHERS.
BLAME NO ONE BUT YOURSELF.

IF YOU ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY, 
YOU ARE IN THE POSITION TO DO 
SOMETHING ABOUT IT.

WHATEVER OTHER PEOPLE’S 
FAILINGS MIGHT BE,
YOU ARE THE ONE TO SHOULDER RESPONSIBILITY.

THERE ARE NO EXCUSES.

REMAIN FOCUSED:
YOUR GOAL IS TO LEARN AS MUCH AS YOU CAN:
ALL THE REST IS REALLY NOT IMPORTANT

!! BE SMART AND RESPONSIBLE: ENJOY THE CLASS !!